Editor

Dr. O. P. Singh

Director of Agriculture

(Drop Husbandry &

Minor Irrigation)

Joint Editors

H. Thankhuma

Dy. Director of Agriculture

(Extension)

R. Zoramthanga

AAIO

Directorate of Agriculture

Cir. Manager

Lalchhanliana

S.D.A..E

Zoram Loneitu-a

thu chhuah duh nei

emaw, lehkha thawn

duh emaw chuan a

hnuaia Address-ah

thawn tur a ni.

Editor

ZORAM LONEITU

P.O. Box – 098

Dte. of Agriculture,

Mizoram : Aizawl.

Pin - 796001

CONTENTs

ZORAM LONEITU 2003

1. Editorial ……………………………………………..……………………….……..

2. Lehkhathawn …………………………………….…………………………...….

-Pu S.K Liana, Sesih

3. Zawhna leh Chhanna………………...…….. ……………………………..….

- C. Lalniliana, Jt. Director of Agriculture

4. Mau leh Mautam/Sazu leh an nungchang

tlangpui………………………………………………. ……………………………

- James Lalsiamliana APPO

5. Panhnah natna ………………. ………………………………………………….

- J. Rothanga, SMS (Soil con.)

6. Serthlum mawlh mai hi …………….……. …………………………………

- Khawtinthanga Ralte, AEO (Rtd).

7. Crop Rotation ………………………………….……….……. …………………

- H.Joela, S.O.-Cum-S.A

8. Baby Corn ……….…..……………………………………….… …………………

- H.Thankhuma, Dy.Director of

Agriculture ( Extension)

9. Zoram Loneitu .............................. …………………………………………...

- Lalbiakthanga Pachuau..

B.A:B.Sc (Agri)

10. Kawlva lenchhamah

(Farmer’s Tour) …………………………………………………… ……………..

- Hav. Thuamliana, Kolasib

11. System of Rice

Intensification ……………………………………..………………………………

- Lalrinsangi, Facilitator,

Extension Section .Dte of Agriculture

12. ITC Hnahthial hi…………………….. …………………………………………..

- N.Rothanzama. G/S

13. KEIMAHNI …………………………………………………………….……………

Editorial

Hei Furpui kan thleng ta, loneitute tan Mizo hnathawh rim thlak lai, tul hun ,

hnuhhram thlawh hun kan thleng a, mi vantlang tam ber chu feh haw ruah nan hun,

thalai te tan lawm hlui leh thian duhte Fanghma chhawlthuai hunlai a ni a. Kan

hmabak erawh chu, Favang awllen, Mimkut leh khuangchawi a ni. Pi puten ‘Kutpui kan

ur Khuangruah a chiar nghian e’ an tih laite hi han thlir let chuan, lung pawh a leng

duh hle mai. Khuangchawi nu leh pa chu Pialralah Faihawt a chawm an beisei kha!!

Amaherawhchu, hun kal zelin a phal angin sappui nun chan zir kan ni ta si a,

Kutpui ur ngawt chu sawi bo a ni ta mah mah a. Favang leh thlasik ur kawp a ngai ta a

ni. Khun taka bengsika chhut chuan, Khuangchawi tur chuan, buh leh bal ngah a tul a,

buh leh bal ngah tur chuan, taimaka thawh tam a ngai a ni.

Mizo pipuin Pialrala Faihawta an beisei hi, Upa te thurochhiah ah chuan, buh leh

sa leh thlai hrang chitin reng a huap an ti.

Tun lai Sappui nun kan zir hi chuan Pialrala, Pipute beisei hi a lo thleng reng mai

a. Tichuan, Lo thlawh zawh a ni a, Hah Zu an in a, ‘Ka tawk ang che’ Ka lawm e, tuan a

mawi ber mai, an tih hian, thlasik thlai chin nan- (tuan) hnathawh i tan zel ang aw an

tihna a va ni mai awm vele!! Vevu hram, Rengchal kiu leh Dawlrem hram a

inchawhchawrawi nuai ta mai, Sava note pawh an inparh khuh zo ta.

Tichuan, he fur tawp chiah atang hian mimkut thla, kan lo thleng mai dawn a, he

thla hi hun hrisel intannaah Mizo piputen an lo ngai a, an hrisel a ni ang. Thlai tam tak

an chin in eitur hnianghnar sum leh paia intodelhna, pachhe kum tiam aia thar ran

intanna a lo ni reng mai. Tichuan phaia anhnah leh rah an rawn phurh nghak tawh

lovin, thlai tam tak zoram boruakah a chin theih a, chumi atan chuan Agriculture

Department pawhin, thlai chi chin tur a buatsaih a, phaizawl hnim hnuai leh luipui kam

tuikam san tiau dup thlengin hmanzai theih a ni. Tlangramah lah a theih thova.

Phai leilet buh chin lohna leh nulah- Alu , Purun sen, Purun var, Bawkbawn,

Hmarcha, Changkha, Tomato , zikhlum, Parbawr, Bulbawk , Buluih, Carrot,Antam chi

hrang hrang chinna buatsaiha chin zui a hun dawn a.

In bul huanah , mitin kamding leh tupawhin mahni chhungkaw rin tur a chin

theih bawk a. Kamdingte dan Office kai hma zing hnathawh nan hun darkar 3 lai (dar

4:30-7:30 A.M) a awm a.

Kum tin maia, kan chin a, kan thar ve thei reng- ram pawna mi tawlh luh vak vak

hi, a zahthlakin a mualpho thlak a. Kan rin Pathian pawh a zahawm lutuk a. Kumin

thlasik lo thleng tur hi Pialral ram nuam chen lawk nana hman a hun ta e. Khai le, puan

ven I han sawichhing teh ang u le. Leiah hian Faihawta chawm theih kan ni e. Kumin

chu fur thlai kan chin te ngun tak leh duat takin enkawl ila, chubakah thlai chingin

inlama thangchhuah nih theuh tum ila.

ZORAM LONEITU

To ,

The Editor,

Zoram Loneitu

P.O. Box-098

Directorate Of Agriculture

Mizoram, Aizawl Pin-796001

Ka pu,

Tluang taka ‘Zoram Loneitu’ Magazine in chhuah chhunzawm zel ka

beiseiin duhsakna ka hlan e.

‘Zoram Loneitu’ Magazine hi tha ka tiin keini thingtlang lonei mite tan kan

hnathawh min puitu leh tangkai em em a ni a. A bikin thlai chin dan leh enkawl dan te,

mi hlawhtlingte hmalak dan atangin zir tur leh entawn tur min hnutchhiahin ‘Zoram

Loneitu’ hi keini chuan kan chhawrin, kei aimahin kan thenawm leh a hmu ten an

chhiar nasa zawk emaw tih tur hialin kan chhawr a, a bute pawh kan dahthain kan

en/chhiar leh thin a ni.

Hun engemaw te atang khan ka hmu tawh lova, min thawn tawh lo nge,

quarterly a nih avangin ka lo hmu khat tih ka hre tawh lova, khawngaih a min han

thawn leh zel turin ka ngen a che.

I rintlak.

‘Zoram Loneitu’ Ngaisangtu

Sd/-S.K.LIANA

Sesih, P.O. Champhai

Pin-796321

Mizoram

ZAWHNA LEH CHHANNA

ZAWHNA ZAWTTU : Lalrova

Zotlang, B.P.O Lunglei, Lunglei District

D.A.O Office , Lungleiah ka leng a, Zoram Loneitu ka hmu hlauh mai a, July-Sept

leh Oct-Dec 2003 min pe a, ka han chhiar a, article pakhat Pi K.Lalrinsangi,

M.Sc(Agron) in Broad Bean (Vicia Faba L.) chanchin a ziah kha ka hmu a, helaia Broad

Bean ka lo tih ve mai ang turah ka ngai a, mahse a lo ni hauh lo a. Broad Bean ka tih ve

chu, bean dang anga zam chi, a hnah a hlai deuh a, a rah chu a phek 1 inch. Aia hlai 8-10

inches a sei a ni a, a tial deuh ruai a. Burma lam atanga a chi an rawn lak tih a ni a, a mu

pawh a tial, a phek a ni.

Faba bean hi ka la hmu ve ngai lova, Lunglei lamah hian ching an awm emaw ka

hre lova.

A chanchin kan chhiar leh Faba Kung thlalak ka hmuh hian chin ve ka chak a, a

chi hmuh dan ka hre duh a, Agriculture in hralh/ sem tur in nei em ? in neilo a nih

chuan khawi atanga hmuh theih tur nge ni min han hrilh hma thei ula ka lawm hle ang.

Chhanna

Chhangtu : Judy K.Lalrinsangi

Extension Section

Directorate Of Agriculture, Aizawl

Zoram Loneitu a ka article ziah chik tak leh uluk taka min lo chhiar sak avangin

a hmasain lawmthu ka han sawi e.

Broad Bean anga I lo ngaih Burma lam atanga a chi lak niawma I han sawi hi thil

hriat sual palh niin ka hria . Hetiang hian lehkhabu behchhanin han sawifiah dawn ila.

Faba bean te hi huapzau takin Subspecies pahnih : Paucijuga L. leh Faba L. ah an then

a. Tin, faba L. te hi hetiang hian then an ni leh a.- (i) Var.minor, a chi bial kerh, te reuh

te, 1cm a sei (ii) Var.equina, a laihawl, 1.5cm a sei “horse bean” an ti bawk

(iii)var.major , hei hi an chin tam ber a niin a mu a lian a, a phek bawk, 2-3cm a sei an

ni. Faba bean kung hi a ding ngil hle a, mahse zam chi an nilo. U.K leh Europe ah chuan

vicia faba vars equina leh minor te hi field bean tiin an kova, a chi lian major te hi

broad bean an ti bawk . Hun engemaw chen atang khan an zavai hian faba bean tiin

koh nise tiin mithiam ten thutlukna an siam ta a ni. [Reference : (1)Hawtin, G.C and

Hebblethwaite, P.D (1983). The Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Edited by Hebblethwaite, P.D

Great Britain.

(2) http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings 1993/v2-254.html].

Central Agriculture University , Imphal ah M.Sc(Agron)degree lakna turin Faba

Bean hmang hian Research ka bei a. Tum hnih ka ching nawn a, kum hnih leh a chanve

chhung khawvel hmun hrang hrang leh India ram chhunga ka hmuh theih ang ang a

chanchin leh midang research beihnate ka khawn khawm a. He thlai hi Mizorama kan

neih ve loh vangin ka zir chiang chak bawk a. Ka thesis hming chu “Response Of Broad

Bean (vicia fabaa L.) to different Strains of Rhizobium in combination with FYM on

the growth, nodulation and yield” a ni a. Chemical fertilizer ka hmang miah lova,

Rhizobium chi hrang pathum leh FYM (Bawngek) chauh ka hmang a. Hengte vang hian

leh tunlai khawvelin ecofriendly leh Organic Farming an chawilar ta bawk nen ka

thesis chu khawvel pum huap “International Conference on Ecorestoration,

Dehradun & New Delhi 14-21 October, 2003” ah khan thlan ve a niin an published

ve ta a ni. Ka lawm ve khawp mai.

A chi hi kei chuan Manipur atangin ka lei a. Mizoramah a awm lo. Faba bean

chungchangi hriat belh duh chuan tanpui tur che in ka inpeih reng e.

MAU LEH MAUTAM/SAZU LEH AN NUNGCHANG TLANGPUI

James Lalsiamliana

Asst.Plant Protection Officer

Directorate of Agriculture & M.I

Aizawl , Mizoram

‘A’ MAU LEH MAUTAM

Mau hian Mizoramah hmun a luah zau em em mai a, kan ram pum hmun 100 a

then a hmun 31 hi mau hian a luah niin chhut a ni. Chuti a nih chuan, kan ram 21,081

km bialah hian 6446km bial a luah a nih chu. Amaherawhchu, kan mau hmun te hi

tlangram lo atana kan vah dar thin avangin mau hung upa tak an vang a, mau tuaithar

in a hung a rawn siam thar leh thin an ni ber a ni.

Mizoram chhungah hian mau chi hrang 20 chuang an awm a, heng zingah hian

Mautak (Melocanna baccifera) hi a tam ber niin, 100 zela 95 an awh a, a dang zingah

chuan Phulrua (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii) te, Rawnal (D.longispathus) te leh

Rawthing (Bambusa tulda) te hi a lar zualte an ni a tih theih ang.

Mautam :-

Mau an rah nazawng hian an tam lo a. hei vang hian Mau rah hi chi hnih a then

an ni . A hmasa zawk chu a tangrah kan ti mai anga. Hei hi chu kumtinin, mau hmun

thlawhhma, kangvarah , mau rawn chawr thar leh dawnin, lei hrulah te an rah mai

thin. Tin, hmun thenkhatah chuan mau hung khatah rau rau pawh, kung 10 emaw,

kung 20 vel lekah, a bingin an rah thei bawk a. Hetianga a binga mau rah hi kum 2001

khan Mizorama khaw 2/3 ah hmuh a ni a. Kum 2003 khan khaw 31 ah hmuh a ni leh

in, Kum 2003 khan khaw 25 ah a rah leh a. Tichuan, kumtin, Zoram hmun hrang

hrangah hmuh a ni chho ta zel a ni. Mi thenkhat chuan kan hma lawka Mautam lo

thleng tura a sehsamah an ngai a ni.

Mautam kan tih tak zawk tur a chu, Mau chu a hung pumin an rawn rah a,hetia

an rah hnu hian an thi ta rup thin a ni. Hetianga mau rawn tam hi saptawngin

Gregarious flowering of bamboo an ti. Hetia mau rawn tam hi thilmak a nilo a, mau te

hian an dam hun chhung an rawn hman zawh vang mai a ni. Mau te hi hnim chikhat ,

Grass an tih te zinga a lian ber an ni a. Grass chi dang hote chu Buh te, Di te, hmunphiah

te hi an ni a. Buh an dam hun chhung (life cycle) chu thla 3 atanga thla 7 inkarah a an

hmang zo a, hetia an dam hun chhung an hman zawh hian an rah a , an thi thin. Mau ho

erawh hi chu an dam hun chhung a rei bik em em mai a, tin, Mau chi hrang hrangah a

inanglo leh nuaih bawk a. Zorama kan mau, Mautak leh Rawthing te hi an dam hun

chhung chu kum 48(+1) a ni a. Hei vang hian Mautak leh Rawthing te hi kum 48 danah

an rawn tam ta thin a ni. Mau kung hi a upatna kengtu chu a zung a nih avangin a tam

kum a lo thlen dawn chuan vat vek mah ila , a tuai tharah pawh a rawn rah thei tho a

ni.

Mau tam leh Thing tam hian Mizoramah nghawng lian tak mai a nei a. Chu chu

kan hriat theuh angin Sazu puang nena a inkaihhnawih thin vang a ni. Hetiang anga a

inkaihhnawihna hi ramdang hmun tlemteah chauh hriat a ni ve a.

Myanmar ah te, Laos leh Vietnam ram bakah , South America ram thenkhatah a

thleng ve a sawi a ni. Mizoramah chuan Sazu puang nen a inzawm nia lang tih mai loah

hi chuan Mautam leh Thingtam hi han huphurh tur chi a ni lo a. Hetia Mau rawn rah hi

chhar khawm a mau tlemna hmuna chin darhna hun remchang tak a ni zawk a ni.

Mau rah Pianhmang :

Mau tak (Melocanna baccifera) rah hi a sen lai chuan a hring emaw. A senno

deuh lampang emaw rawng a pu a, a chan hnu chuan a rawng hi a hringduk emaw , a

thim lampang emaw a rawn pu thin. A laimu hi a var a, a rah han phel chuan Theihai no

deuh han phel ang mai nen hian a inang hle. A tlangpuiin Varak tui aimah a lian an ni

ber a, 200gms vel a rit anni ber. Artui pianzia an ang a, mahse a hmawr lehlamah hian

a kuai zum van thin a ni. Mau changah hian a rah hi an awm ber a, amaherawhchu, a

kung bul fepah te leh a zung atang te pawhin a rawn puak chhuak bawk thin a ni.

Rawthing (Bambusa tulda) rah /fang erawh hi chuan a pianhmang leh a len

lamah buhhum a ang hle thung a, a bawrah a rah te hi awm khawmin, bawr khatah

hian fang 150 atanga 190 inkar an awm ber thin. Raw-tangah a rahbawr hi a rawn

awm thin.

Mau rah leh Sazu :

Mau rah te hi Sazu tana chawtha tak nia ngaih a ni a. Sazu hian Mau rah an tlan

chuan an chi thlahna thlengin a pui thei nia ngaih thin a ni. Amaherawhchu hei hi a

dik tho laiin a dik ber lohna lai chin a awm bawk a. A chhan chu mau rah ah hian Sazu

inthlahna kawng a pui theitu thil awm a hriat a ni lo a. Mautam avanga sazu an pun

chakna chhan ber tur zawk a chu, Mau rah kher lo pawh hnianghnar taka chaw eitur an

hmuh hrim hrim hian an inthlah pung chak a, a pangngaia tum khata no 5/6 nei thin

khan no 10 chuang te an nei thei ta thin a, tin, thla tin deuh thaw no an hring thei ta

thin a ni.

Mautam leh Thingtam Mizorama a lo thlen tawh thin dan :

Mautam hi India ram bikah chuan kum 1866 a Rawthing, Malabar hmun a tam

kha chhin chhiah a awm hmasa ber a ni a. Mizoram bikah chuan chhinchhiahna kan

hmuh theih hmasak ber chu kum 1881 kuma Thingtam kha a ni. Tichuan, kum 1928-

1929 leh 1976-1977 khan a rawn thleng leh a. Tin, Mautam hi kum 1911 ah leh 1958-

1959 kumah te a rawn thleng bawk a. Kan hma lawk kum 2006-2007 hian mau hi tam

leh tura rin a ni. Heng a tam tawhna kum atang te hian heti hian a chhut theih a.

Thingtam a tanga kum 30 naah Mautam a lo thleng a, hemi Mautam atanga kum 18

naah Thingtam hi a rawn thlen leh ta thin a ni.

Thingtam -1881:

Colonel E.R.Elles, Asst.Quartermaster General chuan ‘Military Report on the Chin

Lushai Hills country, 1881’ a a ziak dan chuan, kum hmasa (1880) a mau rah tlan a

puang ta Sazuin buh an she nasat avangin Tam a tla nasa a, Cachar atanga buhfai

quintal 6060 leh buhhum quintal 740 vel chawkluh a nih thu bakah, British Sawrkar in

tam dawm nan Rs 1240/- an sen thu te, tin,kum 1882 ah erawh chuan khawsak a lo

pangngai leh tak thute a ziaka.

Heta tanga kan hriat thei tak a chu ,Kum 1880 hi Sazu in buh a she kum niin,

kum 1881 chu Tam kum a ni tih hi a ni.

Mautam -1911:

Kum 1909 leh 1910 ah thangnang rual Mizoramah a rawn puang chiam mai a,

mahse heng Thangnang rualte hian buh leh thlai an khawih lo.

Kum 1910 ah Mautam chu khawchhak lam, Tuipui leh Tuirini inkarah rawn

intanin Sazu in buh an seh tan a. Kum 1911 a lo thlen chuan Mizoram puma Mautak ho

zawng zawng chu rawn tam in Sazu an rawn puang ta a. Sazuin Maurah an eizawh

chuan , favang lamah, buh kung lamah tuan zuiin , buh an seh ta chiam mai a ni.

Sawrkarin Sazu suat beihpui a huaihawtna atangin Sazu mei 1,79,015 lai

sawrkarah thlen a ni a. Tin, sawrkarin phai lam atangin buh a tawlh lut a, heng buh

tawlh luh senso atan hian Cheng Nuaih 5 chuang sen a ni tih Superintendent , Lushai

Hills Administration report, 1913-14 ah ziak a ni.

Thingtam- 1929:

Kum 1929 ah hian ruahtui a nasat em avangin June thla tirah tuilian leh leimin

nasa tak Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah a lo thleng a. ‘Minpui Kum’ tih phah hial

khawpin lei a min nasa a ni.

Favang a lo intan chuan Sazu in buh an rawn seh ta a. Tichuan, kum 1929 chu

Sazu in buh a seh kum lo niin, kum 1930 chu tam kum a lo ni ta a.

Kum 1911 kuma Mautam ang em chuan sawrkar tan chetna tham a thleng lo a,

tin, kum 1928 ah Sazu in buh an seh loh avangin buh hlui a tam a, mipui pawh an

mangang lutuk lo nia hriat a ni.

Mautam -1959

Kum 1954 ah Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah Rawte a Tam a(a rah hi mau tak

rah ang tak, mahse mautak rah aia te zawk a ni.). Kum 1956 ah chuan Phulrua a rawn

tam leh a, Mamit tlangdungah a nasa zual bik a hriat ani.

Kum 1957 ah mautak chu hmun hrang hrangah a rah hmuh tur a awm chho tan

a, mahse sazu an la puang nasa lo .

Kum 1958 ah chuan Tuirini lui chin chhak lam zawng zawngah mau chu a rawn

Tam rual ta thup a, Kum 1959 a lo thlen chuan Mautam hian ram pum a rawn tuam ta

a. Favang thla chho atangin Sazu hian buh an seh tan ta a ni. Tam do pawl hmuh dan

chuan thlawhhma 100 a 80 (80%) hlawhchham angin an chhut a ni.

Ram pawn atangin buhfai quintal Nuaih 2 chuang zet chawk luh a ni a. Buhfai

bakah hian Sawrkar atangin tanpuina chi hrang hrang dawn a ni a. Tam kum ber, kum

1960 ah chuan buhfai lamah harsa lutuk lo a tlingtlak a ni ta a ni.

Thingtam -1977

Kum 1975 kum hian Tripura lamah Rawthing a Tam a, Sazu a puang nasa tih

thawm hriat a ni a. Kum 1976 a lo thlen chuan Langkaih dung zawng zawng tih

theihah Rawthing chu rawn tam in, Tripura lam atangin Sazu rual , Mizoramah an lo

lut niin ngaih a ni. Mahse Rawthing tamna hmun hi khawthlang lam a nih deuh bik

avangin a zia a la awm a. Favang chho ah chuan hmun tam takah Sazu in buh a seh thu

hriat a ni a.

Kum 1977 ,July thlaah khan Aizawl leh Lungdai hmunah Khauchher/Khausep

(Long horned grasshopper/Katydids) a puang chiam mai a, mahse buh bei chi an nih

loh avangin pawi an khawih lo.

Kum 1977, favang chhoah chuan Sazu rualin buh an khawih tih hmun hrang

hrang atangin hriat a ni a, amaherawhchu, Thingtam hmasa zawk ang bawkin, Mautam

kum ang em em chuan a nasa lo a ni. Hei hi a chhan chu, sawrkar leh mipui te

hmalakna vang a tih theih ang.

Sawrkar remtihna in State Level Rodent Control Committee chu kum 1975,

February thla khan din a ni a. Hemi Committee hmalakna hnuaiah hian Sazu suat hna

thawh a ni. Tam do Pawl record a a lan danin, kum 1976 chhung khan Sazu 5,53,045

thah a niin, kum 1977 chhung khan 26,16,616 thah a ni.

Mautam (2006-2007) lo thleng tur laka Agriculture Department hmalakna te :

Dr.A.M.K. Mohan Rao, Roden Specialist, Ministry of Agriculture , Govt. of India

hnen atanga thurawn angin , State Level Roden Controll Committee , Govt. Of Mizoram

chuan , kum 2006-2007 chhunga Mautam lo thleng tura rin lakah , hetiang hian, kum

2001 atang khan ,hma a la chho mek zel a. Mizoram chhung bika Rodent Control hna

hi Department Of Agriculture, Mizoram kuta dah a nih avangin , hemi Department hian

he hna hi a kengkawh mek zel a ni.

1. Mau a sehsam, a rahna hmunte zawh chhuah a, chunglai hmuna Sazu

inthlahpung mai thei tur lo thlithlai leh a tul anga a suat hna thawh.

2. Hmun hrang hranga sazu nungchang ngaihven leh a tihrem hna thawh.

3. Sazu chungchanga inzirtirna tlangau pui.

4. Tualchher thang hmanga sazu suat.

5. Sazu tur hmanga sazu suat.

‘B’ SAZU LEH AN NUNGCHANG TLANGPUI

1. Nungcha ho zinga an dinhmun : Sazu thlah ho hi Rodents tia hming vuah

an ni a. Nungcha zir mi ho hian khawvela thil nung ho hi hlawm lian tak tak 2 ah

an thendarh a, chung chu plants (thlai ho) leh animals (Nungcha ho ) an ti a.

Tichuan, Animals an tih ho zinga hnungzang ruh nei chi ho hi Chordata tiin an

vuah a. Heng hnungzangruh nei ho hi thendarh lehin, chung thendarh zinga

anmahni no hnute tuia chawm thin ho leh thisen lum nei ho hi Mammalia tiin,

mammalia ho chu Rodentia tia then tet leh an ni a. Rodentia ho zingah hian

Rodents ho hi an awm a ni.

2. An hming awmzia : Rodents tih chu thumal pahnih Ro leh dent tih atanga

lak a ni a. Ro tih chu thil chip/ thil seh tihna niin, Dent tih chu ha tihna a ni.

Tichuan Rodents (Sazu thlah ho) chu Nungcha, an ha hmanga thil chip/seh reng

thin ho tiin kan sawi thei ang.

3. An ha pianhmang : Sazu thlah ho hi an ha to dan a danglam bikin,

rannung dangte lakah hriat hran an awlsam em em a. Chu chu, an ha hmai hi a

chung lam leh a hnuai lamah 2 ve ve chauh a awm a, tin, ha uingho leh ha pui te

an neilo a, hapui erawh chu a chunglamah leh a hnuai lamah 3(+3) ve ve an nei

a ni. (Amaherawhchu, a bik takin, sazu thlah ho zinga tel ve Hleimualrang

(squirrel) erawh hi chuan ha hmai hi 3 ve ve an nei thung). Tin, an ha hmai hi a

danglam leh em em mai bawk a, chu chu, nitin hian 0.4 mm in a thang a, kum

khat chhung chuan 12.5 cm (5inch. vel) laiin a thang thei thin tihna a nih chu.

Hetia an ha hmai a than duh em em avang hian thil an seh reng emaw, an chip

reng emaw a ngai ta thin a , chuvang chuan an hming pawh hi an put zawh hle a

ngai a ni. Tin, an ha hmai hi a pian a fuh loh a, a chung leh a hnuai a in hmuh dik

tawk loh phei chuan, an ha hi thang zelin, a kual kawm a, an thluak te pawh a

han chhun pawh thei hial thin a ni.

4. Chi hrang awm zat : Sazu thlah ho hi chi hrang tam tak an awm a.

Mammalia ho zingah hian a tam ber an niin, za zela 42 hi an awh a. Khawvel

pumah hian hriat theih tawh chinah, chi hrang 2700 (Species) chuang an awm

tawh a ni. Sazu thlah ho zinga a te ber chu Pygmy mice an tih 5gms leka rit niin,

a lian ber erawh chu Capybara an ti a, 70kg laia lian an ni. Sazu thlah ho hi

khawihmunah pawh hmuh tur an awm a. A then chu leichhungah an khawsak

ber laiin, a thente erawh chu lei chhungah an cheng ngailo a. A then thlalera an

khawsak laiin , tui chhunga an hun tam zawk hmang an awm bawk a . Tam takin

engkim an ei theih laiin a thente chuan rannung eibik neiin emaw , pa lam chi

chauh ei thinte an awm bawk a ni. Hetiang annih avang hian Sazu thlah ho

zawng zawngte hian thlai an tichhe vek chuang lo a, mihring tana tangkai tak tak

te pawh an awm ve tho a ni. Thlai tichhetu hi chu Sazu thlah ho zinga za zela 5

atanga 10 inkar chauh an ni thung a ni.

5. Sazu thlah ho zinga thlai tichhe thin tu te : Mizoramah hian Sazu thlah

ho zinga thlai tichhe thintu hi chi hrang 4 in an then thei a. Chungte chu :-

1) Sazu leh Chaichim (Rats and Mice) - Muridae

2) Bui/Bui pui (Bamboo rats) - Rhizomyidae

3) Thehlei/Chepa (Squirrels) - Sciuridae & Pteromyidae

4) Sakuh (Porcupines) - Hystricidae

An pianphung hi hetiang hian a then theih a-

1) Sazu leh Chaichim : An meiah phuhlip a awm a, tin, hmul tih

tham a awm ngai lo. Amaherawhchu , a thenah erawh chuan an mei

hmawrah hmul buk leih a awm thei bawk.

2) Bui /Bui pui : An mei a tawi in, phuhlip a awm lo a, tin, hmul

tihtham a awm lo.

3) Thehlei/Chepa : A mei a buk, hmul a tam.

4) Sakuh : Mei buk leh khawng zum tak an nei.

Heng chi hrang 4 te hi thlai hmelma an nih laiin sazu leh Chaichim te hi a

chimawm ber te chu an ni.

6. Sazu nungchang :

- Nikhat chhungin ek tlang 25 atanga 150 an thlauh thin.

- Nikhat chhungin 15 ml. atanga 25ml. an zung thin.

- Nikhat chhungin hmul 5,00,000 vel an titla thin.

- Kum 1 atanga kum 1 ½ chhung an dam ber.

- Ni 45 a upa an nihin no an pai tan thei.

- Ni 21 chhung no an pai thin

- Tum khatah no 6 an hring ber a, mahse no 1 atanga 20 inkar pawh a ni thei.

- Kum khat chhungin vawi 4 atanga vawi 6 inkar no an hring thei.

Amaherawhchu, eitur an hnianghnar chuan vawi 11 pawh no an hring thei a,

chumi awmzia chu no an hrin hlimin an hur leh nghal thei a ni.

- Rawng an hre hrang lo a,an mit hmuh a fiah vak lo ,mahse daihlim erawh chu an

hre hrang thei.

- An rim hriat theihna te,an thil eite, an khawihte leh an beng hriatna te a tha em

em a ni.

- Bang hrul emaw, kawng tum bik emaw an zawh duh ber.

- Thehlei angin thil zawh an awlsam em em.

- Tui an hleuh thei hle.

- Chaw tello in ni 3 chhung an dam thei a, tui erawh chu darkar 4 atanga darkar 6

inkarah an mamawh reng thung.

- Nikhatah chaw 50gms atanga 60gms an ei thei.

- Sazu 6 in puitling pakhat ei ang zat chaw an ei thin.

- Sazu 35 in bawngpui eizat chaw an ei thin.

- Mihringah natna chi 35 lai an pudarh thin.

- An zun leh ek te leh an hmul tla in bungrua leh ei leh in tur a ti bawlhhlawh thin.

- An chenna hmuna thil thar lo awm lakah an ti thin (neophobia).

7. Sazu laka inven dan :

- Khawsak thianghlim leh fai a pawimawh. Sazu ho hian tawphnawk leh tlan tur

chaw an neih that chuan an inthlah pung chak a. Chuvangin, buhzem te, ran

chaw, vawk chaw leh ar chaw kan dahna bawm te hi sazu lut theilo tura siam

hian an pung tur a ven theih a ni.

- Lo leh huana kan vau te hi hnawmhnawka vawm hnawk loh hram nisela. A theih

ang tawk a faia vawn tum hram hram tur a ni. Tin, thlawhlaia kan hnawmhnawk

paihna thleng hian fimkhur tur a ni.

- Thlam leh chhekin banah chingal thlawrna bel anga khawr, rangva/alluminium

phek, lei atanga feet 3 aia hniam lo in, a letling zawnga vuah hian, sazu chu

thlam/ chhekin chhunga a lo lut tur a dan theih a ni.

- Tualchher thang chi hrang hrang hman a tha. Vaithang hi a hlawhtling ber pawl

a ni. Tin, daitheua thang chi hrang hrang kam hi a sawt thei bawk .

- Dai theu a, awt kam hi ram hrang hrangah enchhin a ni tawh a. Tha hle a hriat a

ni. A chhan chu,thang a per a, kam that fo ngai thin ang hi a awm ve lo a. Awt

chu thir len rinawm taka siam hi a tha ber a, Tin, a hung a hung kual hi a tha leh

zual a hriat a ni.

- Meikhu hmanga an kaw ur hi thil sawt tak pakhat a ni. Hmun remah te phei

chuan Motor khu hmanga ur mai hi thil awlsam a nihna lai a awm thei a ni.

- Tur hmangin, khawtlangin emaw, zau khat in emaw, a huho in sazu chu hrai tur

a ni. Chhungkaw 2/1 lekin a hmalak hian a sawt tak tak thei lo a. Sazu thah

remna hmun ruakah chuan a bul hnaia sazu ho te chu an rawn lut leh mai thin a

ni.

PANHNAH NATNA

J.Rothanga

SMS (Soil Con.)

D.A.O Office ,Aizawl

Zoram hmun hrang hrangah Panhnah chingtute tana harsatna lian ber chu

‘Panhnah lawng/pul hri’ hi a ni awm e. He natna hi “Foot-Rot” (wilt or leaf-rot) tia hriat

a ni a, a thlentu hrik chu Phytophthora paradisica var piperina Dast. a ni.

A lo lan tan dan : A tirah a hnah a lo eng tan a, a zikno a thlep a, chumi hnuah a kung

pumin a eng a, a lo ro thin. A zung lam pawh a tawih vek thin. Fur ruahtui tam laiin a

hluar duh bik. A hnahah a val/ durh angin a lang chhuak thei bawk. A tlangpuiin a hnah

chang leh bul lam hnaih emaw lei lam dek pha chinah a nasa zual duh bik.

A ven dan :

1) A hmasa berin panhnah chi lak dawnin fimkhur hle tur a ni. A chi lak dawnin

hrui/kuang khat atangin a ler lam zel lak tur a ni a. A chi pakhat hi feet 1 ½ -2

zela sei nise, hrui/ kuang khat a tangin a ler lam atanga la tanin tang thum (3

cuttings) bak lak loh tur a ni. A kung bul chang lam hian natna a do thei lo bik a,

chuvangin lak loh tur a ni.

2) Panhnah chi phun turte chu Bodeaux Mixture (2:2:50) ah phun hmain darkar

khat chiah tur a ni. Bordeaux Mixture (2:2:50) siam dan chu hetiang hi a ni. :

Copper Sulphate - 1kg

Slaked lime (chinai thi) - 1kg

Tui - 25 litres.

3) A theih hram chuan panhnah phunna tur khurah Bordeaux Mixturen (4;4:50)

chak zawka siamin leih tur a ni. Hetiangin siam ila-

Copper Sulphate - 2 kg

Slaked Lime - 2 kg

Tui - 25 Litres.

4) Panhnah lawng /pul hi a lang hmasa a piang chu pawt phawi vek la, halral

emaw huan mawng hla taka emaw paih bo tur a ni. A hnah durh apiang pawh

lawrkhawmin halral vek ang che. A la veilo zingah phei chuan tih tlak miah loh

tur a ni.

5) A theih chuan panhnah te hi zam kang ngei tura siam nise. Tin, a lei lam hnaih

feet 1 tal chu hnah awm lo tura mal kawlh vek tur a ni. A hnuai lama hnah ten

leia an deh hian natna a inkai awlsam bik a ni.

Bordeaux Mixture hi enge ni ?:

Bordeaux Mixture hi thlai natna venna damdawi siam chhuah zinga a upa ber

pawl a ni a, kum 1885 vel bawr atanga hman tan daih tawh a ni. Copper leh chinai thi

leh tuisik chawhpawlh atanga Bordeaux Mixture hi siam chhuah a ni.

Copper Sulphate leh Chinai hi Horticulture Department in lei mai theihin an nei

reng a, mamawh tan pan mai tur a ni. Amaherawhchu , a buatsaih/siam dan hi uluk

deuh a ngai thung.

Hetiang hian siam ang che. A hmasa berin Plastic bawm emaw bucket emaw

pathum nei la, tichuan , Copper Sulphate leh chinai hi bawm/tin hran ve ve ah tui tlem

te nen chawh sawm phawt tur a ni. Uluk taka bawm hran ve ve a I chawh sawm vek

hnuah Bucket/ bawm pathumnaah a rual chiahin chhung lut la, uluk takin chawk

nghal ang che. He mi hnuah a vaia litre 25 tling chiah turin tui leibelh mai tur a ni . A

siamna hmanrua atan hian ‘Plastic’ atanga siam chauh hman tur a ni, Thir/Alluminium

bungbel hman loh tur a ni.

Bordeaux Mixture hi thil mawl mang tak nia a lan laiin thlai natna ven nan a

tangkai em em a. Grape natna (vutbuak) atan te, alu lawng/pul ven nan te pawh hman

theih a ni. A bik takin panhnah pul/ lawng ven nan hian damdawi dang inkawhhmuh

tur a la awm chuang lo . Panhnah ching tute chuan Copper Sulphate leh chinai hi neih

reng a, a chunga tarlan ang hian kah fo mai nise, sum I seng deuh a nih pawhin I thlai a

lo hrisel ang a, hlawkna I hmu pha tho ang.

SERTHLUM MAWLH MAI HI !!

Khawtinthanga Ralte A.E.O .(Rtd.)

Dinthar ,Aizawl , Ph.No 2325771

Serthlum hi Mizoram thei chin ho zingah chuan thei tui ber pawl, man man

bawk si, chhungkaw dinchhuah theihna a ni. Kum 1959 Mautam hma lamte kha chuan

Zoramah pawh a la hrisel tha viau a,hun lokal zelah mi tam takin kan han ching a,

hrisel tawk lohna neiin hmun tam taka phei chuan an tam rem thak thak ta mai a.

Tunah tak phei chuan an ching duh ta bar lo ni hialin a lang. Hengte han ngaihtuah

vang vang hian an lo hrisel that chuan thei chin manhla tak, Zopa tan dinchhuahna ve

ber turte a nih dawn avangin hrisel ngei tur leh hlawk ngei tura mithiamte ruahmanna

chi hrang hrang lakkhawmin hetiang dung zuia kan chin ve hun tawh hle a ka hriat

bawk avangin a mamawh turte tangkaipui theih dan tur bera ka ngaihin, rawn tur ang

ang rawnin ka han buatsaih a ni.

Mizo tawnga dah theih miah loh tawng dang leh hming tam tak a awm a, hengte

hian min tibuai lovin a tum tlangpui kan hriat atangin kan mamawh leh hman turte chu

mithiam tam tak kan nei tawh a ,a tul dan anga rawn chawp mai tur a ni.

Serthlum hi ram hrang hrang tropical leh sub-tropical ramah an lo piang chhuak

a, khawvel ram hrang hrangin an lo ching darh zel a. Japan ram te hi a ching uar ram a

ni a. Khawvel hian kumtin 5,06,30,000 MT. Ser Chi hrang hrang atangin an thar

chhuak thin.

India ram pawh hian Ser chi hrang hrang an ching uar ve hle a. 14,800 hectare a

zauvah 17,000 mt. kum tin an thar chhuak . Serthlumah hian Vitamin C leh A .

Thiamine, Riboflavin leh Niasin, taksain a mamawh em em hi a pai hnem hle tihna a

nih chu.

Kan ram hi tlangram a ni a, chu bakah Tropic Of Cancer in kan ram laili takah a

tantlang a. Hetiang ram hi mithiam te chuan thlai leh thei tui tha tha chin theihna leh

that duhna ram an lo tih thin a ni leh nghal a, kan vannei hle a ni. Hetiang hi kan ram

dinhmun a nih mek laiin kan rama dan leh kan enkawl dan hrim hrim hian a zir ngang

loh avangin mi tam tak an beidawng tawh a, chung avang chuan ching chhin duh pawh

an awm ta mang lo ni berin a lang. Serthlum tiak kan phun , a chang changa kan samfai

a, lo rah kur ngiai nguai tura kan suangtuah ringawt mai hi chu a ramhlui zia lutuk

tawh a ni. Chuvangin, ngaihtuahna thar hmangin tam tak chin tum ringawt lovin, kan

enkawl that theih tawk tur chauh chingin System tharin tan lak a hun ta e.

Tuna kan tihdan pangngai ang ringawt hi chuan ching ching nawnin tar kun

khup bih thleng pawhin ching mah ila ‘ ka tahna ram reng a zau ta, Khawvelah hian

vakvai ka ni’ tih hi kan hmabak a ni mai.

Hetiang taka thei hlu, man man si, hralhna lungngaihthlak siloh (kan chinna

hmun a zirin) rah duh si, kan enkawl danin a zir ngang siloh avanga hri eng engemaw

vei a, a lo hnawng ta viau mai hi a pawi tak zet zet a ni.

Ram leilung leh Boruak :

Serthlum hi Mizoram hmuntin deuhthawah hian a chin theih mai a. Phai nisa

lutuk leh zotlangsang lutuk erawh hi chuan that tawk lohna an nei zel a. Chuvangin

puallawi, zokai lam deuh hlek, boruak dai, chhuahchhawng ramah ching thei ila

duhthusam a ni ang. Kan serthlum phunna bulthut tur zawl tlem siamsak a, chutah

chuan a khur tur feet 2 ½ a zau laiin feet 16 dan zelah a khur siam hi a tawk viau.

Tichuan hectare khatah kung 400 vel a awm thei , tin hmun (acre khat) ah kung 160

vel a awm thei.

Phun hun tha :

Mizoram tan phun hun tha ber chu ruahtui awm hma kum chuan May thlaa

phun tur a ni. Chumai bakah June thlaah chuan phun ngei tur . A bul nghet taka tih a,

tui tling theih hauh lo tura siam tur a ni.

Leitha leh Fertilizer :

Khur tinah a hnuaia leitha leh Fertilizer leh lei chunglang huikhawm

chawhpawlh a, khur hnawhkhah nan hman tur a ni.

NB: Heta tarlan ang leitha tihngaihna kan hre ngang lo a nih chuan, Serthlum khur leh

khur inkara lei chunglang tha huikhawm, khur hnawh nan hman ngei tur. A theih hram

chuan tarlan ang hi an mamawh tam lo bawk a, hman tum ngei a tha. Hei hi khur khat

zela hman tur a ni.

Tihian , Kum 7 na atang chuan a ngai renga pek chhoh zel tur a ni a. A kung a len

chhoh dan ang zela a kung atanga feet ½ a hla atanga feet ½ hla a pek tur a ni a. A buk

(a zar) in a khuh phak ang chin vel thlenga dim tak leh tichhe lo tura chelh hnan tur a

ni. Tin, leithaa pek tur kan tarlan te kha tum hnih , February leh March ah a hmasa

zawk pek tur a ni a. September-October ah a hnuhnung zawk kan pe tur a ni. Tin, Ser

te an lo puitlin hnuah phei chuan green Manuring (hnim lei tithatu) hmangin heng

leitha dang kan tarlante hi kan thlak leh thei a ni. Hei hi thil man tlawm leh tha tak a ni.

( Agril. Handbook)

Serthlum kung puitling hian a tlangpuiin 40,000 atanga 80,000 vel par an

chhuah ber thin a. Nimahsela , za zelah 1 ½ atanga 2 ½ ( 1 ½ % to 2 ½ %) vel chauh hi

a neitu in a rah a chang thin a ni. Chumi awmzia chu a neitupain kung khatah a rah 600

atanga 1000 chauh singli parnaah a chang a, tin, pakhat zawkah hian 1200 atanga

2000 vel chauh a chang thin a ni. Hei hi a neitu ten a enkawl dan tur anga kan enkawl

loh vang maia chang tlem kan ni.

Samfai : Kan samfaina hnimte hi nipui/fur lai chuan ser bulah kan dah tur a nilo.

Heng hnawk dahkhawmah hian rannung huatthlala ho inthlah punna remchang a

siamsak a, kan thei phun tan hmelma an chang mai a ni. Thlasik khawro atang hi chuan

rannung an inthlah pung lova, kan hnim samte thei kung bulah kan dah tawh zawk tur

a ni. Theikung bul atanga hnawng thawhchhuak tur venghimtu an ni zawk a ni.

Venhimna: Kan tarlan tak tam takte kha a hautakin a buaithlak tawh tehreng nen

(Kan tihdan naran atanga khaikhinin). Serthlumte an himdama, kumtina hlawk taka a

neitu tan a hlawkna ni tham tur chuan kan sawi leh tur hi a la pawimawh ta deuh deuh

a ni. Leitha tawk kan pek theih loh avanga a rah tha thei lote, natna chi hrang hrang

beihna avanga an hrisel lo leh an thih mang thak thak theih bakah , khawlum nasa tuar

lo hian an thi nasa em em tih hi hriat hmasak atana pawimawh tak a ni.

Phun sawn hlim an nih lai atangin nisa an tuar tan a, kum 8-10 velah an rawn

rah chhova, kum 15-20 velah chuan an rah a tha viau tawh a, a neitu tan pawh chhawr

nahawm tak a ni tawh a. Amaherawhchu, kan ser te hian lei hnuai hnawng atangin

chaw an la a, a kungah, a tangah, a hnah , hmawr thlengin, lei atanga tui an lak chuan a

fan kual reng a ngai a. Serthlum hawng hi , thil pan te a ni a. Tunah tak phei chuan

Ozone Layer pawp tih vangte pawh a ni fahmiang, khua hi a sa em em mai a, abul

atanga a zik hmawr thlenga tui/chaw in supply tur kha an kaltlang tha thei lova , chung

avang chuan kum alo tam deuh deuh a, a kung pumin an thi fai leh mai thin a ni.

Hengte hi a awmlohna tur chuan daihlim(shade) siamsaktu an mamawh em em tih

hriat tur a ni. Ser kung leh ser kung inkarah anmahni aimaha sang zawk thing kan zuah

tur a ni. Chu chuan a ti daihlim anga, kan serte chu an lo hrisel zawk dawn a ni. Hei

hian ngaw karah serthlum kan va phun tur tih sawina nilovin ni khat chhungin, a

changin ni eng a hmu anga, a changin daihlim a hmu tur tihna a ni.

Serhuan tur kan buatsaih reng reng dan hi a letling zawngin kan lo bei thin niin

a lang. A bul tan thar tur tan chuan ran dai deuh tlangpang chhuah chhawng

ramhnuaia kan va thlan kha vat fai mai lovin, a hnuai zawng zawng thlawhfaiin,

Serthlum kung tidaihlim tawk tur ang thing zuah nghal tur a ni. A tul lo chin ti ngaw

chhet ang erawh chu kih tho tur a ni. Chumi ramhnuai thelhah chuan ser chu a kar

inhlat zawng kan sawi ang khan kan va phun tawh mai tur a ni. Tin, tuna Serthlum rah

thei tawh , la tam lo ( la hrisel) te, rah dawn mek te kan nei a, a hmun hlanga kan siam

a nih chuan kan serthlum tidaihhlim hma turin balhla te emaw a awm remchan loh

chuan changel te pawh thil thangduang an ni a, khaw sa lutuk atanga chhan nan phun

nghal vat nise, a tam tur pawh a chhan ngei ang. Tin, heng balhla leh changel te hi a

kung a sang ve tak tak lova, chumi chhawk tu tur Eucalyptus thing thang duang tak hi

phun ve nghal nisela, serthlum kung aia an san deuh hnuah a tawk chauhin thlak then

leh mai thin nisela. Amaherawhchu, ni eng lut theilo leka thing kan zuah tam chuan an

rah tha thei dawn lo tih hriat tel tur a ni a. Hetianga fimkhur taka kan tih a, kan enkawl

chuan ‘a tam zo’ kan tih fo hi a reh ngei chu ka beisei. Ka zinna tam taka ka sawinaah

pawh, mi tam tak serthlum tam sawi te chuan, tuna ka sawi anga thingkung emaw,

theiria kung emaw in a lo hliah deuhte chu tam lovin a dang zawng zawng chu a tam

deuh vek tih report pawh hmun tam takah ka dawng a ni. Engpawhnisela, samfai that

si, an la hrisel that lai chuan kungkhatah rau rau, an rah chu a tam zawk ngei a.

Amaherawhchu, tuna ka sawi ang, zarhlimtu siam hian kum khat rah tlem zawk mahse,

an rah hun chhung a rei a, a neitu tan a manhla a ni. A tihdan tur dik taka kan tih thlap

chuan kan pute pu leh chhawng lo phun te pawh kan lo reng mai dawn a ni.

A tiak phun sawn tur hrim hrim pawh hi kan duhtui lo hle . A theih hram chuan

January thla vela a kung hrisel atanga a rah hmin mu hi khawl ila , in bulah uluk takin

kui ve mai ila, phun sawn a lo hunah pawh hmun awl nei tan chuan feet 1 dan lek

lekah phun sawn leh mai ila, hmun zimte ah uluk takin mahni phun tur chu kan

chawm lian anga, mihring chen vel a nih hnuah a hmun turah kan sawn lut anga,reilo

deuhah an rah mai dawn a ni. Thlawhlaia kan phun tan ngawt mai hi I sim phawt mai

teh ang .

Serthlum rah tlak zual lai hi a hnuai a mi ang hian Scientist Steward & klatz

chuan an sawi :

1. A parin a rah a chhuah tantirh te ah.

2. A rahin marble tia vel a rawn nih chhoh lai june thla nipui boruak a lo lum chhoh

hunlaiin.

3. A rah hmin dawn ,a en tirhah.

Hetiang tho hian Scientist dang Hafiz, Naidu leh Nariyal te pawh hian an report

bawk.

Tin, rannung leh natna hrik bakah Coit leh Hudgon te chuan boruak a lo lum viau a,

temperature a lo san a, hnawng a tlem si hian thei rah a tla duh an ti. Lei a that tawk

loh avangin theirah a tla duh bawk a. Ca (Calcium) leh Zn (Zinc) element te leilunga an

tam tawk loh chuan ser kung leh hnahin a tuar a, a parte pawh a tang to bik a ni.

Zoram leilung hi Agriculture tawnga thlur tehna 4.5-5.2SP vel lai a ni a. ( Hei hi leithur

tak a ni.) . Lei a thur viau chuan Calcium leh Zinc leh leitha dang , leia awm ang ang

kha thlaiin a ei thei lova, hei hian a zikchhuak a ti chawrche in a hnahte zung hrual nei

ang maiin , hnah puitling pawh intiat mumal lovin, a lo eng tuar a , a rah pawhin a tet

phah hle thin. Calcium leh Zinc tam loh avangin a rah tla a awm thei bawk a, ser pawr

hnun leh rah hnun inhnekna lai cell a lo puam a, hei hi auxin hormones tam tawk loh

vang a ni. Tichuan a par emaw, a rah emaw a tla thin a, hei hi Calcium leh Zinc serin a

mamawh tawk a hmuh loh vang a ni.

Zinc: Zinc tlakchham chuan a hnah a te bik a, a hnah hmawrte a zum zak a, a

hnah a en hnuah rei vak lovah a hnah chu a til thin. Chuta tang chuan a rovin a zui a,

leitha hmanga enkawl vat a nih loh chuan natna dangin a kaihhnawih a, a thi mai thin.

A ven nan Zinc Sulphate in a hnah a chawrna laiah kah tur a ni. Hei bakah Ziaram/

Diathane Z-78 a kah tur a ni.

Copper: Hei hi zinc leitha kan tih ang tho (Micro nutrient) kan tihte zinga mi

a ni. Ser in hetiang leitha a tlakchham chuan a kungpui kawr a dung zawngin a kak a,

heta tang hian thil ban hnai ang tak a hnam chhuak thin. A kung bakah a nasatnaah

chuan a rahte pawh hmuh tur a awm thin. A ven nan Copper Oxychloride emaw ,

Bordeaux mixture –a kah tur a ni.

Manganese: Hetiang leitha duh khawp loh avang hian ser hnah zinc tlakchham

avanga lo lanchhuah dan ang deuhin a lo eng a, mahse a hnah erawh chu a teh phah lo .

Manganese sulphate in a hnah chawrno laia kah tur a ni. Hetiang hi a awm remchang lo

a nih chuan micro nutrient mixture a kah mai tur a ni.

Thlai chawpui pawimawh leh thlai chaw tenau chi hrang hrang kan sawi tawh a.

Tunah chuan a hri venna kan sawi thung anga, ngun taka ngaihtuah a ngai a ni.

Natna hrik tlanglawn deuhte :

1. A kung leh zar hnai - Gummosis natna - Parasitica

2. A hnah tla - Leaf fall-Anthrachnose- Glaeosparoides

3. A vutbuak - Powdery Mildew - Oiduim Citri

4. A hnah bal - Sooty Mould - Capnodium sp

Hengte bakah rannung leh hrik nilo. Sik leh sa boruak lo danglam hret hret avanga

serkung thisen zam leh awmdan lo danglam avangte hian ser rah hi a tla thin a.

Chuvangin natna hrik leh rannung thahna nisilo, thlai vitamin hormone hman hi

mithiamtr chuan a venna atan an sawi uar ta hle a ni. Steward chuan 2.4-D 8 PPM velin

kah a tha ber a ti a. Scientist dang Hield chuan 2.4-D60PPM in june /July a kahin a rah

tla nasa takin a dang a ti bawk. Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IAR) Professor

Randhawa chuan damdawi dang danga a beih hnuah 2.4-D 15 PPM a that ber thu a

report bawk. Zoramah hian 2.3-D pawlhsawp tur zat thu-ah chiangkuang taka fiahna a

la awmlo nain, huan neitu ten 8.15 & 60 PPM hi kan duh dan a zira hman theih turah

ngai ila , Aureofungin 10PPM leh 2.4-D 15 PPM a kah hi a that thu report a ni bawk. (

PPM awmzia hi Part Per Million) Milligram (Mg) khat tui litre 1 pawlh hi 1PPM a ni.

(Tichuan 15 PPM chu 15 Mg tui litre 1 a pawlh tur tihna a ni. By Lalthlamuani M.Sc

Agri).

Mizoramah hian ser rah tlak nachhan ber nia kan ngaih thin chu thlangdar vang ni

berin kan hria a. Hemi venna atan chuan Thiodan 35 EC emaw, Endosulfan 35 EC-3ml.

tui litre 1 pawlhin a sen lai atangin ni 15-20 dan zelah kah thin tur a ni. Ser rah hi a sen

tantirh laiin a runpuiin a tla a, zawi zawiin a tla tlem tial tial a, a kah hunbi pawh a khat

ve tial tial tur a ni.

Ser rah leh a par tla hi Florida leh jamaica ah chuan 1990 ah daih tawh khan an lo

buaipui tawh a. Rannung bakah natna hrik zingah chuan Coiletotrichum

gloeosporioides Penz, alaesporium limetticolum Citri Faw te hi an ni.

Scientist Coit & Hudson ten research an beihnaah pawh Acitri natna hian June thla

laihawl velah ser rah a bei nasa hle tih an hmuchhuak bawk. Chutiang bawkin

Burger&Comme chuan he natna hian ser lo par atangin a bei tan a, ser sen leh par

inhnekna laiah bei tanin hun engemawchen a inchhungkhung a, tichuan ser rahin

marble a tiat velah bei tan lehin June thlaah a rah a tla thin a ni an ti. Warger pawhin

ser rah November vela tla hi thildang vang nilovin Acitri natna avanga tla a nih bakah

rannung ten ser rah an tih pem avangin chutah chuan a lo bei thin a ni. a ti bawk.

Altemaria citri bakah hian natna dang Colletotrichum gloeasporioides avangin ser rah

leh parte an tla nasa tih hi mithiamte hriat dan a ni. Hafiz Singh & Sinha, Satler, Hosein

te pawhin Trinidad ah C.gloeoporioides avangin ser rah leh parte a tlak thin thu an

report bawk . Fogan pawhin hetiang bawk hian Belize ah he natna avanga ser rah

tlak nasat thu a report bawk a ni.

Heng natna bakah hian hri dang tam tak Gloeosporcium limeticolum Phomopsis,

Drochslers cocoliobous, Fusarium oxysporum te hi ser beitu natna zualte an ni.

Heng natna kan sawi takte hian ser rah leh par a lo tlakin a lan chhuah dan an nei

hrang theuh a. Acitri hian ser par rah hnun bei tanin a chhung zung hnuaiah leh

pangahte val bial hang ang deuhin a kap a, hetianga a lo lan tawh hi chuan a pawn lam

him pual pawh hi a chhe mai thin. (Fawcett)

Colletotichum gloeosporioides hian a par laiin a bei tan ve a, a par parh leh kuhmum

te rawng dum leh buangin a kap thin. Hetiang a lo nih tawh chuan a rah sen awm ang

angte pawh a tla mai thin. Hetiang natna hi a par hunlaia a lan loh pawhin, ser rah leh

hnunah eichhe chuang lovin a awm a, a rah a lo len deuh hnu , tui a neih tan veleh a bei

leh thin a ni. Gangan a rah puitlingah chuan a pawn lamah rawng uk val angin hnuhma

a nei thin. He natna hi theihai leh thei dang te ti tla thintu a ni bawk. A bikin ser lang

tivuai a, ti thi thintu leh ti rotu a ni.

A VENNA DAMDAWI

1) Phalton 2.25% Karathane 0.1% Kirki Copper 0.3 % . Heng damdawi hmang hian

a par laiin kah tur a ni a, a bik takin Acitri natna lakah a veng a ni.

2) 2.4-D 10PPM, Aureofungin 20PPM chawhpawlha kah tur a ni. A par laiin vawi 2

tal, ni 7 danah kah nise, chumi hnuah a rahin marble tiat a nih thlengin ni 15

danah kah tur a ni. Hei hian natna hrik leh sik leh sa , leitha hmuh mumal loh

avanga vitamin a lo tlakchham avanga a par leh rah tla a veng dawn a ni.

3) Natna hri Colletotrichum gloeosporioides avanga ser par leh rah tla hi Dithane

M-45 @0.25 in ni 14 kardanah, a par lai atanga kah tur a ni. He damdawi bakah

hian Bavistin 50% WP leh Blixtox@0.3% a kahin ser rah nasa takin a chhan thei.

4) Alternaria citri leh Collectotrichum gloeosporioides avanga ser rah tla hi

Aureofungan leh Bordeaux mixture 1% a kah tur a ni bawk.

5) Rannung (insect) avanga rah tla chu Thiodan /endosulfan 0.2 % emaw, systemic

insecticide hmanga kah tur a ni a. Loneitute a tanga hriat danin copur ser zarah

rim chhuak thei tura khai hi a hmantlak hle an ti bawk.

6) Zinc sulphate/Ziram /Dithane Z-78 @ 0.2% in hnah chawrno laia kah tur a ni.

ni 14 dana kah tur a ni.

7) Slaked lime (chinai thi) 41/2 Kg -9 Kgs vel ser puitling kung khat zel bul velah

lei nen chawhpawlha phul darh thin tur a ni.

8) Bordeaux Paste a ser bul leh kung chulh hi tih ngei tur a ni bawk. Hei hian

Phytothora avanga harsatna awmte a veng a ni.

A ZAR/TANG NGET ENKAWL DAN :

A kawr / hawng kertu rannung Inderbeia quarinotata. He rannung hian a

kawr/hawng a eichhia a , tichuan tui leh chaw a zar danga in pass chhawng tur a ti

bahlahin serin a chhiat phah thin. Zan lamah an beih thin avangin hmuh an har hle a,

mahse a eina nawi leh hnuhma an neih thin avangin awlsam tein a hriat theih a ni.

A VENNA : A kerna kuaah Petrol/ K.oil 5ml vel kah luh a, leibana char hnan tur, a

hmuam hma velah BHC 0.5% a kah emaw , chulh tur a ni bawk.

SER KUNG NGET (Monotionius Vesteeg)

Hei hian ser, leiseh chinah a ker deuh ber thin a. Tichuan a lairil lam a verh

thleng . A verhna/hreuhna kuaah Petrol/K.Oil /Carbondi-Sulphate 5ml. kah luh a, lei

bana char tur. Tin April nipui chhoh hian a tui thin avangin BHC ser bulah chulh a,a

velah theh thet thet tur, serbul leh a hliamahte an tui thin avangin , heng hunlai hian

ser bul tihfai ngun zual tur a ni. Heng damdawi kan sawi bakah hian Methyl /

Parathion emaw, endosulfan 0.05 % emaw , Carbyral 0.2 % Kah thin tur a ni.

VIRUS NATNA : Virus natna “Tristeza” virus hi ram dangah chuan ser ti tamtu leh

natna khirh khan ber, a lanchhuah danah pawh Virus a zira zawi muang tak leh rang

tak ni thei a ni. A tirah chuan a hnahte vuai deuh sulin an awm a, a hnahte a tlak

hnuah zawi zawiin a hnah hmawr a lo rova, rei rial lovin a thi mai thin . Ser kungin a lo

vei hian a zar thenkhat chu hrisel hmel takin a lang ve bawk a, a par hunlai a nih chuan

a par hnem thei hle a, a rah a tein a thur bik thin, tichuan, a kawr a lo ro va, a inkheh

filh mai thin.

A VENNA: He natna thehdarhtu ber chu rannung Texapetra Citricida a ni a,

chuvangin Virus natna ngau ngau ven tum lovin rannungte thah tur an ni. February,

March leh June thla vela Systemic Insecticide a kah thin hi thil tha a ni. Hei bakah hian

resistance root stock (Pangpurline) te hi hman a tha hle. Chungte chu

“Exocortis,Psorosis” te leh Greening natna (Mycoplama like Organism) te, a ven leh

enkawl nan , rannung thahna damdawi, hunbi nei taka kahin mumal takin a veng thei a

ni. Fungul natna avangin serthlum hi a awm thei bawk a, natna hrik dangte nen tang

hovin rei rial lovin vawi leh khatah an thi mai thin.

GUMMOSIS: (Serkung leh zar hnai pawh hi amah ngau ngau pawha ser natna

tlanglawn leh chhiat theihna chhan a ni ve .Natna hrik chikhat mai vang nilovin chi

hnih chi thum tangho an ni zawk mah. Chung natna zingah chuan Phytopthora

Paractitica hi Assam leh North Eastern ah hi chuan a chhan leh vang ber nia ngaih a ni.

Chowduri(1951) Assam ang bawkin kan Zoramah hian ruahtui a tam avangin

P.Paracitica natna a nih ve ngei a rinawm. A enkawl danah fimkhur a ngai a, ser tang

leh zarah natna a lo lan tirh veleh enkawl nghal vat vat tur a ni.

A natna hmuamhma chemte-a ziahfai tur a ni. Kan ziahna hmuamhma chu

Mercuric Chloride 0.1 % tui sen (Potasium Permanganate) emaw hnawih tur a ni. Tin,

hemi hnuah hian Aurefungin 2gm tui litre 10 a pawlhin kah tur a ni. Tin, Bavistin leh

Benlate emaw, Vitavex emaw pawh a kah nan hman tur a ni.

A ZUNG TAWIH : Natna hrik Fusarium Spp avangin ser zung a tawih thei bawk

. A chhan bulpui ber chu a kung leiah ruahtui a cham rei lutuk vang emaw, tui tlin vang

emaw , leitha pek tam lutuk vang emaw a ni thei. Hei vang hian lei chhung boruak

kalvel a lo danglam a, chu chuan natna hrik dang Diplodia leh rhizoctonia tan boruak

tha siamin natna thlentu ber Fusarium Spp. Bakah natna dang nasa takin a

kaihhnawih thin a ni.

Heng natna hian a zungpui leh zung pengte titawih a,leihnawngin a kiamsan

hnuin a lo rova, a zung kawr a pilh a, hun reilote hnuah a hnahte lo engin a thi mai thin.

A thih loh vek chuan nasa takin par a chhuah a, a rah pawh a te bik hle thin. He natna hi

ser tiakah a hluar bik a ni.

A ENKAWL DAN:

1. He natna hi a nasat tak tak hmaa hriat chhuah a nih chuan a zung thi leh thalote

chhah tur a ni. Tan chhumna hmuamhmaah Bordeaux Paste tah tur a ni.

2. Ser bul vel cheh phut hnuah SystemicFungicide emaw, Bordeaux Mixture

(5:5:50) tui leih tur a ni.

3. Urea 1kg ah tui 100 litres chawhpawlh a, a hnah leh a zarte ah tur a ni.

4. Huan samfai zawngin serkung leh a zarte tihpem loh hram hram tur a ni.

A TANG HMAWR RO/THI

A enkawl dan : A tang ro sahthlak a, Bordeaux paste tah tur a ni. Tin, Bavistin

pawhin a khat tawkin kah thin tur a ni.

HUAN ENKAWL DAN TLANGPUITE :-

1. January –March thla chhung hian samfai hman ngei tur a ni. Pat-ek leh thildang a

kungpui leh zar ro leh thil bet reng reng te tihfai vek tur. A tang ro tawh phawt

chu a hring chinah tanchhum zel tur a ni. Tan chhumna hmuamhma Bordeaux

Paste tah zel bawk tur a ni.

2. Ser bulthut lai hi tui tling thei lo tur si, leitha dah belh ti remchang tura tih zawl

tur a ni.

3. Ser puitling pakhat zelah Slaked Lime (chinai thi) 3kg. kum thum chhungin vawi

khat tal pek tur a ni. A kung bul velah lei nen darh zau deuha pawlh tur a ni.

4. June thla chhungin Micro nutrient an tih Homgs 04.2% Zinc 04.4% Cal 040.2%

tui litre 2 ah chawhpawlhin kung khat zel atan hman tur a ni.

5. Hemi thla hian a nget kua zawna a awm chuan kan sawi ang khan sawisak tur a

ni.

6. July-ah vawi 2 na atan thlawhfai tur.

7. September/October ah natna hrik, rannung damdawia kah tur a ni..

8. November leh December ah chuan hralh chhuah tawh tur a ni a. Ser rah kan

lawh zawh chuan kan ser te hi an hahin an tam chhawl nasa hle a ni tih hriat a,

an chaw tur ngaihtuah tur a ni.

Aw le, kan thuziak zawng zawng leh a hmingte hi hriat si se a harsain a tul vek

kherlo pawh a ni maithei. Amaherawhchu, kan huan bik theuh atana pawimawh hi

chhinchhiahin, a tul dan angin kan mithiam zawkte pawh rawn kan taima ve tur a

ni. Japan thufing chuan, “ I thil tih tur hrechiang la, mi hmachhawn ngam rawh” an ti

a ni. Chutiang chuan kan thiltih tura pawimawh turte ka hrechiang hmasa anga ,

chu chuan hlawhtlinna min thlen thei ang. Tirhkoh Paula chuan Tita hnenah ,” Kan

mite chu tlakchham an neih ngai lohna turin hna tangkai thawka inhmang turin fuih

la, an awm mai mai tur a ni lo” a ti a ni.(Tita 3:14)

Keini Kristian ho tan phei chuan kan thu laimu lak tur a ni a. Heng hna tangkai

kan thawh theihna tur hian sorkar thiltihtheihna kan mamawh tawlh tawlh a. Kan

serte an lo that a, an lo hrisel a, a chingtute hlawkna pe tak tak tur chuan thlai

chawpui kan sawi takte, thlai chaw tenau(Micro Nutrient) kan sawite, damdawi chi

hrang hrang kan ser ten an mamawh em em leh inkaihhruaina thate hi sorkar a

chet loh chuan huan neituin han tihngaihna vak a awm lo. Chuvangin, man chanve

emawa lei awm reng turin economic independence mitinte choka thleng phak min

duhpui a nih hrim chuan heng pawimwh ho hi sorkarin a ngaihtuah a, a neih reng

hi mipuite laka a bat tlat niin ka hria. Kan ram lei a thur a, thlai ten chaw an ei that

theih loh phah a, hengte hi neitu/huan neitu ten heng atan hian chinai thi kan

mamawh em em te an ni a. Sorkar hnathawkte pawh an hamthatna umin an nuar

fova kut hnathawktute pawh hi kan mamawh kan hmuh theih loh chuan kan la nuar

ve mai ang tih pawh awl tak a ni.

He thu hi Sorkar vauna lam nilovin, hnathawktute tana pawimawh an hriat

chhuah theih nana sawi tel mai ka ni.

CROP ROTATION

By:H.Joela

S.O-Cum -S.A

Crop Rotation : Crop Rotation tih awmzia chu, thlawhhma lakna tura

huan/lo/Ram nghet buatsaihn hmunah ram leilung ti chhelo thei ang bera thlai chi

hrang hrang chin chhawk hi crop rotation tia vuah a ni.

Tlangram lo kan neih (Jhuming cultivation) ang hmuna thlai kan chin ang chi

nen hian a inang lova, Ngaihpawlh loh tur a ni. Kumtina lo kan vah thar ang hmun

nilo, thlawhhma/huan/ngheta kan siamah, lei chunglang thalai, thlai chaw awmna

tichhe lo leh paih bo lo thei ang ber tura thlai kan chin chhawk ang chi hi a ni a.

Thlai ching hoten an huan chu awmze nei taka thensawmin, kum khat(calendar

year) chhunga thlai chihnih aia tlem lo an chinna hmun hi a ni kan ti thei bawk ang.

Engvanginnge Crop Rotation hi tih a ngaih?

Crop Rotation hi kan tunlai khawvelah hian kan mamawhin , a thatzia kan hre

tan tawh a, A tulna chhan chu mihring kan pung chho zela. Ram erawh a pung lo.

Thlawhhma lakna ngelnghet a thatzia kan hre chho zela. Kan fate chhuanah hi

chuan kan tih a ngai tho tho dawn a. Kan ram neih dan(land owned system) atang

phei chuan a ngai leh zual a. Agriculture a chhungkaw chawm hote phei chuan a

thatna kan la hmuchhuak dawn chauh a ni.

Crop Rotation awmzia kan hriat fiah theih nan hetiang hian lo sawifiah dawn ila,

Kumkhat (Calendar Year- Jan-Dec) pum hlum hi Agriculture ah chuan season

(hunpui) pathumah then a ni a. Chungte chu –(a)Kharif-Nipui (March-August), (b)

Rabi- Favang(Sept-Jan), (c)Zaid- Thal khawro lai( Jan-April) te hi an ni a. Thlai kan

chin tur emaw, fur thlai , thlasik thlai emaw thala chin chi kan tih hian a bik takin, a

chi tuh hun sawi nana hman a ni mah zawk a. A chi kan tuh hun hian awmzia a neih

thui em avangin, a hunbi theuh a,a tawp lam leh a hma lutuka kan chin hian a

hlawhtlin tur ang an ni pha lo. Chuvangin an hun bi ruatah hian tih ngei a tha. Ram

changkangah chuan awmzia neia thlawhhma siam an nih avangin hmalak dan chi

hrang hrang an nei a. Chungte chu I han sawi dawn teh ang.

1) Extensive Cultivation : Kum khata thlai mal chauh an chinna hmun.

2) Intensive Farming : A ruala thlai tam tak awmze neia chin hote

3) Double Cropping : Kum khata thlai vawihnih chin thinna hmun.

4) Mixed Farming : Thlai chin bakah, Sangha khawi, Arvulh, Bawng

emw, kel emaw, Vawk emaw vulh tel ang chi hi.

5) Relay Farming : Dan naranin, thlai chin hmasak zawk

sengkhawm a nihin a dawt leh a thlai chin turte chu an lo tiak vek tawh a,

engemaw chen an lo thang hman tawh thin.

6) Multiple Farming : Hmun awl leh hun awl lai pawh neilo, huan

palah emaw, bialtlang pawh awl awm miahlo a thlai chin.

7) Truck Garden : Khawpui hnaihah leh a huan chhungah, a ramin a mamwh

dan a zirin thlai an chin hote sawina a ni a. Hralhsum atan an ching ber thin.

Commercial Farming tia sawi a ni thin bawk.

8) Multi-Storey Farming: Thlai chi hrang hrang chinna hmunah season inag

thlai te chu an chaw siamna atan an mamawh nieng an hmuh dan a zirin a rem

thin a, nizung a danglam hunah pawh indip dal lo thei ang bera ruahman a ni

thin.

9) Sunsistence Farming: Thlawhhma lak dan azawngah a chhe ber a ni.

Tlangram lo kan neih dan ang hi a ni. Inzirtir ngai lova mitin thiam a nihna leh,

thlai chi hrang hrang tuilak ni bawk hote chin thin a nihna hi a thatna

awmchhun a ni mai awm e.

10) Green House(Tuk chawp huan): Ram changkang zawkah chuan phui tak

leh tha taka hung chhuah vek niin, a chhungah thlai an ching thin a. An thlai chin

ten khawlum leh boruak an mamawh ang zel pe thei turin khawl hmanga

thunun (control) theihna siam a ni a. Dan naranin eichawp thlai, Hotel hoten an

mamawh reng ang hote hi an ching ber. Hetianga thar chhuah hi vegitable

forcing emaw forced vegitable an ti. Mithiam leh hausa deuh tan lo chuan a

harsa a. India ramah chuan hmuhtur a awm meuh lo.

Heng kan tarlan takte atang hian Crop Rotation chu kan hriat thiam ka ring.

Awmze nei tur a nih avangin ngaihfin loh hram a tha.

A tulna chhan leh a hrin chhuahte :

Crop Rotation hi thlai chin thlak thleng a nih satliah mai loh thu kan sawi a. A tulna

chhan I han tarlang dawn teh ang.

1. Rannung eichhetu laka an him nan : Thlai tinte hian bawmtu hrik an nei

hrang vek a. Thlai seng hnuah pawh a bul hnaiah leh lei chhungah an tui te an

phum thin a. Kumthara chin leh a nih huna keu turin an tui an hnutchhiah thin a.

Thlai dang chin nan leh leileh thar(leh nawn) a ngai thin a, an tui an phum hote

khawih chhiat a nih avangin an pung zel tur ven nan a tha a ni. Kan chin

hnuhnun zawk thlai te chu an chaw a nih loh avangin an vak darh thin.

2. Leichunglang hang , vawn him nan : Ram leilung hi thlai chin nana kan

leh phut reng hian an hlutna a tla hniam chak hle a. Mithiamte chhut dan chuan

phaizawl ,leilet angah hian thlai chi khat chauh ching ta ila, Fertilizer nen enkawl

pawh ni ta ila, kum 30 aral meuh chuan a tantir tea leitha a neih kha a hlutna

chanve (50%) laiin a tla hniam a ni an ti a. Hnahzum-Buhte, Dite leh Phaitual

hnim (Ranchaw a hman) te hian hnah hlai pui pui ai hian hnah tawih an siam

chak zawk a. Chuvangin thlai chin kan thlak fo chuan hnahtawih leitha kan

venghim a ni.

3. Nitrogen Supply : Thlai chaw pui ber Nitrogen hi van boruakah te a awm

a. Kawlphe leh Tek tla te hian thlaiin a ei theih turin leilungah an dah ta thin a .

Chutiang bawk chuan thlai thenkhat chuan Nitrogen hi an mamawh aia tam a

nih chuan an zungah an khawlkhawm a. A bul vela mite leh a hnunga thlai ten

an rawn ring nghal thin a. Be –kawm nei ho (Chana, Vang, Behliang, Bekang,

Bean, Zawngtah, Japan Zawngtah leh Bepui, Bete, Archangkawm) te hian

Nitrogen an khawl khawm thin. Behliang chin tawhna hmuna Vaimim chinte hi

an tha duh leh a ni.

4. Hlawhfa lak man a su kiang thei : Thlai seng khawm hnuah leilung hi leh

phut thin a nih avangin hnim a to chak lo a, a thlawhfai nana tha sen a tlem bik.

5. Eichhetu laka venna : Rannung tam zawk hi lei hnuaia tui phum an ni a, Kan

leh phut fo thin avangin an pun chak loh phah thin a ni.

6. Boruak tam zawk an hmuh theih phah : Lei kan lehphut hian leilungin

boruak a hmuh hnem phah a. Thlaiin chaw a siam awlsam phah bawk a ni.

7. Leimin leh lei tawih vengtu an ni: Kumtin hun bi nei taka ruahsurna

hmunah hi chuan Boruaka thlai chaw awm khawm, a hring a hrana ei mai theih

loh te chu kawlphe leh khawpui rite hian pheldarhin, thlai eitheih turin an siam

a. Heng hote lo eitu tur awm lohna hmun, ramro leh phul leh mual mam emaw

angah chuan lei chhung thuk takah lutin lei a min duh phah thin a. Thlaii leh

thing, hnim hring awmnaah chuan an lo eiral zel a nih loh pawhin thingzung ilo

vel ten an lo hip tang thin a. Hetiang atang hian tuikhur leh tui tai put pawha lo

awm phah thin a ni. Pawnlang taka zung nei ho( e.g Vaimim) ang te leh thuk tak

leh zau tak zung (root) pharh darh hote kan chin chhawk avangin leilung hlutna

kan hmang tangkai bawk a ni. Kan tlangram lo neih dan angah kha chuan kum

tinin, ram 1hectare (Ha) a zauvah lei chunglang hi 28quintals a luang ral thina

chhut chhuah a ni.

8. Leilung hlutna kan vawng him bawk a ni: Leilung hlutna tehkhawng atana

kan hman thin Soil pH(Hydrogen Concentration) hi a thur leh a al (Acidic&

Alkaline) tia sawi thin a ni. Hemi teh nan chuan a then hran nan number 7 hi

hman a ni. Number 7 atanga chunglam hi alkaline soil(leial) an ni a. A hnuailam

chu Acidic soil(lei thur ) tia sawi a ni. Leilung thurna leh alna lo awm thin

awmtirtu chu a chunga thing leh hnim to thin atanga lo awm a nih avangin thlai

kan chin hote kan thlakthleng fo chuan, soil pH kan venghim thei a ni.

9. Thar chhuah a thain, a hmel a mawi thin: Hun bi nei thlapa hma lakna chuan

khawsak a ti hahdam a. Hrik leh eichhetu rannung an tlem zawk avangin (angai

reng chinna hmun aiin) thar chhuah hmel a mawi a, a tui bik bawk a ni. Kum

hmasa lama rannung ho te hi a kum lehah a ngai bawk chin a nih leh chuan,

eichhetu an ni leh bawk thin.

Chin tha thlak thleng rei zawng leh hlawhtling tak a nih theih nana kan hriat

turte:-

a) Thlai chi khat chi a ngaiah vawi 3 aia tam lo chin tur.

b) Thlawhhma ram awmdan topography atang leh leilung awmdan (soil structure)

a zirin thlai chin tur ruahman tur a ni.

c) A panna kawng leh a hlat dan azirin thlai kan thlang tur a ni.

d) Thlai chu a variety atangin , a hlawk ber variety chu thlan hram tur a ni. A

hralhna hmun leh a phurh man atanga hlawkna awm thei ngei tur kan ngaihtuah

bawk tur a ni.

e) Thlai chi tha leh him dam chauh hman ngei ngei tur a ni.

A tawp berah chuan kan hmalaknaah hlawhtlinna kan neih theih nan, taima taka kan

vil reng leh endik fo a ngai tih hria ila. Thil ho tak angin lang mahse hriat thiam loh thil

awm thei a ni a. Kan taimakna , kan tha leh tui kan sen thin te chu a thlawna a luan ral

loh nan kan hriat thiam lohah chuan Department rawn hreh lo ila, hrelo nih i ngam

bawk ang u.

BABY CORN

Pu H.Thankhuma

Dy.Director of Agri.(Extn.)

Baby Corn hi Vaimimte, a hel pawh a eitheih a ni a. Mizoramah hian kan la uar

lo hle mai a, ramdangah chuan Baby Corn hi a lar hle a . Salad siam nan te an hmang

thin . Baby Corn(Vaimim hel ei ti mai ila) hian a lei duhzawng chu tlak lei leh

sawntlung lei inpawlh emaw sawntlung leh balu kai deuh pH6 atanga 7 leh tha tak a ni

a. Leithur leh al-ah Baby Corn hi chin loh tur.

SIK LEH SA : Khawlum lutuk leh vawt lutukah an to thei lo a, temperature 20

atanga 32

C ah an to tha duh bik.

A CHINNA HMUN : Vaimim pangngai that duhna hmun a piangah an chin theih.

A CHIN HUN: Baby corn hi tuipek that chuan kum tluanin a chin theih a,

amaherawhchu, chin hun tha ber chu March atanga June –July ah tlangram tan a ni a.

Phaizawlah chuan February,March, May-September a ni thung. Thlasik laia tuh hi tih

loh hram a tha.

THLAI CHI HMAN ZAT TUR : 15-16Kg/Acre

35-40 Kg/hectare

CHIN DAN LEH A BI HLAT ZAWNG :

A tlar inhlat zawng - 2.5feet

Thlai tiak kar hlat zawng - 10-12cm

Bi khatah thlai tiak pahnih zel phun a, ni 15 hnuah thlai tiak te chu 1-2 emaw

chauh bikhat a to tur a dah tur. Acre khatah thlai kung 44000 atanga 50000 phun tur,

hectare khatah chuan 1,10,000-1,30,000. Baby corn te hi lei chhun pawnah emaw

chhun pawn lohah pawh phun tur a ni.

PHUNNA TUR HMUN BUATSAIH DAN: Lei chu tha tak leh thuk taka vawi 2-3 leh

chhuah dap tur. Leilet hnuhnung ber dawttu laiin FYM 50-60 qtls. Pawlh tur a ni.

TUI PEK DAN: Lei hnawng tha taka siam nan chin atanga ni 10,20,30,40 leh 50

naah te tui pek tur.

LEITHA PEK DAN : 50Kg Urea, 50Kg Super Phosphate leh 25Kg MOP leh 4Kg

Zinc Sulphate te phun sawn laiin pek tur. Phun atanga ni 25-30 ah Urea 50Kgs phul leh

tur.

THLAI VENHIMNA : Rannung thlai chhunga tui awm hip chi dan nan Carbofuran

3G 4Kg hman tur.

Thlai tiah ni 10 hnuah - Metacid 2ml/litre(250ml)

Thlai tiah ni 20 hnuah - Endosulphan 2ml/litre(750ml)

Thlai tiah ni 30 hnuah - Fenvelarate 2ml/litre(750ml)

DETASSELING (A par insiam hmaa a vui paih)

(Removal of male flower before pollen shedding)

Detasseling hi Baby Corn tharchhuah nana thil pawimawh tak mai a ni. A hnah

chung ber bul a,a vui lo chhuak chu Vaimim chi a tlak hmaa paih vat tur a ni a, hei hian

Vaimim lo thang chang tur a ven mai bakah Vaimim a thar hmain a thar tha bik bawk.

THA HMAN ZAT TUR:

Tha 1-2 nikhatah acre khat atan leh hectare khatah chuan nikhat atan tha 5 vel a

par ti tla tur hian a ngai a. Vaimim thar hun laiin acre khatah nikhat atan tha 20 vel leh

hectare khatah nikhat atan tha 40 vel angai thung.

A THAR DAN: Baby corn te chu ni 47-55 velah no deuh hlekin a thar theih a. A

pangngaiah chuan Detasseling tih hnu ni 3-5 velah vaimim a chung lama rah chu 9cm a

sei leh 1.0-1.5cm vela lian leh a hmawr a chhawn te 2.5cm a nihin thar tur a ni a. A

hnuai lam rah chu a chunglam rah thar hnu ni 3-5velah thar tur a ni. A tlangpuiin 2-3

vel kung khatah a thar theih.

Baby Corn chu hel ei tur chi a nih chuan a chhawn rawn chhuah veleh thar tur a

ni a, a nih loh pawhin a chhawn chhuah hnu ni 2 velah thar tur a ni. A chhawn chhuah

atanga ni 4 hnua a thar a nih chuan hel eitur nilovin a thar theih a ni. A chhawnte hi

vaimim chiin a pawlh chuan Baby corn quality hi a tla hniam thei.

Baby Corn thar chhuah hi thil chi hrang hrangin a dang thei a, lei that zawngte,

thlai hrisel zawngte, lei hnawn zawngte leh thlai phun hlat zawngte leh thil dang tam

tak avangin a danglam thei a ni.

ZORAM LONEITU

Lalbiakthanga Pachuau, B.A, B.Sc(Agri)

1. Zaiin ka hril dawn e, ngai ru,

Ram tuan leng zawng suihlung lawman ;

Buhbal seilenna tur.

Thai kawi zia tial laisuih an rem,

A sakhming Zoram Loneitu.

2. Chutin ka chhiar biahthu tinkim,

Haiang min thang lungngui tawh hnu;

Sawmfang aurawl min fan tu nen,

Hlelten ramtuan min reltirin,

Sakruang laitha zam thar leh e.

3. Hei ai rohlu a awm nem maw,

A chuangkim e thiamtin thuril;

Sawmfang, hnahchhawl, rah thing leh mau,

Piallei, siktui thiam ten hman nan.

Chhiar ve la Zoram Loneitu.

KAWLVA LENCHHAMAH

Hav. Thuamliana

New Diakkawn,Kolasib

Agriculture Department hnuaiah IWDP Kolasib District bul tumin DAO Kolasib

(PIA-I) leh a staff ten rem fel tak an ruatsa angin ni 3.3.2004 ah Kolasib DAO kan

chhuahsan a, Khaw hrang hrang atanga kalkhawmte kan ni a. Hming leh hmel pawh la

inhre chiang manglo te chu phai lam panin kan chhuak ta , kan hlimin kan phur tlang

hle.

Pu, Pradip Chhetri, AEO ,Dept.Of Agriculture , Aizawl , Pu Vanlalhruaia WDT

Member, Pu Remmawia G.S- te kaihhruainain mi 20 (farmers), la zin hla ngai lote kan

ni a.

Guwahati Mizoram House ni 4.3.04 5:AM in kan thleng a. Kan chuanna tur Rel

ticket tihfelsa diama chuang turin Rail Station lam min pan pui a. Rail-a chuangin ni

6.3.04 (Sat) 7:55 AM in Delhi kan thleng a. Heta kan tlawh turte IARI New Delhi

(PUSA) leh Dehradun a ni a, kan phur tlang hle. Ni 8.3.04 (mon) in ICAR peng pakhat

IARI (Indian Agriculture Research Institute)PUSA , thlai chi tha siam chhuahna

hmunpui pakhat, area 15x13 Kms chu min kal luhpui ta hlawl mai a. He hmun hi New

Delhi khawpui chhung a ni a, a hmun hi zawl vek niin, thing an ching uar em em a ni.

Kan hotute an han vir char char a, Agriculture Extension Division in min lo

dawngsawng a. Dr. Ram Bahal, Principal Scientist Div. Of Agri.Extension IARI in min

hruai ve tu tur Mr. Ganesh Prasad Technical Officer chu kan hmuh duh leh kan kal

chhante hrilhin , a ni hian min chhuahpui ta a. Experimental trial, thlai leh wheat an

chinna hmun hrang hrang min fanpui a. Ram hmangaihna nen thahnemngai taka kan

thlai chin lai mek atanga tam zawk thar theihna tur leh thlai leh chawtha, hrisel zawk

India ram pumin kan that tlanna tur ngaihtuah a, an hmalakna te han hmuh chian

chuan India rama kan Scientist te hi an lo theuneu lo hle in a lang.

Tissue Culture atanga thlai chi hrang hrang an siam chhuah dan te han hriat

meuh chuan kan rama kan mithiam rualte hian hma an lak ve theih tak tak hun a

nghahhlelhawm thei hle, kan ram boruak leh leilung ngeihzawng dap chung zela an

hmalak hlawhtlinna hmuh a chakawm ngei mai.

Prof. Dr. S.S. Sindhu, Sr. Scientist (Floriculture) in Pangpar chinna hmun min

fanpui leh a. Hetah hian Rose Par chi hrang hrang an siam chhuahna (budding) kan

han hmu hlawl mai chu mawi kan ti tlang ngang a ni ang. Kan te chel chul mai ! He

hmunah hian rose par chi hrang engzatnge an neih tih ka zawt a, a zat chiah min hrilh

thei lova, record bu en a ngai an ti a. He hmun atang hian pangpar chi hrang hrang,

India ram state hrang hrangah an thawn darhin foreign ah pawh an thawn chhuak

viau a lo ni. An tihna vek vekah chuan hma an lo la nasa hle a ni.

Dt.19.3.04 (Tuesday) in Delhi atanga 300kms a hla Dehradun , Himalaya tlang

hnaih teah ICAR hnuaia mi, Central soil & Water Conservation Training Institute

Museum , Dehradun hmunah Dr.H.S.Mihsra Sr.Scientist in min hruai a, a building pawh

a lian hle mai. Loneituten leilung kan hman thiam leh kan zir chian a pawimawh thu

min hrilh a. Dr.Banley Behari-in min hrilhfiah chhunzawm a. Leilung humhalh dan

practice dan min kawhhmuh a. A tui bawk a, a hre bawk a, ngaihthlak a nuam hle .

Hemi laia kan rilrua awm chu, Forest Dept, Agriculture Dept.. leh Horti Dept. te hian

chhungkaw khat, Mizo chhungkua min enkawl a. Inthen hrang lutuk lova, kan hnam leh

ram dinchhuahna an kuta a awm ang hian Co-ordination Comtt. Siam a, hma an lak a

tul dawn niin ka hria.

Tlangramah a sang berah Forestry/Horti . Fruit, dawtah soil &Water

Conservation a hnuaiah Agriculture leh Horticulture, hetiang anga tih hi a tha ber niin

min hrilh. Selakin Experimental trial an neihna hmun lamah min kalpui leh a, a hla

phian mai a. Hemi hmunah hian Dr.A .K Duber, Sr. Scientist –in min lo dawngsawng a,

a hre bawk a, a tui bawk a, thawnthu hrilhin min hrilh char char mai a. A ni chuan

India ramah Chemical Fertilizer-NPK chi leh Micro Nutrient etc. te hmangin loneihna

hmun 300 million hectare lai hman a ni a. Hetah hian chemical fertilizer ten leilung a

tihchhiat dan te zir chian a, hmuhchhuah a ni tawh a. Zawi zawia heng leitha hi tihtlem

hret hret a, organic a thlak vek tum a ni tih thu a sawi chuan min barakhaih deuh.

Indian Institute Of Remote Sensing, Agri & soil Div. Dehradun ah kan kal leh a,

Satellite Project hmunpui a ni a, an stric zek mai! He hmunah hian Dr.Suresh Kumar,

Scientist Agri.& Soil Div.IIRS Dehradun in lecture min pe a. He hmun hi 1983 kuma din

tan niin satellite a thla an lak digital system chu an print chhuah hnuah a blue print

atanga India ram pum an chhuina lehkha phek hlai zet mai intel atang chuan a hrilhfiah

zel a. Himachal Pradesh ,Uttr Pradesh, Rajasthan etc. min entir a, kan ram pawh an lo

zir nasa hle mai! Kan ram chanchin pawh a lo hrechiangin, tlangram mual te reuh te te

inchuktuah khawm a nih thu leh thil dang tam tak a sawi . He thlalak hi lei atanga Km

300 a hla atanga an lak a ni a. Hetiang thlalak te hi huan leh lo, thil chin tur thlanna

atan a tangkai mai bakah, Remote Sensing thlalak te hi khawpui plan na atan an hman

thu min hrilh, sawi vek sen pawh a nilo.

Kan thupui ang hian a lo hla em em mai a, Himalaya tlang pawh kan piah mai a

ni a. Dept .hruaituten hetiang ram min hmuh tirna chhan ber nia lang chu, mita kan

hmuh ngei ,mitthla a awmdan anga, hma la tura min duh vang niin ka hria. Farmers’

tour a kal zawng zawng ten kan Dept. hotute chungah lawmthu kan sawi a, abik takin

Pu. R.L.Thanzuala, DAO Kolasib thahnemngaihna leh a hmalakah kan lawmin , min

hruaitu Dept.official mi fel tak tak te chungah kan lawm em em a ni.

SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION

Lalrinsangi

Facilitator, Extension Section

Dte .Of Agriculture

Rice Intensification ah hian buh kung khat taka phun a, lei hnawng lutuk lo a

phun a kawk a. Hetianga buh phun fak tu te chuan buh phun dan pangngai aiin a letin a

hlawk zawkin an ring a. Buh hi khawvela mihring awm zawng zawng zatvein chawah

an ring a, mahse, hei hian rei a daih dawn loh mai bakah buh thar chhuah hi a la tam

tawk lo hle a. Mihring kan pung chho zel si a, buh mamawhna pawh a sang telh telh a.

Asia, Africa leh S.America ramah phei chuan buh mamawhna hi kum 30 chhungin 38%

in a sang chho dawn niin an sawi. Buh mamawhna a lo san chhoh zel avang hian U.N

chuan kum 2004 hi “International Year Of Rice” ah a puang a, Jacques Diouf , Director

–General, The Food and Agriculture Organisation, U.N chuan ‘Buh hi khawvel retheihna

leh riltamna um bo turin a pawimawh ber a ni’ a ti hial.

Amaherawhchu , Buh chin dante hi eng ang pawn tih changkan tumin hma han

la vak thin mahse, thar chhuah hi a pung hlei thei tlat lo a ni.

Hemi avang hian buh chin dan awlsam leh senso tlem zawk si hi mi tam tak

chuan buh harsatna chhanna niin an ngai a. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) hi kum

1980 bawk chho vel khan Madagascar ah an ching chhuak a, Srilanka atanga Sierra

Leone thleng an ching chhuak ta a. Cambodia ah chuan kum2000 thleng khan an la

tichhin lo a, mahse , nikum lamah kha chuan huan (farm) 10,000 lai chu SRI atan leh a

ni a, tunkumah phei chuan 50,000 vel lai a nih rin a ni.

SRI sawimawi tute chuan buh thar chhuah hi a pangngai a chin aiin a tam zawk

an ti a. Agronomist hmingthang tak tak ten he ngaihdan hi an pawmpui lo thung a.

Amaherawhchu he ngaihdan hi nghet takin a la ding a, buh chin dan tha ber tur

zawnna pawh kalpui zel tho niin a lang.

SRI hi kum 20 kalta khan Father Henri de laulanie –a hian chemical fertilizer te

hmang loin SRI ah hian Organic Fertilizer hman a chawi lar a, hei hian loneitu hausa

leh rethei pawhin rual taka SRI an zawm theih nan a ti a ni.He buh chindan ti lar tur

hian Kum 1990 khan pawl pakhat ‘ Association Tefy Saina’ tih a din a, hemi awmzia

chu ‘Ngaihtuahna tih changkan’ tihna a ni.

De Laulanie-a hi a hlawhtling nachung pawhin, Madagascar hote chuan SRI an

la ring tawk lo niin a hriat a. Mahse Norman Uphoff Politician , Scientist leh Director,

International Institute for food , Agriculture and Development, Cornell University ,

Ithaca, Newyork a mi chuan kum 1993 atang khan a thawhpui te nen Madagascar

rama an ramngawte ti chereu tu ber ramngaw thiat a loneih nana halfai leh thin tihbo

nan chuan he lo neihdan thar, Buh hlawk zawka thar theih si hian ramngaw chereu tur

a veng thei ngeiin a ring a. Tefy Saina Association hruaitute a kawm ta a. A tirah chuan

hectare khatah 4 tonnes vel thar theih ka inring a, mahse an sawi dan chuan 15 tonnes

emaw a aia tam thar theih an inring thung a, ka awihlo em em a. Hetiang chiah hian

loneitu tam tak( rainforest) Ramngaw ruah hip theih awmna ram vel a mite chuan SRI

hi an ringhlel a, mahse, SRI kan tih tan kum hnihnaah chuan kan thar chhuah chu

hectare khatah 8 tonnes aia tam daih a niin a ropui hle a ni a ti a. Kum 1997 atang

khan Uphoff a hian SRI hi Asia ram hmun hrang hrangah thehdarhin a chawilar tan ta

a. Amah avang hian he system hi a lo lar ta hle mai a ni.

Mahse , SRI lo bihchiangtu tam tak chuan he system hian belhchian a dawllo an

ti ve bawk a, John Sheely, Agronomist, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI),

Manila, Philipines a mi sawi danin SRI chungchang hi Conference ah te sawi chhuak

thin mahse, chiang taka ziak hi hmuh tur a awm lo a, A chanchin ziahna tlem chu awm

mahse, kimchang taka han ziahna leh leitha leh thildang hman zat turte chiang takin a

awm lo a, zirchiang tur tan pawh zirchian a harsa a ni a a ti.

SRI chungchang hi chiang zawka zir chian a tul hle a, buh thar chhuah zat tur

hriat nan a pawimawh a. A chim Dobermann, Soil Scientist University Of Nebraska,

Lincoln a mi chuan SRI hi chiang taka zir a tum a, Buhin tui a hip zat hi pawimawh

hlein a hria a, SRI ah hian Buh chin dan pangngai aiin SRI buh te hi karhnihin an

puitling har a, hetih chhung hian Buh te hian tui an hip hnem bik a, buh te hi fimkhur

taka tih ro an nih chuan SRI ah hian tharchhuah a tam zawk a, mahsela tui hmanral hi

Buh chindan pangngai aiin a tam zawk a ni.

Sheehy, Dobermann leh IRRI mithiam Shaobing Peng te chuan anmahnia SRI an

tihchhinna chan chin an tlangzarh a. Hmun thumah an enchhin a, chungte chu-Hunan,

Guangdong leh Jiangsu, China ram bung hrang hrangah a ni a. SRI hmangin pindan

pakhat ang vela zauvah buh an ching a, chutiang tiat bawkah chuan Buh chindan

pangngaiin an ching bawk a. Hnim buh chindan pangngai a mite chu damdawi hmangin

an suat a, SRI ah erawh chuan kutin an pawtfai a. SRI buh te chu ‘Rapeseed Cake’ leitha

an pe nasa bik a, Buh chindan pangngai lam chu tui an luanluhtir ve lo a. Hetiang a an

han enchhin hian buh thar chhuah zat chu a danglam vak lo tih an hmuchhuak a,

Jiangse ram lamah SRI hian a thar tam deuh hlek a,Henan ramah phei chuan an thar

tlem zawk nghe nghe a ni.

Angusa, CSIRO a Scientist pakhat, Australia national research agency, Canberra

a thawk chuan SRI te hi hmun bik deuhah chauh an thar hlawk a ti. Madagascar a

leilung hmun sang lam a mite hi a lei a thurin oxygen a tlem hle. Japan ram hmun

thenkhat leh Australia a buh chinna hmunah te hian Angusa chuan buh an than duan

lai taka tui paihchhuah thin hian leiah Oxygen a ti pung a ti.

SRI buh hian a thar hlawkna hi a larpui ber a. T.M Thiyagarajan, Dean of

Agriculture College and Research Institute, Killikulam, India chuan mimal chi hrang

hrang tan sawichhe mahse, a thar chhuah pumpui hi a hlawk em avangin Tamil Nadu

State Sorkar chu thurawn pein loneituten SRI buh an chin uar theih nan US Dollar

50000 sum seng turin thu an ti tlu hial a ni.

CHIN CHHINNA /ENCHHINNA:

Dobermann chuan SRI buh chanchin hi zir tawh a ni a, chuta an thil zir chhuah

chuan nghawng a nei vak lo niin a sawi. He result hian Sheehy theoritical calculation a

buh thar chhuah pung hi nizungin buh kung a chhun that vang niin ngaih a ni.

Madgascar hmun a sik leh sa chhinchhiah khawm tlawh chhanin Sheehy hian buh

hmun thar chhuah tamna ber niin SRI buh chinna hmun chu a chhut chhuak a, Buh

thar chhuah zat tur a chhut chhuah chu ton 10 (sawm) aia tam a ni.

SRI rawn lar chhoh zelna chhan hi engnge ni ta ang le? Dobermann a rin dan

chuan a buh kung te an hrisel that zawk vang niin a ngai . Buh kungte inhnaih taka chin

hian buh peng a tlem phahin a vui pawh a tlem phah a. SRI te khat pherh phawrh a

chin hian buh peng a tam zawkin buh thar a pung bawk. Mahse hei hian hectare khata

buh chin zat a ti tlemin thar chhuah a tam phah lem lo.

CHIN UAR CHUNGCHANG:

SRI buh te hian zung darh sarh leh zau ang reng takin an kaih a. Hei hian thar

chhuah a tih tam phah bawk.

Lei chhungah Oxygen a tam hian leia bacteria te leh buh zung te inkungkaihna

tha a siam sak a, hei hian chinna leilung dinhmun a siam tha thei a ni.

Inhnialna tam tak awm mahse, United Nation chuan 2015 AD hian khawvel pum

pui a retheihna leh riltamna phuhruk a tum a. Hemi tihlawhtling tur hian Madagascar

chauh nge Modern Agronomy laboratory in mawhphur ta ang tih hi zawhna lian tak a

ni.

Source: Nature 428 PP 360-361(25 March, 2004) by Christopher Surridge.

I.T.C HNAHTHIAL HI!!!

N.Rothanzama, G/S

Extension Section,

Directorate Of Agriculture

Integrated Training Centre, Hnahthial (ICT), Mizoram hi Agriculture leh

Horticulture bakah Rural Development Extension Worker/Field Staff leh Farmers te

tan a rualkhai thei ang bera Training lakna hmunpui kan neih chhun a ni a, North

Eastern States ah phei chuan Function tha leh changtlung ber a ni. State pawn lam tan

pawh pan tlak a ni.

He training centre hi Mizoram pumpui ngaihtuah chuan a awmna lai hi a

kilkhawr pawh kan ti mai thei, mahse, han luhchilh meuh chuan a bikin, Field Staff

Gram Sevak , Horticulture Demonstrator leh VLW te tan chuan hriat belhchhah tur

rohlu haichhuah belhna a lo ni reng mai.

Agriculture Department hmalakna leh thlir zauna a zarah hmun hla zawk leh

State pawna training kher ngailo turin , Agriculture Department chuan Hnahthial

hmunah Office building leh Class room te Hostel leh Quarters changtlung tak mai neiin

kum 1979 khan a lo din a, Training programme hi Ni 15.7.1981 atangin Extension

workers tan Batchwise in kum 2 course an lo tan tawh a ni. He training Centre hi

Department a mithiam bik Joint director level-Principal enkawlna hnuaiah Subject bik

nei mithiam Instructor te kaihhruaina hnuaiah kum hnih Training leh refresher

Course, Field Staff te tan bik Diploma lakna a lo ni chho ta mai a. Vawiin ni thlengin

Extension Officer tam tak kan neihte, Circle leh District area min vila min kaihruai tute

hi kan centre neih chhun atanga vawiin ni thlengin Batch 20 na a kalpui mek a, kan

centre hian Batch khatah hun hmasa atangin a tam ber ah 60 leh a tlem berah 5 ,

Department pathum a mite hi kum hnih Course zel kum tin training pek a ni.

He ITC in Basic Agriculture Science Training Course a zirtir Subject te chu :

1) Agronomy

2) Horticulture

3) Soil Science

4) Plant Protection

5) Agriculture Extension Education

6) Agril.Engineer

7) Animal Husbandry & Veterinary

Heng subject te hian Viva Voice , Practical , experiment Plot te, Home Assignment

leh a behbawm tam tak a huam tel a, Instructor fel tak ten engkimah min kaihruai a, a

zir hunlai aimahin a hnuah tangkaina leh Agril. Science Knowledge-ah heng kan zir te

hian min kaihruaiin keimahah Confidence leh challenge min neih tirin ram tana ka

thawh ve na kawngah min kaihruai thui hle a ni.

LONEITU (FARMER) TE TAN :

Field staff kan han tih te hi thenkhat chuan an ngaisang vak lo a ni maithei a.

Mahse kumhnih course felfai taka lo zir chhuak an nih avangin Knowledge leh

experience lamah pawh phai rama Science zir chhuak te nen an inthuhmun thova,

chuvangin , ITC a zir chhuak tam tak te hi Loneitute pawn an harsatna tam tak sukiang

tu atan an hmang mek zel zawng a nih hi. A bik takin Extension worker an nih angin

Loneitu te nena in hnimhnai tur leh technology thar Department hmalakna zir a,

farmer te tan ei leh bar zawnna kawnga palai hna rinawm taka thawktu, hmun leh

hmun a lo her rempui a, kaihruai tura chherchhuak tute an ni a, chumi atan chuan

Extension bikah hian min zirtirna a ngawrh zual a. Field Staff tam tak vawiin nia Field

Officer lo ni tawhte Department activities mai bakah, mihring mihrinnaah pawh kawng

hrang hranga training la tawh leh abikin, loneitu dawr dan leh an tana kawng tha zawk

dap chhuah sak leh tanpuina kawngah hian he ITC zirchhuak te hi an special bik em em

a ni.

KA TANGKAIPUINA LEH HLAWHTLINNA THURUK CHU :

Dt.5.April. 2002 khan ITC ah hian kan zir tan a. Kan training centre ah hian

facilities kan neih ang ang te rilru leh tih tak zeta kan zirna hian hlawlhtlinna min pe a.

Farmers te tan kan zir thiamna hia Agriculture Department hmalaknaah full challenge

min pe a. Theory a kan zirna mai piahlamah practical assignment , work experiece tha,

loneitute kaihhruai kawngah huaisen ngamna min pe a,he ka training hian Mizoram, ei

leh bar hmalakna kawngah a hmanrua pakhat ka ni tih min hriat chhuah tir a ni. Zoram

a tlakhniam a,a tlakchhiat chuan ka tlakchhiatna a ni ka ti thei ta. Vawiin nia Field

Officer tam takte lo khawchhuahna ITC hi Field Staff thiamna leh hriatna leh

rinawmna rawn thlen tur a ni. Loneitu tam tak ding chhuak fate pawn hun lokal zel

turah pawh ITC hi an lo tangkaipui chho zel ngei ang. Ka training hian Zoram tan

thahnem ngaihna min neihtira, Awrawl chhuah ngam turin min chher chhuak a, talent

tha tak neia hmang chhuak turin Lalpa min dahna a lo ni reng mai a ni.

NUN THAR MIN SIAMSAKTU A LO NI:

A hmaa ka lo thlir leh suangtuahna mitthla nena Centre ka pan nite chuan, kan

ram tan enge ka tih theih tih aiin kan ramin enge min tihsak theih tih ngaihtuah a awl

hle a. Mahse, mamawh keh tuihalna hmuna han din chuan theih ang tawka thahnem

ngaihnain min chenchilh zel a. Keimaha lungsi taka ka suangtuah neuh neuh laiin tun

aia changtlung zawk leh chhawr nahawm zawka kan hman theihna turin hotute lam

atang pawha ngaihtuahna kan sen nasat sauh sauh hi ITC hian a mamawh hle in ka

hria.

Pathianin a tira leilung a siamin thil tum mumal tha tak neiin a siam a, he ITC

pawh hi tum mumal tak leh tha tak neia din a ni a. Kan Director te, a thawktu-Principal

leh Instructor ten thahnem ngaihna leh an nun ze mawi leh entawn tlak taka an awm

leh experience taksa leh thlarau nun thleng pawha min kaihhruaina hmun ITC chu

thlakhlelhawm viauin ngaihawm viau mahse, kan hriatna leh zirchhuah te hmang

tangkai tura thlahliam (passing out) ni 16.12.2004 khan kan lo ni ta a. Hei hian

rinawmna thutiam, Rinna Mita ka lo thlir thin a taka pen chhuak a, Thutiam

tihlawhtling turin mahni inrintawkna min pe a. Hei hian kan nitin ei leh bar zawnna

kawngah danglam ngailo Lalpan nunze mawi chhuah zel tur leh a ram rawngbawl

turin, Agriculture Department zirtirna hmang hian zau zawka hma la a, thawk zel tur

leh pen chhuak turin thianzaho 10(sawm) te chu min tir chhuak ta a, hei hi a tawpna ni

lovin, hna bul tanna chauh a lo ni zawk si a.

“Damna kim amahah ka chhar a,

Nun hlimna aman a siam a.

Kan nihna ang zelin a rawngbawltuah min siam a,

Awmlo ata awma min siamtu chuan a hrehawm ah leh nuamah pawh kan nun kawng tur

min relsak thiam ngei ang le”

KEIMAHNI

TRANSFER & POSTING

Sl.

Name of Officers

Present Place of

Posting

New Place Of Posting

Pu. P.Bhattacherjee

T.O KVK Hnahthial

& Project Director

MIP Executive

Authority

Joint Director Of

Agriculture

i/c Nodal Officer-CSS at the

Directorate Level

Pu.C.Lalzarliana

Principal ITC,

Hnahthial

Project officer, MIP

Executive Authority

Pu.C.Lalniliana

Joint Director Of

Agriculture

T.O, KVK Hnahthial,

attached to Directorate Of

Agriculture to oversee

Pu.H.Lalthanpuia

Training Associate,

(Extn) KVK , Kolasib

DAO ,Saiha

Pu.K.Zirliana

DAO, Saiha

Training Associate(Extn)

KVK Kolasib

Dr.H.Saithantluanga

Training Associate,

(Extn) KVK , Hnahthial

Dy .Director (Planning),Dte

of Agriculture

Pu.J.Lalzamliana

Dy.Director (Planning)

Dte. Of Agriculture

Training Associate(Extn)

Hnahthial i/c T.O. KVK

Hnahthial & i/c Principal

ITC , Hnahthial

Pu.K.Lianzova

U/S , Industries

Dy. Director (Admn)

Dte. Of Agriculture

Pu. V.O.Ooppay

Assistant, DAE, Aizawl

Directorate Of Agriculture

Pu.Zahmingthanga

UDC, DAE, Aizawl

Directorate Of Agriculture

(M.I Section)

Pu. K.Lalsangzuala

S.A , DAE,Aizawl

SDAE's Office , Kolasib

Pu Lalbiakthanga

BDO ,DAE, Aizawl

DAO's Office, Aizawl

Pi.Lalbiakdiki

Surveyor-III

DAE, Aizawl

DAO's Office, Aizawl

Pu Lalsina

Blue Printer,

DAE,Aizawl

Plant Protection Section,

Dte.Of Agriculture

Pu Lalsangliana

ATO ,DAE Aizawl

Dte. Of Agriculture

(M.I Section)

Pu Babul uddin

ATO ,DAE Aizawl

Vehicle Section, Dte. Of

Agri.

Khamlawmthanga

ADO ,DAE , Aizawl

Planning Section, Dte. Of

Agri.

Pu Lalngaihawma

BDO ,DAE, Aizawl

Vehicle Section, Dte. Of Agri

B. PENSION :

Heng kan thawhpuite hian Pensionin min chhuahsan ta:

1) Pu B.Dokhuma Gauge-Reader 29.2.2004

2) Pu Zonunsanga Driver 31.5.2004

3) Pu K.Zawma Group ‘D’ 30.6.2004

4) Pu Sailutthanga A.E.O 30.6.2004

C. SUNNA

Pu Zahlira Zadeng , Peon, DAE Office , Lungleia thawk chu Ni 2.5.2004 khan a

boral a, pawi kan tiin, a chhungte kan tuarpui em em a ni. A chhungte Pathianin

thlamuana awmpui zel turin kan duhsak a ni.

D. PAWIMAWH DANG:

1. MAUTAM LO THLENG ATANA INBUATSAIHNA:

Mautam lo thleng tur (2007) venna atan Agriculture Department chu a

inbuatsaih mek zel a. Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah Mautam lo thleng tur venna/dona

campaign ngawrh taka neih a ni a. Mizoram pumah he mautam dona/venna campaign

hi neih chhunzawm zel tum a ni.

2. MINOR IRRIGATION PROJECTS :

Mizoram ei leh bara a lo intodelhna hmanraw pawimawh tak mai Minor

Irrigation chu siam chhunzawm zel tum a ni a, kumin (2004-2005) ah pawh hian kan

Minister Pu Rammawi kaihhruaina in Minor Irrigation Project thar 36 vel siam zawh

tum a ni ang.

3. MIZORAM INTODELHNA PROJECT (M.I.P):

Ruahmanna thar (Policy thar) duana Guideline siam that mek a ni a. Chu

Guideline tharah chuan hetiangin , thlai chin turte leh a chinna hmun Zone tur

ruahman mek a ni dawn a ni.

a) Eastern Zone (Sub-alphine Humid Temperature zone) : Eastern zone in a

huam tur chin chu- Sialkal tlangdung, tuipui chhak lam ram. Phawngpui vet

pheiin, Tuipang chhak lam ram zawng a ni. Eastern zone ah hian Grape, Vanilla ,

Sapthei , Buh, Vaimim, Bekang , Rape, Tel , Antam, Arhar , Alu, Purunsen,

Purunvar chintir tur a ni dawn a ni.

b) Western zone (Tropical Humid Zone) : Western zone in a huam tur chin chu

Bilkhawthlir thlanglam. Bairabi ram chin, Tlawng kam thlang lam zawng,

Lungleiah Inher pheiin, Lawngtlai leh Phura ram chin zawng a ni ang a. Western

zone ah hian Red Oil Palm, Buh, Vaimim ,Bekang, Arhar, Tel, Antam, Alu,

Purunvar leh Purunsen chin tum a ni ang.

c) Central zone (Sub –tropica Humid zone): Central Zone in a huam tur chin chu

–Tlawng leh Tuipui inkar ram zawng. Eastern zone leh Western zone a tello

zawng ram te a ni ang a. Central zone ah hian Vanila, Sapthei, Buh, Vaimim,

Rape, Tel, Antam ,Bekang, Arhar, Alu, Purunsen leh Purunvar te chin tir tum a ni

ang.

Mizoram Intodelhna Project hi chak zawk leh fel zawka a kal theihna tur leh a lo

hlawhtlin ngei theihna turin M.I.P Co-ordination Committee pawh Mizoram Sawrkar

chuan a din fel ta a. Hetiang hi M.I.P Co-Ordination Committee chu a ni.

Chairman - Chief Minister of Mizoram

Sr. Vice Chairman - Minister , Agriculture etc.

Vice Chairman - Rev. Liandawla, Vice Chairman, MIPEA

Member Secretary - Chief Secretary , Gov’t Of Mizoram

Asst Secretary - Commisioner, Agriculture & Horticulture

Members:

1. Principal Secretary , Rural Development Department

2. Development Commisioner

3. Finance Commisioner

4. All Secretaries Of Line Departments

5. Adviser, State Planning Board

6. Directors Of Line Departments.

7. Members MIP Task Force.

M.I.P Co-Ordianation Committee hian M.I.P hmasawn zel dan tur leh thlai chin turte an

ngaihtuah zel dawn a ni.

4. WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE (CSS):

He scheme hi Lunglei District ah kalpui mek a ni a. Hmeichhiate Agriculture a

tangkai zawka hman an nih theihna tur leh an lo intodelhna tura tanpuina Scheme a ni.

Khuai khawite, Vawk vulhte, Loneihte, Eisiamte, Hriselna lamte, Puantah te, Ar vulhte

zirtirin hmalak mek a ni. He Scheme ah hian hmeichhia mi 20 zel Group khatah

awmin, Group 20 ah din a ni a. Leader pakhat zel siamin Leader chuan Group chu an

enkawl a ni. Group tin atanga memberte thlangchhuakin Mizoram pawn State dangah

leh Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah lo neih dan tha zir chhuak turin zinpui thin an ni a,

tunah pawh hian Sikim State tlawh turin mi 15 vel an inbuatsaih mek a ni.

5. CELEBRATION OF INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF RICE ,2004 :

Kumin 2004 hi Buh (rice) thar tam zawk theihna beihpui thlak kum

(International Year Of rice 2004 ) ah puan a ni a. A bik takin buh a lo thar tam a, a lo

thar hlawk zawk theihna tura nasa taka tanlak hi India ramah pawh a tul avangin India

ram state tinah hmalak uar sauh sauh tur a ni. Mizoramah pawh Agriculture

Department chuan, April, 2004 chhung hian theihtawpin hma a la a, District Level leh

Sub-Division Level in Loneitute leh NGOs te training pein, nasa takin fuihna neih a ni.

6. AGOSA HRUAITU THARTE :

Ni 13.4.2004 (1:00-5:00 P.M) khan Agriculture Conference Hall ah Agriculture

Officer and Staff Welfare Association (AGOSA) General Assembly neih a ni a, rorelna

tluang takin neih a ni. Kum 2004-2005 atana hruaitu thlanna neih a ni a, hengte hi

hruaitu thlan chhuahte chu an ni.

Chairman - Dr.O.P.Singh, Director Of Agriculture (Ex-Officio)

Vice Chairman - Dr. H. Saithantluanga, Dy.Director (Planning)

Gen.Secretary - Pu.H. Thankhuma, Dy.Director Of Agriculture (Extension)

Secretary i/c - Pu R. Zoramthanga, AAIO Information & Publicity

Organisation and Fund Collection

Treasurer - Pi P.C.Zahliri , UDC

Fin.Secretary - Pu R. Zothanmawia,AAI

Committee Members :

1. Joint Director Of Agriculture

2. D.A.O, Aizawl or His representation

3. D.A.O , Mamit in his representation

4. DAE, Aizawl.

5. Deputy Director (Admn)

6. Pu Thangmawia , Peon

7. Pu. Sangthuama, Driver

8. Pu. Zahmingthanga, UDC

9. Pi. Lalhmachhuani, UDC

10. Pi. Lalengzami Haolai, AEO

11. Pu Rohlua, Research Officer

7.PU H.RAMMAWI, AGRICULTURE MINISTER HOVIN MEETING PAWIMAWH NEIH

A NI :

Ni 9 June , 2004 (11:00 A.M- 4:00 P.M) khan Pu H.Rammawi, Agriculture

Minister hovin a office Chamberah Mizoram Intodelhna Project (MIP) hotute –Rev

Liandawla Vice Chairman, Wgd. Commander Lalnghinglova te, Jt. Secretary,

Agriculture –Pu T Sangkunga, Project Director, MIP te, Joint Director Of Agriculture

and District Agrill Officers Leh directorate Of Agriculture a Officer te leh Horticulture

Department a Officer te chuan Meeting pawimawh tak mai an nei a, an thurel

pawimawh mipuite hriattur chu hetiang hi a ni.

1. SEEDLINGS (THLAI TIAK) CHUNG CHANG :

A theih chin chinah kumin fur chin tur thlai tiak hi lei loh tur a ni ang a, a loh

theih loh tlem azawng erawh chu lei a ni dawn chauh a ni.

2. THLASIK THLAI (RABI CROPS) :

Kumin thlasik thlai chin turte ruahman fel a ni a, hetiang hi thlasik thlai chin

turte leh a chin dan tur a ni ang –

1) Alu - 225 Ha

2) Purunsen - 68 Ha

3) Purunvar - 47 Ha

4) Tel antam - 1632 Ha

5) Chana Dal - 1030 Ha

6) Arhar Dal - 1000 Ha

7) Bekang - 740 Ha

Heng thlasik thlai chin turte hi a chinna hmun tur an thlangfel a, a lo

hlawhtlin ngei theihna turin District Agriculture Officer zawng zawng te tan la

tura hriattir an ni.

8. FARMERS TRAINING :

Ni 9-11. 6. 2004 khan Pu H.Thankhuma, Deputy Director Of Agriculture (Extension)

te, Pu james Lalsiamliana, APPO , Pu R.K.Nithanga, SDAO, Darlawn , Pu, J.Joela, S.O –

cum S.A te chuan Darlawn leh N.Serzawlah Farmers Training hlawhtling tak an han

neihpui a, Darlawn leh N.Serzawl a loneitute (farmers) chu Organic Farming leh

Rodent Control tih thupui hmangin zirtirna an han pe a ni. Farmers Training hi neih

chhun zawm zel tur a ni dawn a ni.

9. TOUR REPORT OF PU R.K.NITHANGA COMMISSIONER, AGRICULTURE

DEPARTMENT:

Pu, R.K .Thanga , Agriculture Commissioner chuan ni 17

june 2004 khan Serchhip leh

a chhehvel a Agriculture hmalakna te a tlawhkual . Chumi hnuah Serchhip Sailiamkawn

a Horticulture Department hnuaia Cold Storage sak lai mek a tlawh leh a, hei hi

Serchhip leh a chhehvela loneitute thlai thar dah thatna tur a ni a. Cheng nuai 136

senna tura ruahman a ni a. Tunah hian a Civil work chu a tam zawk chu zawh tawh a

niin September 2004 a zawh tura ruahman a ni a, zawh ngei pawh beisei a ni. Hemi

zawh hian Serchhip Zawlpui a Agriculture hmalakna hrang hrangte a tlawh kual a

Zawlpui atanga Chamdur panna tur kawnga Lumtui R.C.C . Bridge thawh lai mek pawh

a tlawh bawk. Zawlpui atang hian Thenzawl panin zan a riak a, a tuk ni 18

june , 2004

zingah Thenzawl hmuna Agriculture Department ram a tlawh bawk. Commissioner hi

Pu Lalrinliana D.A.O Aizawlin a tawiawm a ni.

10. PU H.RAMMAWI, AGRICULTURE MINISTER IN NEW DELHI AH

MIZORAM AGRICULTURE TIH HMASAWNNA TUR KAWNG A ZAWNG:

June, 2004 thla tawp lam zawng khan Pu H.Rammawi, Agriculture Minister chu

New Delhi ah a kal a. Mizoramah Agriculture tih hmasawnna tur kawng zawngin

Central Agriculture Minister te, Minister dang te leh Secretary te leh ICAR hruaitu te a

dawr a, Mizoram tan hmasawnna kawng thar engemaw zat kan hmuh a beiseiawm hle

a ni. Pu H.Rammawi , Agriculture Minister zin hi Dr.O.P.Singh Director of Agriculture ,

Govt.Of Mizoram in a tawiawm a ni.

11. FARMERS TRAINING KAWNPUIAH :

Ni 25-26.6.2004 khan Kawnpuiah Farmers Training hlawhtling tak neih a ni a. He

Farmers Training ah hian Pu H.Thankhuma Dy.Director Of Agriculture (Extension)te,

Dr. H. Saithantluanga Dy.Director (Planning) te, Pu James Lalsiamliana A.P.P.O te leh Pu

Tlangtimawia Zote A.E.O ten Farmers te chu Training an pe a ni. He Training ah hian

Mautam lo thleng tur invenna lam te, Sazu suat dan tur te, Bio-fertilizers leh Bio-

Pesticides hman dan te zirtir an ni.

12. KISSAN CALL CENTRE:

Ministry Of Agriculture & Co-Operation , Govt. Of India chuan , Loneitute thlawhhma

lakna kawng hrang hranga harsatna nei, Zawhna zawt duh te tan kissan Call Centre ,

Phone No. 1551 ah zing lam dar 6:00 atanga zan lam dar 10:00 thleng zawhna zawh

theih turin Telephone (hotline), Kolkata ah a dah thar a. Mizoram a Loneituten mahni

tawng ngeia an harsatna an sut kian zung zung theihna turin Kolkata ah Kissan Call

Centre nghakin Mizo pahnih dah an ni a, khawi hmun atang pawhin an ni hi biak theih

an ni ang a, Telephone biakna man hi a thlawn (toll free) a ni ang.

13. TRAINING ON MODERN TECHNOLOGY OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL :

June 2004 chhung hian Agriculture District tin atangin Officers parukte chuan

Bangalore ah Modern Technology Of Biological control Training an nei a, An thupui

(theme) chu Thlai hrik leh thlai natna thahna atana rannung siam pun dan (mass

Production of Quality Bio-Pesticides) tih a ni a. Mizoramah Organic Farming kan tih

mek hmalak chhoh zelna atana hmanraw tangkai tak tur a ni dawn a ni.