LONEITUTE THIAN
Loneitu hriattur puanchhuahna
Loneitu hriattur puanchhuahna
Tomato hi ram puma thlai hralh that ber leh chin uar ber pawl a ni a, kan taksa ina a mamawh Vitamin A, B, C leh minerals tamna a ni bawk. A hringa ei mai bakah hian khawl hmanga eitur sawngbawl thin (soup, pickle, ketchup, puree, sauce, etc) siam nan a hman theih a. A nihphung pangngaiah chuan thlasik thlai, boruak lum leh vawt lutuk tuar theilo a ni a. Amaherawhchu khawvel thang zelah a chi tha chi – sik leh sa danglamin a tihchhiat mai mai loh a kawr chhah chi, a rah tam leh natna do thei mithiam ten an siam chhuak zel a, chu chu kan rama a chingtute pawh hian kan hlawkpui chho mek a ni.
A chi tha (Variety) thlan chungchanga hriat tur :
Hlawhtling taka tomato ching tur chuan a variety thlan uluk a pawimawh a, thar hlawk thei si, natna do thei bawk, a rah dah rei theih chi thlan ngei ngei tur a ni. A kung bawrchawr chi ni lo, sang lutuka zam ni bawk silo hi duhthusamah chuan thlan tur a ni. Tunlaia loneitu tena an hlawhtlin pui ber leh an chin uar ber pawl chu Samrudhi a ni a, department hmalakna in a dang pawh enchhin mek zel a ni. Tunah hian IIHR Bangalore ten variety an tihchhuah Arka Rakshak leh Arsa Samrat te a enchhin tawhna-ah a tha tih hriat a ni a, uar zawk a chin tum mek a ni. A chi dang kan chin langsar zualte chu R-144, FA-179 (Israeli Var) Naveen, NS-646, GS-600 etc. (Indian Var) te an ni.
Tomato hi Greenhouse hnuaiah emaw a chung khuhna hmang lem lovin huan lo rama a lawnga (Open air) chin a ni ber. Greenhouse leh Open air a chin dan hi a enkawl dan a danglam ve hret thin bawk.
1. A CHUNG KHUH HMANG LOVA HUAN LO RAMA TOMATO CHIN DAN
A chi kui :
A hmasa in a chi hi Nursery ah kui tiah a, phun sawn leh tur a ni. Seed bed meter khat (3ft) a zau, a remchan dan anga sei, meter chanve vela sang siam phawt tur a ni. Bawngek leitha kg khat chu meter khat bial zelah lei chunglang hang tha nena chawhpawlh a, NPK kg chanve a kui hma ni 10-ah telh leh tur a ni. Chumi hnu chuan formalin solution (40ml/L) chu meter hnih bial vela leih hnawn a, darker 24 chhung saranga khuh tlat tur a ni. Formalin hmanga lei kan sawngbawl lo a nih chuan Captan (2ml/L) leih a tha. Tichuan sarang chu hawn thawt a darkar 72 vel hnuah thlai chi kui chauh tur a ni. Inches hnih dan velah a tlarin kui tur a ni a, lei pante a chilh a, a tui pekna (watering can) hmanga tui lei hnawng tawk leka pek tur. Tin, a tawih natna laka a fihlim nan Dithane M-45 emaw fungicide dangtea kar tin kah tur a ni. A chi kui nan hian plastic tray ah cocopeat, perlite, vermiculite/vermicompost etc. chawhpawlh a kui theih bawk a ni.
A chi mamawh zat :
Hybrid chi tha a nih avangin 125-175gm hi ram hectare khat tan a tawk a. A bi hlat zawng hi mahni duh dan ang emaw 60cm x 45cm, 75cm x 60cm, 75cm x 75cm te a hman theih a ni.
Lei mamawh dan :
Lei thawl tha leh tui luang ral zung zung thei, dur tha, lei al lam aiin tlema thur sek ah a tha duh a. Lei thur lam tehna pH 6-7.5 ah a tha duh bawk. Tin, lei thur hi ti thawlin natna tam tak a that bawk a, calcium chaw te a keng tel bawk a ni.
Leilung buatsaih dan :
A phunsawnna tur lei chu Bawngek/Vawkek/Cocopeat/Phuai te nen tha taka chehpawlh a, phunna tur lei chu dip tha taka leh phut tur a ni. Tomato tiak phun tlar leh tlar inkar hlat zawng hi 60 cm (2ft) a tawk a, a tiak leh tiak phun inkar hlat zawng hi 45 cm (1½ft) tal a ni bawk tur a ni. Tlai lama phunsawn a, phun hmain Dithane M-45, 2% solution ah a zung lawng a veng a ni.
Phunsawn :
A chi kui atanga kar 5 – 6 velah a tiak hi a phunsawn theih a, a phun hma ni 4 emaw ni 5 chhung chu tui pek loh tur a ni. Duhthusamah chuan a phunna tur leilung chu dur that akin cheh phut vek tur a ni a, tomato tiak phun tlarna tur hi a ngilin vur pawnga, lei rih pawn ah phun a, rih vur leh tur a ni. Tlai lama phun a tha a, phun zawhah tui pek nghal tur. Ram hectare khatah a phun hlat zawng a zirin tomato kung 20,000 atanga 35,000 a chin theih a ni.
Enkawl zui dan :
Tomato tiak phun te hi a nung tha fel ta maw tih ah leitha pek tur a ni a, rannung awm leh awm loh bakah natna vei emaw thi/vuai an awm em tih enzui ngei tur. Tomato peng leh chang chawr awm apiang hleh chum emaw sih chum zel bawk tur a ni a, a kungpui chauh zuah a, zam chhoh tir tur a ni. A hnah upa, eng tan tawh te pawh paih zel tur. A rah bawr khatah hian rah tam lutuk a awm chuan suat thawl/paih then bawk tur a ni a. Tomato lian chi ah chuan bawr khatah 4-5 vel awm se a tawk a, a rah te bik leh hrisel lo te pawh paih zel a, a dang tih hliam palh loh na turin fimkhur taka tih thin tur a ni. Tomato chinna bulah hian khuai a par bawmtu a awm theih chuan a ti rah tha tur leh a rah inseam tha tur puitu atan a tangkai hle bawk
Tomato hi zung pawnglang (15 – 20cm) vel chauh a awh avangin, phunsawn atanga ni 25 atanga ni 30 hnu ah rih vur a ngai thin.
A zamna :
Tomato zamna tur siam hi Green house chhunga siam ai chuan a harsa maithei a, a kung bulah mau/hmawlh, etc phun a tawn beh tur a ni. Tin, leilawnga zam tir loh a tha a, kan phunna tur hmunah chuan mulch film phah bawk a tha.
Leitha pek :
Tomato hrisel tha hlawk taka thar tur chuan Bawngek leitha quintal 180 atanga 200 vel ram hectare khatah lei nena pawlha pek a tha. NPK 100:60:50 kg, Nitrogen (N) hmun thuma thena hmun khat (1/3) chu Phosphorous (P) leh Potassium (K) a vai in a china hmunah chawhpawlh nghal tur a ni a. Nitrogen la bangte chu a phun atanga thla khat (ni 25-45) hnuah a inzatin pek leh tur a ni. Miconutrient kan tih ho Zinc, Copper leh Boron te pekin a rah a thar hlawk bawk.
A tui pek :
A tiak phunsawn zawh velah tuipek nghal tur a ni a, tui pek tam lutuk a that loh avangin a zung huh tawk chauh turin ni 3-4 danah pek tur. A hnah leh a kungah tui pek loh tur a ni.
A tui pek rual hian leitha tuia chawhpawlh chi pek tel tur a ni. Heng leitha te hi lei ina a ken tel thin, duh ang thala a mamawh tur a china leilunga awmlo an ni tlangpui a. Drip irrigation hmanga tui pek rualin ni 6-8 danah NPK (5:3:6 gm) chu tui ½ -1 litre a pek tur a ni a. Tin, micronutrient Magnesium, zinc leh Iron te pek tel loh chuan an piangsual ve thei a ni.
A thar seng leh vawnthat :
Tomato rah chu zingah emaw tlaiah a rah sakawrbakcheh hmangin a hnun tela lawh a tha ber a. A rah te hi dim taka, shock awmlo thei ang ber turin iptepui emaw plastic crate ah dimtea dah tur a ni. A zawrh chhuahna tur hmun a zirin a hmin (sentai) chauh emaw a hring emaw in lawh tur a ni. A hmin dan emaw a len dan a zirin parcel emaw lehkhakhawng bawmah uluk taka packing tih tur a ni.
Tomato rah lian pangngai ho hi ram hectare khatah quintal 200-300 a thar chhuak thei a ni.
Source : Issued By :
Department of Horticulture
Mizoram : Aizawl
II. GREENHOUSE HNUAIA TOMATO CHIN DAN
Greenhouse chu a chhung boruak lum tha, thlai ngeih zawng tur taka boruak tih danglam tihna a ni a. Boruak mai ni lovin lei pawh a lum tel a, thlai in zung a kaih tha bik a, a thang duang bik bawk. Tomato hi thlai zingah Greenhouse a chin hmasak ber a ni a, a chin a awlsamin a hahdam a, a thar pawh a hlawk hle.
Sik leh Sa mamawh dan :
Greenhouse a tomato kan chin dawn chuan khaw vawt lutuk ah a tha duh lova, ni kang tha, 25-30˚C ah that akin a nungin rah a chhuah thei a ni. Tin, boruak uap ah a tha duhlo mai ni lovin natna a kai hma bik bawk.
A zamna siam dan :
Rannung luh theih loh turin greenhouse bang te chu phui taka tihpin a, a zam chhohna tur thlunna tur chu buara emaw nylon hrui hmanga siam a tha. Lei atanga feet 8-7 velah thirzai zam a, chutah chuan hrui chu han thlun a, chu hrui chu tomato bulah nghet lotea tawn a, tomato chu veh chhoh tawh mai tur a ni.
Greenhouse chhung hnawng lutuka dah loh tur a ni a. Hnim awmlo tura Greenhouse chhung chu vawn fai a, a kung bul rihvur thin a, a chung ami ang khian enkawl zui tawh mai tur a ni.
Tui pek dan :
Tui a mamawh tam avangin drip irrigation hmang a a zung/kung bulah pek tur a ni a, vawikhatah tam deuh pek loh tur. A zung a huhkim chuan a tawk a, a hriselna in a tawrh theih avangin a hnah leh kung pek tel kher a tul lo. Tui bawlhhlawh leh thianghlim lo pek loh bawk tur a ni.
A tui pek rual hian leitha tuia chawhpawlh chi a chunga kan sawi ang khian pek tel tur a ni bawk.
A seng dan leh seng hnu a sawngbawl dan :
Tomato rah chu a chin atanga ni 70-100 velah a seng theih a. A chunga kan sawi ang vek khian a rah seng tur a ni.
Tomato chi hun chhung :
| Tomato | |
|---|---|
| Kui atanga a tiak hun | |
| A tiak atanga phunsawn hun | |
| Phunsawn atanga rih vur hun | |
| Phunsawn atanga a par hun | |
| A par atanga a rah seng hun |
Eichhetu rannung leh a ven dan :
a) Tomato fruit borer – He pangang hi tomato rah tana chimawm ber a ni a. Phengphehlep chikhat, a uk buang rawng chu tomato hnah emaw par leh a chang in a rahah te tuiin a sen laiin a zikno leh a hnah a eichhia a, a len hnuin a rah chhung a eichhe thung thin.
Enkawl dan : A eichhiat tomato rah chu pangang tela lakkhawm a, tihchhiat emaw tihhlum tur a ni a, Carbaryl (2g/L) in kah tur. Derhken (Marigold) hi kung 16 dan vela chin a tha bawk a ni.
b) Jassids – Rannung te tak te niin, a hnah a zuk ro bakah a rah tuihnang a dawt thin a ni.
Enkawl dan : Acetamiprid a kah tur.
c) Nematods – Rulhut natna hi tomato ah pawh a chimawm khawp mai. A hnah rawng alo danglam a, a than thuin a thih phah thin.
Enkawl dan : A ven nan a china lei enkawl a pawimawh.
A. Natna langsar zualte:
a) Bacterial Diseases :-
Lei atanga an kai thin natna a ni a, tomato kung chu a than a thu a, a hnah te lo eng in a hnah eng lemlo pawh a til emaw a tla mai thin.
Enkawl dan : Oil cake, neem cake (Neemazal) lei a telhin a control theih.
b) Fungal Diseases :-
i) Damping Off and root rot – Heng natna hi Nursery-a a tiak tirah a hluar a, a tiak te ati lawng a, a thi mai zel.
Enkawl dan : Nursery ah he natna hi alo lan chuan Formalin 2% a kan tuhna hmun tih thianghlim tur a ni a. Thlai tiak Captan @2-3g/L @5L/sgm a kah tur.
ii) Early blight – A kung upa lamah a hluar a, a hnah a duk val a, a rah leh a kungah te a lawng a, tomato rah tawih te a siam thin.
Enkawl dan : Dithane Z-78/Dithane M-45 emaw Zineb emaw a kah tur.
iii) Late blight – Early blight natna ai hian a hluar zawk a, hmun hnawng leh vawt ah a tam thin. A hnahah val a in siam a, a rah leh kungah pawh a kai thei thin. Kar hnih hnuah a hnah a tla kawlh vek thei a, a rah tawih a siam bawk. A venhim dan chu early blight nen a inang a ni.
iv) Fusarium wilt – Lei atanga an kai thin natna a ni a, hmun lum ah a tam a, a hnah a eng a, a thih phah thin.
Enkawl dan : A china lei enkawl a pawimawh a, thlai dang a natna do thei nena chin thlak fo a tha hle.
c) Viral disease
i) Tomato mosaic virus – Natna vei tomato hnah a rangin alo tle a, a rah pawhin a tuar in a hmelhem thin.
Enkawl dan : Tihfai uluk leh meizial zuk loh hi he natna laka ven dan pawimawh ber a ni.
ii) Leaf curl virus – He natna thlentu hi rannung chikhat Whitefly a ni a, a hnah alo kir a, a tein peng a insiam teuh thin a, a than a thu viau thin bawk.
Enkawl dan : Rogor emaw Dimecron emaw in ni 8 atanga 10 danah kah tur a ni.