LONEITUTE THIAN
Loneitu hriattur puanchhuahna
Loneitu hriattur puanchhuahna
Botanical Name : Anthurium ssp
Common Name : Anthurium
Family : Araccae
A nihphung : Anthurium hi Central leh South America aṭanga lo ṭo chhuak a ni a. Netherlands hi tun dinhmunah chuan Anthurium thar chhuak hnem ber a ni a. India ramah chuan chhim lam State Karnataka leh Tamil Nadu-ah te chin a ni a, Mizoramah pawh 2002 aṭanga ching ṭanin pangpar lar ber leh ram pawna thawnchhuah awmchhun a ni ta.. Anthurium hi par danglam tak, a kuang hmawra suahdur ang deuh, a laia baibing ang rawn chawrin a par a; rawng chi hrang tam tak a awm a ni. Lei chunga a kungah zung thlak (ephiphytic) ṭhin a; tin, a zung puak chu a kung tharah rawn insiamin a pung chak hle a ni. Pangpar kumhlun chi niin, a hnah awm dan leh a rawn chawr chhoh zel dan chu khaw awmdan a zirin a danglam ve zel a ni. A tlangpuiin kum khatah par paruk vel a chhuah ṭhin a ni.
A chi hrangte : Anthurium hi chi hrang 500 vel lai a awm a, variety thar siamchhuah belh zel a ni bawk. Mizoramah chuan a chi hrang 90 vel chin mek a ni.
Hlawhtling taka Anthurium chinna atana pawimawhte :
Anthurium hi a ngeihna leh duhzawng tak hmuna chin chuan awlsam tein a chin hlawhtling theih a. A hnuaia tarlan boruak, leilung leh a chin dan phungte hi a hlawhtlinna atan chuan a mamawh a ni.
Source :
Department of Horticulture
Mizoram : Aizawl
Pages :1-10
i) A chinna hmun leh a chhehvel awmdan (Environmental factors) :
Boruak hnâwng tamna hmun, hmun lum tak leh lum lutuk vak lo hmun tropical leh sub-tropical hmunahte a ṭha duh hle a. Tuipui kam boruak hnâwng tamna hmunahte a ṭhat duh bakah tuipui aṭanga ft 3000 leh ft 4500 a sang hmunah pawh a ṭha duh em em a ni. Mizoram hmun tam zawkah hian a ṭha duh a ni.
Sik leh sa : Chhun khaw awm dan, êng leh hnâwng ten nasa takin Anthurium pâr leh ṭhanna kawngah kawnggro a su a. A ṭhan ṭhat nan zan khawlum lam 18.30C a mamawh a, a par inṭanna atan 21.3 – 23.90C a tawk chauh bawk a ni. Chhun boruak lum leh hnâwng 65% - 80% a mamawh a, amaherawhchu, khawlum lutuk 350C chunglam erawh a ngeih lo hle a ni.
Êng : Anthurium hi daihlim ngaina chi pangpar a ni a. Nipui lai chuan 80% daihlimah chin tur a ni a, nisa lutuk leh khawro lutukah chuan a hnah a ro duh a, chuvang chuan nisa chu 20% chauh a lut tur a ni. A ṭhan ṭantirhna atan hian ni eng (sunlight) 35% chauh a mamawh a, a ṭhan ṭhat dan leh a par ṭhat dan hi a chinna hmun daihlim dan a zirin nasa takin a danglam thei a ni. Heti a ni chung hian a hnuaia tarlan ang hian daihlim a mamawh dan a danglam nasa thei hle.
- a chi (cultivar) a zirin
- a upat leh upat loh a zirin
- a chinna hmun sik leh sa a zirin
Daihlim hmanraw chi hrang hrang hmangin a siamchawp theih a; entirnan, coconut kâwra lên phan hmang te, di zar hmang te leh netlon cover hmangtein a siamchawp theih a ni. Heng zingah hian netlon hi a ṭha ber a. Mizoramah chuan 50 – 75% daihlima chin hian a ṭha duh tawk hlea hriat a ni.
Anthurium hian êng a hmuh ṭhat dan a zirin a ṭhang ṭhain a par chhuah tam lam pawh a innghat nasa hle a; êng tehna
2000 – 2500 lux inkar nitin darkar sawm vel a mamawh a ni.
Source :
Department of Horticulture
Mizoram : Aizawl
Pages :1-10
Boruak hnâwn lam : Boruak 50 – 80% a hnâwngah Anthurium hi a ṭha duh ber.
Ventilation : Anthurium chinna chu a khuha khuh a nih dawn avangin boruak ṭha tak chhuah leh luh theihna atana ruahmanna siam a ṭha a. Natna leh rannung laka ven nan a sir khawi laiah emaw boruak chhuahna tur tih kuak ni se, a nih loh pawhin ventilation siam ni se.
Lei duh zawng : Anthurium hian leiṭha, leiṭhanung (organic) pai tam chi a mamawh a, boruak thawleng si tui pai ṭha thei bawk si leiah a ṭha duh a. Amaherawhchu, tui luan ral zung zung theihna, tui tlin reng theih lohna hi a ṭhat duhna ber a ni. Lei thur lamah chuan a thur lam hret (5.5 – 6.5 pH) hi a ngeih zawk a ni. Anthurium chinna tur lei chu a hnuaia mi ang hi a ni tur a ni.
- Tui pai ṭha thei
- Lei thawleng, boruak tamna
- Chi al lampang chi (Na2, Cl leh Ca2ions) tam lohna
- A zung inkaihngheh theihna ngei tur a ni.
- A hraw hrup emaw a thil (granules) emaw tur a ni.
Anthurium hi lei, meihawl, bawngêk ṭawih (FYM), leh cocopeat emaw cocochips chawhpawlhin a ṭha duh hle.
A chin/phun hun : Anthurium hi kumtluan deuhthawin a phun theih a. Fur ruahtui tlak tak tak hma (May - June) velah emaw fur ruahtui han deuh tawh hnu (Sept. – Nov.) thlaah phun ṭhin tur a ni.
Tui pek : Anthurium hian hnâwng a mamawh avangin nikhat tal tui pek ṭhin tur a ni. Khawro zuallai chuan zingah leh tlaiah pek tur a ni. Drip emaw a phuh huhna (Sprinkler) emaw hmangin tui hi pek theih chuan duhthusam a ni. Khawro lai a nih chuan boruak hnâwng siamchawp turin a lei hrul, a kung tak ni si lo leih huh reng tur a ni. Ţiauchhum siamna hmanrua (Misting system) neih theih chuan Anthurium hian a ngeih hle a ni. A tlangpuiin Square metre khatah tui litre thum nitin a mamawh a, thlasikah chuan tui 7lit/m2 a mamawh a ni.
Source :
Department of Horticulture
Mizoram : Aizawl
Pages :1-10
Leiṭha pek: Anthurium hian leiṭha tlem te te zing zawka pek hi tam deuh vawikhata pek ṭeuh aiin a ngeih zawk a.
Kung khat atan hian 5g complex fertilizer tur 500ml.-a chawhpawlh a, thla khatah vawikhat pek tur.
A hnah hi urea 1gm. tui litre khata chawhpawlhin thla khat danah kah bawk tur a ni. A par rawng a ṭial loh nan Ca No3 thla khat danah 5g pek bawk tur a ni.
A chunga mi aiawh tur hian Urea 25gm tui litre 1-ah pawlh, DAP 35gm tui litre 1-ah pawlh leh MOP 25mg tui litre 1-ah pawlhin, kar tin pek ṭhin tur a ni. Tin, micro-nutrient tuiin a ṭhan ṭhatna atan kah ṭhin tur a ni. Leiṭha pek ṭhat hian a lo hriselin natna leh rannung lakah pawh a him bik ṭhin a ni.
Anthurium hian leiṭha chi hrang hrang inpawlh a hnuaia tarlan A leh B te hi a mamawh a, A leh B te hi a chhawka pek tur a ni.
| SOLUTION A | ||
|---|---|---|
| Calcium nitrate | Ca(NO3)2 19,0% Ca, 15,5%N | 32,4 kg. |
| Ammonium Nitrate(Liquid) | NH4NO3 18% N(9,0% NO3 and 9,0% NH4 | 10,9 kg. |
| Nitric Acid 38% | HNO3 8,4% N, 6,0 mol H3 per kg | 0,01. |
| Potassium nitrate | KNO3 38,2% K, 13,0% N | 14,2 kg. |
| Ironchelate 3% | (DTP A) | 2,8 kg. |
| SOLUTION B | ||
|---|---|---|
| Phosphoric acid 59% | H3PO426,8% P, 8,6 mol H3O per kg | 0,01. |
| Potassium nitrate | KNO3 38,2% K, 13,0% N | 11,0 kg |
| Mono potassium phosphate | KH2PO4 28,2% K, 22,3% P | 13,6 kg. |
| Potassium sulphate | K2SO4 44,8% K,17,0% S | 8,7)Zg. |
| Magnesium sulphate | MgSO4 9,9% Mg, 13,0 S | 24,6 kg. |
| Borax’ | Na2B4O7 11,3% B | 192,0 kg. |
| Zinc sulphate | ZnSO4 22,7% Zn | 87,Og |
| Copper sulphate | CUSO4 25,5% Cu | 12,0 g |
| Na-molybdate | Na2MoO4 39,6% Mo | 12,0 g |
A chi tihpun:
1) A chi aṭangin
2) A ṭang tan – Anthurium kum 3-4 a upa châng 5-6 vel nei tawh chu a chi chhuahna atan a tan theih a. A châng bâwk hnuai chiahah a mit tel ngeia tan tur a ni. Kan tan hnu hian rooting hormone-a chiah hnuah phun leh tur a ni.
3) A zung puak aṭangin: A kung puitling aṭangin, a phun aṭanga kum 1-2 hnuah a zung puak a lo awm ṭan a, chung chu lak hran a, phun sawn tur a ni.
Source :
Department of Horticulture
Mizoram : Aizawl
Pages :1-10
A seng (harvesting) : Anthurium hi kumtluanin seng tur a awm thei a. A kuang a lo khawng a, a baibing lai chua han khawih pawha a khawng ar leh a rawng chu hmun thuma ṭhena hmin hnih (2/3rd) a rawng a lo dal chhoh tawh hnuin a seng theih a ni. Anthurium hi zingkar hma taka seng a ṭha ber a ni.
A par lawh dawn hian a kuang bul teah 5cm vel zuaha tan tur a ni.
Thliar hran (Grading):
A par len zawng Grade
8cm aia te Miniatures
8 – 9 cm Small
10 – 13 cm Medium
13 – 15 cm Large
15 cm Extra large
15cm aia lian Jumbo
A seng hnua sawngbawl : Anthurium hi kum khatah 6 – 10 a par thei a, 130C-ah kar 3 – 5 a dah theih a ni. A seng hun lai hian a par bulah 5cm vel a kuang zuaha tan tur a ni a, amaha ro mai tura dah tur a ni. Tan zawh veleh hian tuiah chiah nghal vat tur a ni. A tlo zawk nan damdawi ‘Floalife’/’Everbloom’ emaw a hman theih a ni.
A par hian khawvawt lutuk a ngeih lo a, tin, lum lutuk, vawt lutuk leh khawro lutukah dah tur a ni lo. Tui hua phuh zeuh zeuh a ṭha. A par vuai tawh hi tuilum pip pepa rei lote chiahin a harh leh thei. Hmun hrana phurh sawn tur a nih chuan a hmawr hi lapaw huha tuam a, sarangah tui a tam thei ang thunah chiahin rubber-a ṭawn tur a ni.
A kuang tan leh a hnah hlawi (Pruning): Anthurium hi a hnah pathum/pali vel zuahin a hnah hluite paih ṭhen ṭhin tur a ni.
Source :
Department of Horticulture
Mizoram : Aizawl
Pages :1-10
NATNA LEH EICHHETU RANNUNG:
Anthurium chinna hmun ṭha lo leh enkawl dan dik tawh lo avangin natna a kai awlsam bakah rannungin a bawm duh em em a ni. Boruak hnâwng lutuk, boruak chetvelna awm lo khawpa ping lutuk bawk si leh Anthurium phun bichilh lutukin natna leh eichhetu rannung a puang duh hle a. A enkawl dan hi a hralhna leh a thar hlawk lamah nasa takin kawngro a su a. Hei vang hian natna leh eichhetu rannung enkawl leh ven hi Anthurium chinna atan chuan nitina tihmakmawh a ni.
Natna tlang lawnte:
I. Anthracnose: Hmun lum lutuk leh hnâwng nasaah bit taka a kungte phunna hmunah a awm duh. A val dum thliah thliah ṭhin. A hnahah chuan kâng angin a vual a, a chang chuan rualkhai lo takin a val nuaih bawk ṭhin. He natna hi pangparin a kai chuan a hralh tlak tawh lo ṭhin.
A ven dan :
- A hnah upa tawh te, a hnah natna kai lai te, a par natna kai laite chu paih thlaka hal ral tur a ni.
- Mancozeb (tui litre 1-ah 25ml pawlh tur) emaw Captaf (tui litre 1-ah 25ml pawlh tur)-in ni 15 danah kah tur.
A venna atan chuan Carbendazim 1ml tui litre 1-ah pawlhin kah tur a ni
Bacterial Blight: A hnah aṭanga hnah inṭanin a hnah chhung lam panin a ro ṭhin. Tui chiah ṭawih angin a lo lang ṭan a, a nasa tulh tulh a, hnah ro a lo siam ṭhin. A tawpah a hnahte a tla hial ṭhin.
A ven dan:
- Natnain a khawih tawh chu paih nghal tur.
- Kar khat danah Copper Oxychloride tui litre 1-ah 2gm pawlha kah tur.
- A natna hi a nasat viau chuan Steptrocycline sulphate (0.01%) a kah tur.
Amaherawhchu, hei hi a tawpkhawkah chuah hman tur a ni. Copper Oxychloride tui litre 1-ah 2gm pawlha kah tur.
Source :
Department of Horticulture
Mizoram : Aizawl
Pages :1-10
Fungal Blight: A kung te tak te te, a kung upa tawhte leh a parte a khawih ṭhin. A hnahah vual angin a lo awm a, chung chu a hnuah a lo dum ṭhin. A baibing lai chu a hmawr aṭangin a ṭawih thla ṭhin. A par parh lai (spathes) ah chuan nainawk rawng deuhin a val a, a hnuah a vain a kap chhuak ṭhin. Hmun hnâwng leh lumah a awm duh.
A ven dan :
- A khawih lai hi paih thlak vek tur a ni.
- A nasat chuan a kung phawia paih darh tur.
- Ridomil tui litre 1-ah 2gm pawlha kah tur a ni.
- Terrace chu Copper Oxychloride tui litre 1-ah 2gm pawlha chiah hnawn tur a ni.
- Neem cake leh superphosphate pek hian he natna lakah Anthurium a veng a ni.
Root rot : Boruak thawleng lovah a awm duh, tui a tlin chuan a awm duh hle bawk. A zung tak ṭha lai a lo uk a, a ṭawih chhunzawm ṭhin.
A ven dan : Copper Oxychloride (tui litre 1-a 2gm pawlh) emaw Thiram (tui litre 1-a 2m pawlh) in lei chu chiah tur.
Mosaic : He natna hian a hnah leh a par a ti piangsual a, a khawih lai chu paih bo tur a ni.
A ven dan :
- A natna thlentu virus pu darhtu white fly leh aphids hi tih rem tur a ni.
- Natna kai kungte chu paih bo daih tur a ni.
- Hmanrua zawng zawng chu disinfectant-ah chiah hmasak phawt tur a ni.
Xanthomonas : He natna hian a tirah chuan a hnah leh a par a khawih hmasa ber a. Natna a vei ṭan tirh chuan tel mawm ang deuhin a val phawt a. A hnu deuhah a val a lo lian tial tial a, a lai uk a sir tlâng zei zei eng deuhin a rawn awm ṭhin. He natna hi a darh chak hle a, a kung pumpuiin a rem phah thei a ni.
A ven dan : A hnah leh a par natna kai zawng zawngte paih fai vek hnuah plantomycin 2gm tui litre khat zelah pawlhin kar tin a dam fel thleng kah tur a ni.
Source :
Department of Horticulture
Mizoram : Aizawl
Pages :1-10
Algea : Hei hi hun rei tak khaw hnâwng hnuaiah êng hmu ṭha lova a awm reng chuan a hnah chung lamah vutbuak nasa deuh ang mai hian rawng eng lampang bal tak angin a awm ṭhin a, a ṭhan a ti ṭhuin a par a tlem phah thei a ni. Hetiang a lo awm chuan êng hmu ṭha theia siamin a reh thei a ni.
Rannung eichhetu :
1. A hnah eichhetu pangang : A ṭiak, a hnah puitling leh a parte an ei a, an eichhe vek ṭhin.
A ven dan : Monochrotophos (tui litre 1-ah 1gm pawlh) a kah tur.
2. Piring : A ṭiak tir leh a kung puitling hnah a eichhe ṭhin. A par pawh an ei vek ṭhin a, hralh tlak lovah an chhuah ṭhin.
A ven dan : Piring te hi kuta vaikhawm a, tihhlum tur a ni. Carbaryl (tui litre 1-ah 2ml pawlhin) kah tur.
3. Vaihmite (Mites) : A hnah lehlam lehlam an eikua a, khawro ang deuhin a chhuak ṭhin. A nasat chuan a hnah a lo khawr a, a parte chu a lo khawroin a val thluah ṭhin. A ven dan: Nuvan (tui litre 1-ah 2ml pawlh) a kah tur. Aphid, keltelaimawn, vaihmite leh rannung dangte’n an bel f ova. Aphid tihrem nan Nuvancron (tui litre 1-ah 3gm pawlh)a kah tur a ni. Maimawm te tak tê têin ril an zam a, a par a tikhawr ṭhin. Hei hi Dicofol (tui litre 10-ah 5gm pawlh)/Endosulfan (tui litre 10-ah 5gm pawlh)a kah tur a ni.
Source :
Department of Horticulture
Mizoram : Aizawl
Pages :1-10
Chemical hmanga natna leh eichhetu rannung laka venna tura ruahmanna:
Anthurium hi fungicide leh insecticide in natna leh eichhety rannung laka ven nan kah ṭhin tur a ni. A theih chuan zing lamah kah tur a ni. Nisat lutuk lai leh temperature a san viau emaw a hniam viau emaw laia kah chuan a hnahte chu a kâng angin a awm duh a ni. A ṭul viau a nih loh chuan a ṭiak tir leh a par laiin kah loh tur a ni. A kahna hmanraw ṭha tak hman tur a ni.
- Natna leh eichhetu rannungin an beih loh nan a hnuaia mi ang hian anthurium chu kah ṭhin tur a ni.
- Fungicide entirnan, Captan emaw Carbendazim emaw hian thla khat danah 1ml/litre-in a hnah kah tur.
- Streptocycline 0.2gm/litre-in thla khat danah kah tur.
Heng Dicofol, Dunetta, Monoichrotophos leh Tafethionthe hi a inkarthlakin thla khat danah a kung puitling tan 1ml/litre-a kah tur a ni. A kung lian vak lo a laihawl leh a kungtê te chu 0.5ml/litre-a kah tur a ni.
Anthurium a hlawk thei ang bera thar turin a hnuaia mite hi hriatreng tur :
- Anthurium chu shade net emaw Hi-tech Green House hnuaiah chin tur.
- Shade house kawngkhar bulah kut leh ke silna tur damdawi tui dah a ṭha.
Hmanrua reng reng hman dawn leh hman zawhah tihthianghlim zel tur a ni. Natna leh eichhetu rannungin a beih hlauh chuan a kai hmasa kha paih nghal hmak hmak tur a ni.
- Natna vei lo leh natna laka him chauh phun atan hian hman tur a ni.
- Mi lei duh tur chi, a chi ṭha chuah ching la.
- A par natna leh eichhetu rannung laka him thar chhuak ang che.
Source :
Department of Horticulture
Mizoram : Aizawl
Pages :1-10