ISKUT (CHAYOTE)

              Sechium edule

      Iskut hi Mizorama kan thlai chin pawimawh tak chawhmeh atan leh ran chaw a kan hman a ni. A rah te, a hnahte, a ziknote leh a bulbalte hi chawhmeh atana hman a ni a, Mizorama thlai thar, ram pawna kan thawnchhuah tam berte zinga mi a ni. Sihphir, Lungdai, Serkhan leh Nisapui khua-ah te an ching uar hle a, chhungkaw tam takin eizawn nan an hmang a ni.

1. SIK LEH SA (CLIMATE)

      Iskut hi a lo chhuah tanna Tropical leh Sun-Tropical ah an ching ber. Ram lum lutuk lo, vawt lutuk lo, a tlangpuia a lum lam 13° - 21° vel, ruahtui tlak tamna, kum khata 1500 - 2000 mm tlakna ram, boruak hnawng tamna (Relative Humidity 80% - 85%) ah a tha duh a hriat a ni. Khaw vawt lutuk vur tlak/insiam theihna ahte, khawro lutuk hmunte leh tui tam lutuknate a ngeih lo a ni. Ram 500 - 2000 m a sangah a chin theih. Zo lam deuha chin chi a ni a, 1000 - 2000 m ah a tha duh.

2. LEILUNG NGEIH ZAWNG (SOIL)

      Iskut hian leitha dur (organic) tamna hmun, leitak chhah thatna, lei thawleng, tui luan ral zung zung theihna ni bawk, hnawng tamna ni bawk si a ngeih ber (eg.dam ram te) Tlak lei (clay) leh leime lutuk (sandy) te a ngeih lo a ni. Ram awih leh lung tam in a tibuai hran lo. Mizoramah chuan dam deuhah a rah rei bik thin.

3. A CHI HRANG HRANG (VARIETY)

Iskut ah hian chi hrang hrang a awm :

1) Green type painted green

2) Brown green

3) Oval green

4) Florida green etc.

4. CHIN PUN DAN

    Iskut hi a rah puitling tawh hi a chi atan a hman ber a ni. Chin pun dan chi hnih a awm.

    1) Nursery a kuiin.

    2) A khur siama tuhin (direct planting).

i) Nursery buatsaih dan : Bawngek leitha leh lei chung lang chawhpawlh tur a ni (eg. 1:3 ratio-bawngek leitha kg khat leh leichunglang kg 3 chawhpawlh) Leitha chawhpawlh sa chu Polythene bag 8’ x 12’ vela lianah dahin, chutah chuan a chi (rah) pum khat zel, a bawk zawnga dahin chin tur a ni, a chi (rah) chanve vel leiin chhilh/khuh tur a ni. January - February thla ah kuiin lei hnawng tawk chauha tui pek thin tur a ni. A chi kui chu lo chawr 30cm (1ft) vel a nih in phunsawn theih a ni.

ii) A khur siama tuh : A chi kui lova a khur turah chin nghal theih a ni a, hei hi Mizoramah kan chin dan ber a ni. Fur lai September thla vela chin erawh chu a chi leia vur lovin, a khur vur vum thurah lei chunglangah dah tawp mai tur a ni, leia vur chuan a tawih thin a ni. Iskut chin hi tuia chawm theihna hmun (irrigated) ah chuan September atanga November thla ah an phun/phunsawn tur a ni. Ruahtui tla chauh ring tur (rainfed) ah chuan January - February thlaah phun/phunsawn tur a ni.

iii) A chi mamawh zat : Mizorama chin danah chuan Hectare khatah khur 500 vel atan 4.0 qtls a tawk.

5. A CHINNA TUR HMUN THLAN (SITE SELECTION)

      Ram rem, awih lutuk lo thlan a, Motor kawngpui kam leh hnaiah ngei nise a tha, thlai thar rit chi leh tam tham a nih avangin thiar velna kawngpui atanga a hlat chuan a hlawk thei lo.

6. LEILUNG BUATSAIH (LAND PREPARATION AND LAYOUT)

      Terrace siam ngei ni thei se, duhthusam a ni. A chinna tur ram Terrace a siam anih loh chuan, terrace aiah a khur awmna tlar theuh te inzawm in kalkawng (footpath) contour line zelah ft.2 vela zau a siam vek tur a ni. Hei hian hna thawktu kal velna a ti awlsamin, leilung luangral tur a veng bawk ang a, nakina terrace puitlinga siam nghal theih tura duan a tha.

      Tuikhuah : Tui lak tur a remdan a zirin tuikhuah siam nise, thlai tui pek remchanna laiah siam ni thei se a tha.

      Thlam : Kan huan chhung hmun rual rem lai leh tui lak theihna hmun ni thei se a tha.

Inkalpawhna : Kawngpui atanga huan panna kawn tha tak siam ngei tur a ni, huan hmun hrang hrang kal pawhna pawh laih ngei tur a ni. Hei hi hnathawktu kal velna leh thil thiar vel awlsamna a ni.

A khur siam : A hmun hma thenfai vek hnuah Iskut chinna atan khur laih ngei tur a ni. Khur laih hma in a khur laihna tur tak teh fel hmasa in, a Peg khen vek tur a ni. Khur inhlat zawng chu a tlar leh tlar inkar 5 - 5.5m (18ft) A tlar a a bi leh bi inkar 4 - 4.5m hi a tawk a ni. (i.e 18 x 15ft) Hectare khatah khur 500 vel a awm thei.

      Khur lenzawng :- 45cm x 45cm x 45cm (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5ft), a dung x vang x thukzawng, hei hi tawk a ngaih a ni. Mizoramah chuan khur hi 120 x 120 x 60 - 90cm (4’ x 4’ x 1 - 2’) te in an siam tlangpui. A khurte hi Bawngek leitha leh lei chunglang chawhpawlha vur tur a ni. A chi pawh kui lovin a khurah hian an ling nghal thin. Khur hi tui tling thei lo turin pawngthur a vur tur a ni a, 30cm (1ft) vel tal a sang in vur tur a ni. Mi tamtak chuan a chinna tur lei chunglang hi an chek dur vek a, chumi chungah chuan Bawngek leitha leh lei chunglang chawhpawlh chu an vur mai thin.

7. A ZAMNA SIAM (PANDAL SYSTEM)

      Iskut hi hlawk taka ching tur chuan a zamna Pandal System tha tak siamsak a ngai; chumi atan chuan Thingril ban leh thirzai (G.I Wire) te hman a ni. A zamna Pandal hi ft.6 aia hniam lo, a hnuaia awlsam taka kal vel zung zung theih tura siam tur a ni. Chumi zawh chuan a ban lei seh chin atangin 7ft tal a sang a ngai a ni. Ram hectare khat atan Banril 250 - 300 vel atawk a ni. A zamna thirzai zamte, lo dung zawng (chhuk zawng) in ft 3 vela inhlat ni sela, a vang zawng (mualtan zawng) in ft 1.5ft inkar dan hi tawk a ngaih a ni. Iskut chawr tawh a zamna Pandal a an zamkaina tur phelsep (Mau) tah sak thin tur a ni. Thlaipui laka an him theihna turin a chung kaih ang bawkin a bang kaih nise a tha.

8. HLO THLAWH LEH RIHVUR (INTER CULTURE OPERATION)

      Iskut te chu hnim in a dip chhiat loh nan hlo thlawhfai thin tur a ni. Kum khatah vawi 3 vel tal thlawh chhuah thin tur a ni. A khur leh a vel 6ft bial chu kumtluanin thlawhfai thin tur a ni.

9. LEITHA PEK

      Iskut hian leitha a mamawh tam hle a, khur khatin kum khat atan a mamawh zat chu:

1. Bawngek leitha        -     10 - 15kg (tin khat vel)

2. Neemcake          -     1.5kg

3. Nitrogen (Urea-in)       -     50gms

4. Phosphorous (SP/DAP in)     -     30gms

5. Potash (MoP)         -     30gms.

      Hemi bak pawh a than dan a zirin pek belh tur a ni. Ramdangah chuan NPK in an pe thin. NPK 15-15-15, 12-24-24 te an hmang thin. Leitha hi vawi thum pek tur a thensawm tur a ni. Pek hun te :

1) A phun hma kar khat vel.

2) Phun atanga kar 6 - 8 naah.

3) A rah sen lai te in pek thin tur a ni.

      Bawng ek leitha hi a rah chhung chu an mamawh a ni.

10. TUIPEK (Irrigation)

     Iskut te hi fur laia chin anih chuan tui pek angai lova, khawkhen emaw ruah a sur loh rei chauhvin pek tur a ni.

11. A ENKAWL ZUI DAN

      Iskut tiak te him a zamna tur a siam (Pandal) a an zamkai hmain a peng chawrte paih fai sak zel tur a ni a, a kungpui chauh hi zamkai sela, a zamkai hnuah erawh chuan a thar hlawk nan a peng tam thei ang ber a tha. Iskut te hi chho zawnga zamchi an ni a, chho zawnga an zam hian a rah tam duh a hriat a ni.

12. A PENG LEH HNAH PAIH THEN

     Fur laiin a hnah a lo chhah hle a, a in zamthuah nasat chuan a rah tha thei lovin a rah te an hring hleithei lova, a rawng a lo varin a pan duh hle, chuvangin a hnah tam lutuk leh a peng thenkhat te hi paih tur a ni, ni eng hmu tha thei tura paih then a ngai.

13. LEIKHUH (Mulching)

      Leilung luangral tur vennan leh tuihu chhuak tur vennan thal laiin Iskut bul vel hi hnim a khuh thin a tha.

14. Subsidiary activities :

      Kan thlai chin a lo thar hma a sum kan lakluhna a tan leh subsidiary activities atan Mizovin a kan tih than vawk leh ar vulh tel theih ni se. Hei bakah hian Vermiculture tih tel ngei ni se.

15. RANNUNG LEH NATNA LAKA VEN (Plant Protection)

      Iskut te hi hmun zau taka han chin hian rannung leh natna ten an rawn bawm ve thin a, heng hi ven loh chuan a thar hlawk thei lo. A eichhetu rannung lar zual te :-

I. Vual : Heihi a enkawlna chu Phorate 10G. @-10g in khur khat zelah phul tur.

II. Squash bug : A hnah tuihnang an zuk thin a, a hnah alo vuaiin a rah tam theihloh phah thin.

 A ven nan - Kuta vai leh thah atha. - Carbaryl @ 1.5gm/litre (Tui) hmangin ni 10 - 15 danah kah tur.

III. Iskut kung nget (Squash Vine Borer) A kungah kua hreuhin an eichhe thin a ni.

  A ven dan - Pangang awm lai hriat chuan a kung sat chat in thah tur a ni.

  Carbaryl @ 1.5ml/Ltr (tui) emaw Monocrotophos @ 1.5m/Ltr (tui) nen chawhpawlh a kah tur.

IV. Leafspot/ leaf blight - A hnah ah val lo awm in a zam zel a, ur ro ang maiIn alo awm a, enkawl vat loh chuan a rah tha theilo.

  A ven dan - Dithane M-45 @2gm/Ltr (tui) nen kah tur.

V. A vut buak (Powdery mildew) - A nasat chuan alo ro in a hnah a tlakawlh a, a kung a thi thei.

  A ven dan - Calixin, Sulphur, Thiovit @ 1.5gm/Ltr tui nen kah tur.

16. A RAH SENG HUN (HARVESTING)

      Iskut hi phun atanga thla 3 - 5 na ah pawh a rah nghal thei a, a kum hnihna atangin a thar hlawk tan thin. April atanga December thla thleng a thar thei a, a thar vanglai hun hi August leh September thla a ni ber. A thar hunlaiin a rah hi kartin a lawh theih a ni. Chawhmeh (Vegetable) atan a lawh anih chuan a itawm hunlai, a sen atanga ni 30 na vela lawhin a tha tawk.

17. THAR THEIH ZAT (YIELD)

      Iskut hi a chinna hmun leh ram a zirin a thar tam thei hle a, Hectare khatah qtls 250 - 400 (Ton 25-40/ha) a thar thei.

      A damrei zawng : Iskut hi uluk taka enkawl chuan Mizoramah vawikhat phun hi kum 10 vel a dam thei.

18. A RAH SENG HNUA SINGSAK (POST HARVEST & HANDLING) :

      Mihring eitur (Vegetable) atan chuan a rah puitling, la no tha tak, ei atana a itawm lai ber a lawh tur a ni. Kan lawhsa te leia dah mai lovin, thianghlim takin a bawm/kho/bag ah dah nghal tur a ni. Mizoramah chuan a rah an lawhte buara ipah dahin, kawngpui (Highway) kamah an phur chhuak a, chutah lo bukin an lei nghal mai thin. Ram changkangah chuan an lawh tharte thing Parcelah dahin, a sawngbawlna In (Processing Centre) ah an thawn a, a te leh a lian, an thatdanin lo thliar (grading) in Cardboard emaw Plastic bagah emaw uluk taka remin an thawnchhuak thin (Plastic baga an dahin anti-transpirant/fungicide te an telh thin).

      A rahte thianghlim taka enkawlin, a rah tha leh tha lo thliarin (grading) a bawm tura siamah, chhe lo turin fel taka rem nise, a man pawh a that dan a zir zela chhiar mai zawk tur a ni.

      Mizoramah Iskut hi Sap Missionaryte rawn lak luh nia hriat a ni. Mizorama Iskut eizawn nana chin tanna hmasa ber chu Sihphir khua nia hriat a ni. Mizorama Iskut kan thar tam zawk hi rampawn Assamah leh Bangladeshah te thawnchhuah a ni.

        Prepared and Published by the Department of Horticulture, Mizoram.

Source : ISKUT (CHAYOTE)(Sechium edule)

Department of Horticulture

Government of Mizoram

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