LONEITUTE THIAN
Loneitu hriattur puanchhuahna
Loneitu hriattur puanchhuahna
Balhla hi Mizoram a kan thei thar tam ber leh kumtluana kan hmuh theih a ni a, thlai pawimawh tak a ni. 2734 Ha. hmunah chingin 15433 M.T. kan thar a (2001 statistic report), ram chhunga ei ralah kan la hmang vek hrih a, mi pakhatin 17 kgs. (nitin 1 eiin ni 200 vel ei theuh) a nei ang kan ni a. Tuna kan thar let hi thar leh ila kan taksa mamawh tawk (minimum diet) kan nei thei chauh ang. Ram pawna hralh tur phei chuan tan lak a la ngai hle. Taksa tana a thatzia ngaihtuah a kan ei tam deuh deuh pawh a pawimawh hle ani.
Sik leh sa leh leilung duh zawng : Balhla hi ram lum leh hnawng tamna atanga ramrod lam (semiarid) leh tuipui zawl atanga 2000MT thleng a sangah a chin theih a. Variety a zirin ram lum, phai leh zoah te chin theih an ni. Mizorama kan chin tam ber hi Tall Cavendish a ni a, boruak lum leh hnawng tam lam, 600 - 900MT- a sang, nipui leh thlasik inthlauhna nasa lutuk lo, temperature 20 - 30℃inkar leh leitha dur tamna hmunah a tha deuh ber a ni. Vur thlakna hmunah leh ram lum lutuk 36 - 38℃ velah leh lei khal ban hmun tui inthlithlawr that theih lohna hmunahte a tha thei lo. Lei-thur lo leh al lo 6.5 - 7.5 pH hi duhthusam a ni bawk. Local Variety kan neih ho Balhla thur (thurte) leh Banria-te hian phai leh khawlum an duh deuh a. Natna an tuar chak bawk a, chin chi tak an ni ve tho mai. Chawhmeh leh chips-ah te hman chi (Culinary)-ho hi kan la ching uar lem lo bawk a ni.
1. BALHLA CHI THA THLAN DAN :
a) A peng thang chak, 80 - 120 cm a sang, 1-2 kg a rit.
b) A bul vawng tha, a ler lam zuih zak si, a hnah zum kawh vah.
c) A bul bawk leh a zung pu tel ngei, chawrna tur mit pawh nei
d) Natna leh rannung bawm loh, huan tar lo len enkawl fai that ami ni bawk se.
2. PHUN DAN :
a) A khur 60 cm biala laih lawk a, lei chunglang lei tha Blu leh FYM/Compost inzata pawlha hnawhkhah hnuah uluk taka phun a, tui pek nghal tum hram tur a ni.
b) A kar hlat zawng chu variety a zirin a dang thei a. Hmun awih ah chuan leilung luang ral vennan leh terrace buatsaih nghal nan hman a tha a, contour lines ah 1.8 - 2.5m a bi leh bi inkar leh 3m a tlar inhlatin a tawk tlangpui.
c) Phun hunah chuan tui pek tur neih dan leh sik leh sa a zirin a hril ber a. Tlang lo/huana kan phun danah chuan March - April hi hun tha ber a ni a. Balhla Tui pek tur neih chuan January - March thlaa phun hi a tha bera hriat a ni. Tin, fur zawh lam September - October ah pawh a phun theih a, ruah sur tam loh kum emaw fur laia khua a that deuh reng lai pawn June - July ah pawh a chin theih bawk. Mahse ruah sur thut thulhah, a kung tan chhum lova phun tur a ni.
3. LEITHA PEK : Balhla hi tui leh chaw heh deuh mai anih avangin enkawl ngun loh chuan a thang chak lova, a peng pawh a chhuah harin a thar har a, a thar hlawk lo thin. Kung khat zelin chaw N.P.K. a mamawh dan chu Urea (217 - 434g.), SSP (220 - 550g.) leh MOP (334 - 1000g.) a ni a, dose hniha pein phun tirh leh thlaruk hnuah a inzatin pek tur a ni. Nitrogen leh Potassium a mamawh hnem avang hian Bawngek leitha/compost leh vut te pek tam tur a ni.
4. TUI PEK : Balhla hian tui a mamawh hnem em em a, thal laia tui pek theih chuan a thar hlawk phah thei hle a ni. Drip system hi a tha ber a. Hnim leh a hnah ro tea a kung si phak loa khuh (mulching) in tui a mamawhna nasa takin a phuhrukin leitha a pe bawk.
5. A PENG PAIH : Mizoten kan ui vang emaw, tul lo emaw, tha thlawn senga kan inngaih tlatnate avangin a pengte kan paih then lo thin a, a hlawk tur angin kan thar hlawk loh phahin kan ti tar hma thin a ni. Kan duh ber chu a kung ni lovin a rah a nih avangin a rah thatna ber a enkawl chu kan tih makmawh a ni tlat mai. A Peng paih hian a kum khat tharah awmzia a nei lem lova, a kum hnihna atang erawh chuan a dang hle. A Peng pakhat chauh zuahin 123,253 kg/ha, a peng pahnih zuahin 80606 kg/ha, a peng pathum zuahin 8879 kg/ha, a peng paih miah lovin 6720.8 kg/ha a thar a ni. (Dr. S.P. Singh)
6. A KUNG DO : Thli len tluk avangin kan hloh tam thei hle. Balhla enkawl that loh, chaw pek that loh, a peng paih loh leh rannung bawm avang ten a tlu hma bik bawk. A rahna kung chu uluk taka do a ngai hrim hrim a, a kawkalh leh nghet tawka do tur a ni. Tin, vau hrulah mau emaw thing hmun thli dan (wind break) zuah/phun tur a ni.
7. A BU TUAM (WRAPPING) : Balhla bu a kung ami hi sarang var emaw, a hnah veka tuam hi ni sa em hmel hem (sun burn) loh nan leh thli lum laka ven te, rannungin a tih hmelhem laka ven nante a pawimawh a, a rah rawng pawh a mawi phah a ni.
8. RIH VUR : A kung bul rih vur pawn hian tui tling a veng a, a zung a chhuah belh tirin a kung a ti nghet a, a ngeih bawk a ni.
9. ENKAWL FAI : Balhla hmun enkawl fai loh hi a tam kan tih thlentu bulpui a ni. Hnimte chu a tul anga thlawhfai a, compost siam nan emaw mulching atan hman ni se. Balhla hnah ro te, a hnah hrisel lo leh tawihte, a tukna bul leh kungte pawh thenfai a, hman tangkai zel thin tur a ni. Tumbu khailengte pawh a rah a puitlin thawkhat veleh sah thlaka paih fel nghal zel a tha bawk.
10. THLAI DANG CHIN PAWLH : Balhla hi “Shade cum nursing crop” an ti hial a. Mizoramah pawh kan huan bul tan dan hi vaha hal phawt a ni tlangpui a. Hetianga bul tan chuan Balhla phun phawt mai chu kan tih makmawh a ni. Serthlum, Theihai, Coconut, Kuhva, Rubber, Butter fruit, etc. leh thlai dang Hmarcha, Sawhthing, Aieng, Bal, Bawkbawn, Vaimim leh thlai dangte tana zar hlimtu, hlo ti awltu a ni.
11. A THAR DAN : Phun atanga thla 9 ah a vui tan tlangpui a. A vui atanga thla 3 - 4 ah a tuk a hun thin. September - April hi a thar vanglai a ni a. Dwarf Variety ho chu 300 - 400 qtls./ha. a thar thei a, Tall variety ho chu 152 - 800 qtls./ha. a thar. Mizoramah chuan 50 qtls./ha. thar ang chauh kan la ni.
12. SENG HNUA SAWNG - BAWL DAN : Balhla hmin hi a hmuar natnate avangin a hnun atang lem pem dang atangin a tawih duh a. A ven nan chuan Aieng/Sawhthing/Purun var leh Neemtui atanga siam (extract), 1000ppm (1 ml./lit. water) ah chiahin a tawih tur a ven bakah a dah that theih chhung (shelf life) ni 12 in a tisei thei bawk. Heng zingah hian Aieng a tha ber bawk (K.R. Joshi & D.G. Vala).
13. RANNUNG LEH NATNATE :
a) Pseudostem borer (A kung nget) : Hei hi balhla tichhetu rannung langsar leh pawimawh ber a ni a, Rannung/tuaingawt ang deuh hi a ni a, a dum leh sen a awm. Balhla kung leh bulbal ker kuain a chhungah a inthlahpung a, a note (larva) leh a puitlingin nasa takin balhla taksa an eichhe thin. A kungte eichhiain a thi thuai thin a, a tluk sam phah bawk
ENKAWL DAN :
i) Balhla chinna tur khurah Furadon 100gm. leh Neem Cake 5kgs. khur khat zelah pawlh tur a ni.
ii) Balhla tiak/peng hrisel leh a huan upa lo a mi chauh phun tur a ni.
iii) He rannung hi a hluar viau chuan Nuvacron emaw Dimecron/100ml. leh tui 250lt. chawhpawlha kah tur a ni.
iv) Neem cake 5kg kung tina pek leh Neem leaf/kernel/Neem oil a kah.
b)Flea beetle (Nodostum subconstatum) : Hei hi kelte laimawm ang deuh te reuh te te, balhla hnah zik inzial chhung leh Balhla hnah no leh Balhla rah nasa taka zig-zag anga seh thintu hi a ni.
ENKAWL DAN :
i) Balhla hmun fai leh tha taka enkawl.
ii) Endosulfan 35EC (0.05%) ni 10 dana kah tur.
c) Banana aphid (Penta-lonia nigronervasa) :
He aphid hi Balhlaa virus natna chi hrang hrang theh darhtu a nih bakah Balhla kung leh hnah atanga a tui hipin a ti than thu hle thin.
CONTROL : Nicotine Sulphate 1:800 ratio a balhla kah tur, (1 lit. - Nicotine Sulphate, 800 lits. - tui)
A NATNA LANGSAR ZUALTE
1. BUNCHY TOP : A zik leh hnah chawr a bawr-chhawr a, a rah a chhuah thei lo.
ENKAWL DAN :
i) A lan chhuah veleh a bulah rawta paih bo nghal tur.
ii) A natna pudarhtu (Banana Aphid) ven nan Neem Oil/Neem leaf/Kernel extract emaw Endosulfan 5gm. Leh tui 10lts. Pawlh a, ni 10 danah vawi thum kah thin tur a ni.
2. LEAF SPOT (C.O : Cer-cospora Musae) :
Balhla kung upa lam hnahah a nasa bik. Balhla hnah sir leh laiah spot a awm thluah a, a chang chuan zau tak tak a thi ruah thin.
CONTROL : He natna hi Dithane M-45 hmanga tih rem a tha ber.
3. PANAMA WILT OF BANANA (C.O.) :
Furasium oxysporium f. cubesa) : Balhla natna zinga hlauhawm berte zinga mi a ni. Balhla hnah a lo eng vak a, a hnah keng kawhtu a lo tliak hnup a, ni reilo te hnuah a tam ber chu a lo ro uai thla suau thin. Hei vang hian Balhla kungpui a lo keh sung a, a lo rem hial thei thin
A enkawl dan :
a) Balhla natna nei chu kih daiha paih bo mai ni se.
b) Balhla tiak/chi hrisel chauh phun tur.
c) Chinai hman a tha hle.
d) Balhla hmun thla hnih atanga thla ruk chhung tui chimtirin a natna a um bo thei.
e) Bavistin/Benlate a kah tur.
4. MOKO DISEASE OR BACTERIAL WILT OF BANANA (C.O.) : Pseudomonas solanacearam) :
Balhla, he natna veite chu a rah a kung chunga awm lai kha a uk vek a, a ro mai thin, a zik hnah no 3 kha a hring eng dang vek thin. Balhla kung tan chhum chuan hnai ang deuh a chhuak pur thei.
VECTOR : He natna thehdarhtute chu khawivah, khuai dang leh fruit flies te an ni.
A enkawl dan :
a) Balhla chi hrisel chauh phun.
b) Crop rotation (thlai kum tina chin thlak) hman ni se. Heng - Vaimim, Fu leh buhte nen tih hian a veng thei.
c) Insect vector thah nan insecticide a kah.
Source : Issued By :
Department of Horticulture
Mizoram : Aizawl