Editor

Lalramthanga Tochhawng

Director Of Agriculture

Joint Editors

H.Thangkhuma

Dy, Director of Agriculture

(Extension)

R.Zoramthanga

AAIO

Directorate of Agriculture

Cir. Manager

Lalchhanliana S.D.A.E.

Zoram Loneitu a

thuchhuah duh nei emaw,

lehkha thawn duh emaw

chuan a hnuaia Address-

ah thawn tur a ni.

Editor

ZORAM LONEITU

P.O. Box -098

Dte. Of Agriculture,

Mizoram: Aizawl

Pin 796001

CONTENT

1. Editorial ………………………………………………………………………………………

2. 1

National Foundation Training on Organic Farming…………………..

- Lalrinliana, DAO, Aizawl.

3. Organic Manures chi hrang hrangte leh an siam dan……………………

- James Lalsiamliana, APPO

4. Storage of Foodgrains……………………………………………………………………

- C.Lalnithanga

5. Khuanu Duansa Zulzuia Lo neih (Organic Farming)……………………….

- R.L. Thanzuala, DAO, Kolasib

6. Loneitute Tan Thlai chi tha pawimawhnate…………………………………..

- C.Lalzarliana, Project Director, MIP Executive Authority

7. Stevia Rebaudiana (Honey leaf) (Khawizu hnah)…………………………..

- Lalrinsangi, Fascilitator

8. North East Trade Expo-2005…………………………………………………………

- Lalengzami Haolai, AEO

9. Kan hmabak- Thal Thlai (Zaid Rain)………………………………………………..

- K. Laltanpuia, AAI, DAO Aizawl Office

10. Neem I han belchiang teh ang………………………………………………………

- J. Lalnuntluanga, B.Sc (Agri)

11. Neem- Loneitute tan…………………………………………………………………….

- J. Lalnuntluanga, B.Sc (Agri)

12. Bekang chin dan leh enkawl dan……………………………………………………..

- Vanramthangi, AEO

13. In Memorium- Pu Lalchhinga, DAO Rtd…………………………………………..

- Daniela, AEO

14. KEIMAHNI………………………………………………………………………………………..

1st NATIONAL FOUNDATION TRANING ON

ORGANIC FARMNG(26

Sept-1

Oct2004)

Lalrinliana, DAO, Aizawl

1. He Training hi dt 2

Sept -1

Oct, 2004 chhung khan Lake Resort, Naukuchiatal,

Uttaranchal ah neih a ni a, a buatsaihtute chu Uttaranchal Organic Commodity board an ni.

Mizoram atangin mi paruk laiin kan zu chhim ve a, Mizoramin Organic Farming a tum na a

inbuatsaih nana tih a ni.

2. Organic Farming kalphung : A zawl thei ang bera sawi dawn chuan "Organic Farming' chu

siamchawp vai leitha leh damdawi(tür) hmang miah lova thlaichin tihna a nimai a, hetah hian lei

siamtha tura thlaichi hrang chin thlak thleng kual te, thlai kung leh hnah tawih hman tangkai te,

be kawm nei hmanga lei tih that te, ran zun leh ek hman tangkai te, thil nung leh thlai atanga

siam sawr chhuah hmanga rannung leh natna ven te a keng tel vek a ni.

Organic farming-in a tum ber chu siamchawp leitha leh damdawi (tür) in leilung leh

achhunga hrik tangkai a suat thin hi tih bova, him zawk hmanrua te hmanga leilung tihdam leh

hi a ni. Tunlai thiamna hmanrua te hian thatna leh tangkaina nasa tak a neih rual in reiloteah

hnuhma chhe tak a siam chho ta zel tih hmuh chhuah ani a, hetiang renga kan kal chuan hun

reilote chhung chu hlawkna min pe ang a. Amaherawhchu, thangthar lo awm leh zel turte tan

leilung hi kan tichhe hlauh thei a, chu chu Organic Farming hian siam that a tum ani. Kun 1960

chho vela Green Revolution zarrah Asia ramah pawh buh thar chin ani a, buh pangngai aiin a let

thum dawnin a thar hlawk a. Mahse, hlawk taka thar tur hian leitha tam tak pek a ngai a. Kum

engemaw chen chu tha taka thar zel a nih hnuah tunah chuan kan leitha pekte khan leilung a

tichhe tan ta a, buh thar a tla hniam leh ta a, tunah tak phei chuan Green Revolution hma aia buh

Thar a chhiatna hmunte a awm tawh ani. Leitha kan pek thin te khan lei chhungril a rannung leh

hrik tangkai tam tak changpat te, nungcha lei ti tawih dür tu te leh loneitute tana tangkai em em

atawpah chuan leitha pe tho siin thlai a thang thathei ta lo a ni.

3. India ram leh khawvel hmun danga Organic farming kalpui dan : India sorkar laipui

chuan Organic farming hi ram pumah uar taka kalpui turin hma a la reng a. State engemawzat in

an kalpui tan chhoh zel laiin hriat tham deuha hma la hmasatute chu Karnataka, Uttaranchal leh

Sikkim te an ni. Uttaranchal hian Organic atangin buh tui (Basmati) leh Bete tam tak a thar

chhuak tawh a, India khawpui hrang hrangah hralh chhuah mek a ni.

Europe lamah pawh thlaichinna ram zawng zawng zinga 1 % chu Organic farming a

kalpui a ni tawh a. USA thlaithar zawng zawng te zinga 2 % chu organic thlaithar an ni tawh bawk

a, organic thlaithar ngaisangtu leh lei tam ber tute chu Japan leh Germany te an ni. Tin, organic

thlaithar hi leitha leh damdawia chawm thlaithar aiin a man 30% velin a sang zawk.

4. Bio-dynamic Agriculture : Organic Farming leh Bio-dynamic Agriculture tihte hi thil

thuhmun deuhreng an ni a. Leilunga siamtu in thiltha leh tanngkai a phum te hmang tangkaiin ni

leh thla, arsi vir vel dante lam pawh thlai chin dan nen an inlaichinna leh inpuih tawn theih dan

te chhui chhoh a ni a, thlai chi thlak dawna thla mang/thla de/thla bial lai kan chhut thin te pawh

hian awmze thuk leh ril tak a nei tih hriat chhuah mek zel ani.

Bio-dynamic Agriculture zulzuia hma la tur in hmanrua/tihdan phung chi hrang hrang

siam chhuah a ni a, chungte chu :-

i) BD 500-507 : Damdawi hmanglova leitha siam chhuah nan bawlhlo chi sarih a awm a, BD-500,

BD-501……….DB-507 thleng a awm a. Hengte hi damdawi tel miah lo, leilunga siamtu ro phum

ruk te atanga hmuh an ni. Heng te hi lei mai theih a siam chhuah an ni a. Hnim hnah leh thlaikung

tawih te hmanga lei tha siam dawnah heng bawlhlo te hi hmang ila, (tlem te te a theh zeuh tur an

ni) tichuan hnimhnah tawih pängngai aia ranga ti tawih ralin leitha pai a ti tam zual bawk a, an

tangkai hle a ni. India ram state hrang hrang leh khawvel ram tam takah uar takin an hmang chho

mek a ni. Tin, bawngek atangin Cow Pit Pat (CPP) siam theih a ni bawk a, ran ek chak lehzuala um

tawih tihna a ni.

ii) BD Compost : Hei hi ran ek, hnah hring, hnahro leh be kawmnei thlai (legumes) kung leh

hnah te atanga lei tha siam dan a ni.

A chunga kan tarlan tak bawlhlo (BD-500, '501 ..... .. . .....„. .507) te hmanga leitha siam dan

a ni a, a tlangpuiin BD 502 - 507 hman ani. Leitha siam tur hian hnim hring, hnah ro emaw

buhpawl, bawngek (hnute sawrlai ek/ran hrisel ek) te hman a ni a. Kan huan leh a vela hnim

hring leh hnahro tawih ral mai mai tur te lakhawmin leitha siam nan up tur a ni. Up dawn hian lei

laikhuar lovin hmun zawlah hnim hring leh hnah ro/buh pawlte inthuahthipin chheh khawm mai

tur a ni a, a chhungah BD-502,503,504,505,506 leh 507 te phul tel zeuh ila. Hetianga siam hnim

hnah up hian thla 4 chhungin leitha tha tak mai kan siam chhuak thei a ni.

iii) BD Liquid : BF 5-2-507, bawngék leh hnim hnah nem lam chi hmangin leitha tui siam theih

ani a, thlahnih chhungin a hmin thei a. Leiah kapin vai leitha thlakna tha tak a ni.

iv) BD Bio-pesticide : Hei hi rannung thahna damdawi thlak nana hmanrua tha tak a ni. Hnim

hnah rimna lam chi te, bawng zun leh E.M.tui (Effective Micro-organism) hmangin thlaikahna

siam theih ani a, thlahnihah ahmin a, tha tawk tak a ni.

5. Organic farming a tih tur tul hmasa te : Kan sawi tawh angin Organic farming kalpui tur

chuan uluk zawk leh taima leh zuala hmalak a ngai dawn a. Hemi baka Sorkar leh mipuite tan a ti

tur tul hmasa awmte chu:-

i) Organic farming a thlaichinte chu a bulte atangin endiktu (Certifying Agencies) ten an vil reng

ang a, an pawmpuina ang thlap a nih loh chuan Certificate pek ani lo ang.

ii) Organic farming ah chuan naupang kumntlinglo te tha ringa tihphal a nilo. Leilung buatsaih

atanga a thar thlengin leilung/nungchate tichhe lo zawng (eco-friendly) hlira hmalak tur a ni.

iv) Ram thlan bik chu map te siam vekin 'record' fel fai tak a awm tur a ni.

v) Thlaitharleh leilungte chu vai leitha leh damdawi hnuhmaa awm leh awm loh en nan duh hun

huna endik thut thut theih a ni ang.

ORGANIC MANURES CHI HRANG HRANGTE LEH AN SIAM DAN

James Lalsiamliana

Directorate of Agriculture

A izawly Mizoram

Ran ek emaw, an zun emaw, hnah tawih emaw te inchawhpawlh, chemicals tello

atanga siam hi Organic Manures an ni. Entirnan - Farm Yard Manures (FYM) te, Farm

Compost te, Night Soil (ran riahna a an zun leh ek, lei tel a rih khawm) te leh Green manures te hi.

Organic manures hian-

*Thlaichawpui pathum Nitrogen (N) te, B:sphorus (P) te leh Potash (K) te bakah, chaw tlem te te

a an mamawh micro-nutrients te an pai ani.

*Lei a ti dur tha a, thlai tan leilung atangin chaw lak a awlsam phah bakah, thlai than a that phah

a, leilungah hnawm/tuihu a chawm rei bik.

1. Farm Yard Manures (FYM) –

Ran ek emaw, an zun emaw , ran chaw bang nawi emaw atanga leitha siam.

FYM in chawtha a pai zat:-

FYM chu hetiang hian siam ni sela-

-Akhur = a dung : 20-25 feet, a vang: 5-6 feet, a thuk lam: 3-4 feet.

Hetiang hian khur 2 laih ni se la, tin, tuihawk luanglut thei lo turin, a vel intuihawk luan

kawr siam ni bawk se.

Ran ek leh hnawm kan up tawih tur chu khurkil khat atanga tan in, dah khawm a, chu

chu bawngek tui leh lei chawhpawlh in a sir-tawng chu zut phui zel tur a ni. Hetiang hian a hrang

thliah thliah in a tah tawl a khur chu tihkhah tur a ni. Khur pakhatna chu a khah hnuah khur 2-na

chu buåtsaih chhunzawm tur a ni. Khur hmasa zawk hi thla 3 chhung velah kan dah khat hman

ang a, a khur 2-na a khah dawn hnaihah khur1-na a leitha insiam Chu a hman thei tawh ang.

Hetiang khur hi bawng 3-4 vel vulh tan chuan atawk thei tur a ngaih a ni.

2. Farm Compost - Hnim hnah dahkhawm, leilunga thil nung tangkai te tak te te (soil micro

organisms) ten an tawih atanga lei tha rawn insiam chhuak hi a ni. Farm Compost chu chi thumin

a siam theiha:

a) Pit Method: Khur chu a dung lam feet 7, a thuk lam feet 3 leh a sei zavmg feet 5 vel a laih a,

chutah chuan hnim tawih thei tur chi khungkhawm tur ani. Feet 1 atanga feet 2 a sang a nihah

Ran

Za zela an pai zat (%)

Bawng

Zun

0.40

1.00

0.20

Tlem

0.10

1.35

Beram/Kel

Zun

0.75

1.35

0.50

0.45

Sakawr

Zun

0.55

1.35

0.05

Tlem

2.10

1.25

Vawk

Zun

0.55

0.40

0.50

0.10

0.40

0.45

1.80

0.90

ran ek emaw, a zun emaw leh tui leh lei chawhpawlh hmanga chhilh tur a ni. Hetiang bawk a dah

chhunzawm zel in, khur a khah veleh chirhdiak a zutphui tur a ni. Thla 4 atanga thla 6 in karah a

hman theih.

b) Heap method : Hmun zawlah, hnim chu feet 6-8 a zau leh 3-4 feet vel a sang a chhekkhavvm in,

chirhdiak a zut phui tur a ni. Thla 1-na velah a tla hniam ang a, chu chü a kil atanga tan in

chawhlet tur a ni. Chirhdiak a zut khuh leh in vawi 2-3 vel chawhlet hnu, thla 4-5 vel naah a

hman theih ang.

c) Zem kual : Dap emaw hmang in zem kual a, chutah chuan hnim vawm khawm tur a ni. Feet 1

emaw, feet 2 vel emaw a sang a nih hnuah lei leh ran ek/zun hmanga pan deuh a khuh tur a ni a,

chu chu hnim a vur chhunzawmzel tur a ni. Thla4-6 hnuah a hman theih.

Zem kual hi Heap method angin chawhleh angai lo. Zemkual hi achhunglamah thelret

puan emaw, changel hnah emaw, hnahthial emaw a phah kual tur a ni.

Farm Compost siam na hian hengte hi hman loh tur an ni:-

a) Thlai/ hnim, chemical pesticides hmang a kah te.

b) Thlai/hnim, Rust leh Virus natna pai te.

c) Compost pit Chu tho leh rannung laka a him thei tur a nih loh chuan Sa eina ningnawi / ei te

chu dah tel loh tur a ni.

d) Thlai/hnimpeng zum leh hriam takte leh hling chang tak te.

e) Hnim thi har chi leh a tiak/nung duh takchi ho.

3. Green Manure - Hnim hring, a kung chawp a lei a leh hnan a, chumi tawih, leitha atana hman

hi a ni. Green Manure atan chuan hetiang thlaite hi hman anni-

a) Kawm nei thlai- be lam chi.

b) Thlai leh hnim, hmun ro leh lei chhiatna hmun pawh a to tha thei.

c) Thlai zung nei tam.

d) Thang duang, hnah nei tam leh puitling hma

e) Thlai dawng tha tak leh tawih hma chi.

Green manure crop atana hman lar deuh deuh te chu- Dhaincha, Sunhemp, Moong,

Behlawi etc.

Neem - 'Agriculture tinreng damdawi':

Neem - 'Agriculture tinreng damdawi' hi lei tih that nan hman theih a ni. Neem cake leh a hnah te

hi hman thin anni a. Lei an tihthat mai bakah thlai eichhetu rannung tamtak bakah, thlai natna

thenkhat lakah thlai an veng thei. Neem hnah leh cake hi leilungah, thlaichi thlak hma in leh hnan

thin ani.

Thlai acre khat (tin khat) hmunah, leilung buatsaih laiin, Neem seed cake 40 kgs pek a,

chutah thlai Phun hnu (top dressing) a 20 kgs pek leh a tha. Thlaichi kuina buatsaih laiin, a hnah

hi leiah chuan leh tel thin a ni bawk: Neem seed cake (Neem rah den / her sawm) kg 100 zel in a

chawtha a pai zat chu hetiang hi a ni-

Nitrogen -3.56 kgs

Phosphorus-0.83 kg

Potassium-A.67kgs

Calcium -0.77 kg Magnesium- 0.75 kg

STORAGE OF FOODGRAINS

C. Lalnithanga

1. Food grains chuan eng te nge a huam : Saptawnga 'Food grains' tih hi tawi fel fakin

Mizotawng chuan dah a remchang awm lo ve, Food - chaw tihna a ni a- Grains - fang, tihna a ni

mai. Tichuan Food grains chu a thlai rah Chang, chil zawh emaw vuak zawha ei tura siam theih

mai tihna a ni. Chutiang chaw chi, densawm leh a phut a siam tawh - maida leh atta te ang hi Food

grains chuan a huam lo, Food grains zingah chuan buh hi chil hnuah a ei nghal ve mai theih lo va,

a hum hi den a thlei fai chauh a buhfai - a kha a ei theih a ni. Chana, bete etc. te ang chu vuak

zawhah ei tur ah a siam theih nghal mai.

International Standards Organisation (LS.O) in food grains ti a a sawi thlai te chu :

l. Wheat - chhangphut buh.

2. Buh

3. Buhsanghar (Barley)

4. Vaimim

5.Sakawrchaw(Oats)

6. Faisa/Faibar (Sorghum)

7. Buhtun chi hrang hrang (Pearl/Finger/ Kado/Little Millet)

8. Behliang (Red gram/Arhar)

9. Chana zum/Chhole (Bengal gram/Chick pea)

10. Mung dal/ Chana bring (Green gram)

11. Behlawi chi khat - Dolichos lab lab)

12. Kelek chana (Black gram)

13. Behlawi chi hrang hrang

14. Bekang

15. Motor chana (Pea)

16. Dailuah/Dal(Lentil).

Heng kan tarlan tak food grains chi hrang hrang te hi nitin a kan mamawh, hriselna’n kan

ei a ni a, carbohydrates, fat, mineral, vitamin, protein leh fibre kan hmuhna hnarte a ni. Heng food

grains te hi ei atan te, hralh atan te, leh a chin atan te dahthat leh vawnthat a ngai a, kan dahthat

zel loh chuan a riral Chaka, a chhe hma a, ei tlak lovin a lo chang mai thin a ni. Hah taka kan

thawhchhuah sa hi him tak leh awmze neia a tharei tur zawnga kan dahthat angai a ni.

2. Buh zem leh chhekin a dah luh hmaa e tihtur: Foodgrains hian hnawng a pai a, chu chu tih

tlem a nih loh chuan buhzem leh chhekinah a chhe mai thin. Food grains in hnawng a pai zat hi

12 % aiin a sang tur a ni lo, Hei aia a san chuan a tichhe tu : rannung chi hrang hrang, hmuar

(Fungus) a lo pung hluai a, a rim a chhe mai thin, chuvangin buhzem, bag leh chhekin a khung

hma in food grains hi a hnawng pai zat hi 12% emaw a aia tlem emaw a tihkian ngei ngei tur an

ni.

3) Engtinge food grains a hnawng awm zat kan hriat theih ang-

1 ) Low Temperature Vacuum : Hetiang atana siam Oven-ah 50°C a sa in a sample an tiro va, a

rihna hloh zel tawh lova hnawng tih kiamna a ni. Hei hi International Standards Organisation leh

Intenational Association of Cereal Chemistry in an hman ber a ni.

2) Air Oven Method : Hetiang atana siam oven ah food grains sample kha darkar khat chhung,

133°C a saah an dah a ni. Hei hi Indian Standard Institution pawhin a hman ber a ni.

3) Electrical Moisture Meter : Hei hi electric hmang chi khawl a ni a, food grains sample kha a

chamber-ah an dah a, a khawl in a hnawng pai tam lam a rawn tilang mai

thin. Hetiang khawl hi Agriculture Department ah pawh a awm. India ram hmun hrang hrang a

bazara food grains an zawrh lai an en chhin na a a hnawng pai tam lam an hmuh dan chu hetiang

hi ani.

Sl No

Food Grains

Month

Moisture

Temperature

Buh Hum

August-

November

December-

January

February-March

April-May

18-25%

16-20%

12-14%

Buhfai

11-16 %

Parboiled Milled

14-18%

Wheat

9-13%

Vaimim

October-

December

January-June

14-20%

11-16%

Buh tun

October-

December

January-June

14-18%

9-12%

Chana chi hrang

hrang

9-12%

Dailuah

12-18%

4.Food grains tih ro dan : Food grains hi seng hnuah zem, bag leh kudama dahthat hmain

phoro phawt tur a ni, a hnawng pai kha 12% aiin a sang tur a ni lo. Kan sawi tawh angin hnawng

awm hi åchhiatna bulpui ber a ni. Tihro dan chi hrang hrangte chu heng te hi a ni:

(1 ) Ni sa a pho ro

(2) Boruak sa a chhem ro

(3) Boruak daia chhem ro - khawl hmangin.

(4) Bawlhlo (Chemicals) hmanga tih ro.

Heng pali zingaa awlsam ber leh man tlawm ber chu Nisa a pho hi a ni. Mizoramah pawh

kan hman lar ber a ni. Boruak sa a chhem ro na khawl hi Chemphai Seed production Farm-ah

AgricultureDepartment in a bun ani.

Nisa a food grains pho nan hian pher, lei vuak bel, silpouline, cement chhuat te hi hman a

ni ber, Buh 1000 Kgs. (1 tonne) a tam hi metre 10 bial ( 10 sq.m) ah apho theih tawk.

Amaherawhchu bun tam tham pho ro tur chuan hlawhfa råwih a ngaia, khaw tuihul lai chuh

angai a, senghawi, chawhleh leh vil a ngai bawka, sava leh ranin an lo tlan ve thei bawk a.

Hetianga riral leh bo thlau hi 0.5 - 2 percent lai a tling thei.

Kudam leh chhekina seng luh hnu pawhin food grains a hnäwng awm hi engemawchen

chu a la control theih. Kudam ah chuan boruak lut leh chhuak awlsam taka chet tir theih nan

tukverh leh ventilators siam ngei ngei tur a ni. Kudam Chung hi a awih chuan boruak kal vel a

tam a, a Chung zawl a nih erawh chuan tukverh leh ventilators hawn deuh reng a ngai. Chubakah

boruak chhe paih chhuah nan hmaizah (exhaust fan) vuah ngei ngei tur ani.

Kudam hawn thengthawt thatna te chu :

(1) Food Grains a awm hnawng hi 6% laiin a tihhniam ve theih.

(2) Food grains dahkhawm hi a sa ve thei a, chuvangin hawn thawt chuan a temperature hi a tla

hniam ve hret thei bawk, Kudam chhungleh zem chhung temperature hi 200°C aiin a sang tur a ni

lo. A san chuan rannung leh hmuar a pung duh.

(3) Hawn thawt hian grains rimchhe tur a veng.

(4) Tukverh leh ventilations hian fumigation tih hnuah boruak rimchhe paih chhuah a ti

awlsam.

5. Food grains dahthat dan kawng hnih : India ramah chuan food grains hi chi hnihin atam dan

azirin dahthat ani. A tlem tham deuh chu buara leh polythine bag-ah emaw, bawm chhin neiah an

dah a, a tam tham, hralh chhuah tur erawh chu chhunsawnin emaw bag a khung hnuah kudamah

an dah a, a chang chuan hmunzawl zau laiah, concrete chhuatah an chhek vum bawk.

Dan naranin food grain tam ber hi chu chhunsawn leh buara bag a daha tian khawm hi

dah dan ber a ni a, amaherawhchu dailuah leh faisa hi chu buara bag a dah ngei ngei tur a ni.

Buara leh polythine bag a food grains dah hi awlsam mahse sazu leh rannung lakah a him

tawk lo. Khawlum leh ruahsur tlemna hmun - Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan leh Gujarat ah te chuan

buara bag a dah hian kum 2 chhung chu food grains a him thei. Mahse India hmarchhak ruahtui

tamna leh humidity sanna ah chuan buara bag a dahthat hi a tih chi loh. Tuifinriat kam hrul ah

chuan food grains dah that hi a chhe hma bik a, thla 8-12 chhung chauh a dah that theih.

Kan hriatna tizau turin bag a dah leh Bulk Storage a dah khaikhinna hi tarlang ila.

Sl No

Particulars

Bag Storage

Bulk Storage

Hmun duh zau lam

5000 tonnes dah nan tin 2

hmun zau a ngai (2 acres)

Tonnes 5000 dah nan tih 1

hmun a ngai

Wheat dahthat rei

theih chhung

kum 1-2

Kum 5-10

Sawisak awlsam

lam

A harsa

A awlsam

Graina hnawng dah

ta ila

A hnawng pai tam lam

16% chauh a dahthat theih

A hnawg pai tam lam 20%

thleng pawh a dahthat theih

Thiar vel

A awlsam zawk a hlawhfa

man senso a tlem

A harsa a, hlawhfa rawih

senso a tam

Fumigation

A remchanglo

A remchang

Rihna hloh zat

1-15% rihna kum khat

chhungin a hloh thei

0.2% rihna kum khat

chhung in a hloh chauh

Eichhetu laka a him

dan

Sazu leh sava lakah a him

lo, Boruak hnawg in a tuam

reng.

Boruak hnawng a lut lo.

6. Buhzem, Chhekin leh Kudam chi hrang hrang te (Storage Facilities) : Food grains dahthat na

hmun hi hlawm 2 lian tak tak ah then a ni. (l) Leihnuaia dah that: Kumzatamlak liam tawh atang

khan leihnuaia food grains dahthat hi India ram lehMeditenanean ramah chuan an 10 Ching

tawh. India ramah chuan food grains hralha ei zavmgho chuan U.P, Bihar, M.P. leh Maharastra-ah

te leihnuaiah food grains hi an chhek thin a ni. Leihnuai buh zemah hian food grains hi kum 2 lai

a dahthat theih. Heng hmunah hian wheat, buh, faisa leh buhtun te an dahtha ber. Leihnuaia

buhzem an siam dan chu hetiang hi ani :- Food grains 500 tonnes leng tur lei an laikhuar a, khur

mavmgah leh bangah buhpawl an phah chhuak vek a, chumi hnu chuan grains chu khurah chuan

an chhung ta a, an duhtawk an chhun hnuah achung chu buhpawl bawkin an chhilh leh a,

buhpawl chungah leiin an vur leh ta thin a ni.An dahlia lai chhinchhiah nan lung an lum bawk

thin.

Leihnuaia food grains dahthat hi a awlsam a, a senso a tlem bawk. Amaherawhchu

hetianga dah grains hi a hmel a mawi lova, rim a nei bawk a, hralh a harsa a, a man a tlawm duh

bawk. A tir dahthat ni a a hnawng pai tam lam kha 8-10% a nih chuan dahthat hnuah chuan

ahnawng pai kha a pung a, 16% lai a thleng thei, hei vang hian a chhia pawh a tam duh a, 6-10%

lai food grains kha a chhe thei a ni.

Lei chung lama dahthat dan : Hei hi hlawm hnihah a then theih:

A. Hulhliapa dah chi :-

(1) Domestic Metal Bin : Inchhung leh Varanda a dah chi a ni. Rangva khawra, tuizem chhin nei

ang a siam ani. Food grains 3-28 quintals dahna leng a siam theih a ni. Heng ah hian wheat,

buhfai, vaimim leh be lam chi leh a chi (seed) tur an dah ber. Sazu leh rannung lakah a him a, tui

leh hnawng pawh a lut thei lo.

(2) Gherelu Theka : A mawngah rangva an hmang a, a bangah rexin lam chi puan zut khawng an

hmang thung, a them nan man an hmang bawk. 2 - 3 , metric tonnes leng a siam a ni. Sazu leh

rannung lakah a him.

(3) Pucca Kothi: Tap aiah emaw varandaah emaw leirawhchan rem khawm in an siam ber,

pindan pahnih a awm, Foodgrains 1 metric tonne dahna leng a siam a ni ber.

(4) Welded Wire Mesh Bin : Thirlen tha tak a bangah an hmang a, a chhung lamah malkalh

puan an phah leh thung. A phui that loh avangin boruak a lutin a chhuak thei, 2.8 metlic tonnes

leng a siam a ni. Buh leh vaimim dah nana siam a ni.

(5) Re-inforced Cement Ring Bins : Iron rod sin phan chiat, cement leh balu a chhun hnana

siam a ni.

(6) Paddy Straw Mud Sturcture : Hei hi buhpawl phuarkhawm, a chhung leh a pawn lama

chirh sawh bana zut phui vek a ni. A pawn lam hi ngun leh zualin hnawng a luh loh nan an zut

nawn leh thin. Sazu in a verhpawh loh nan leirawhchan remkhawm chungah an nghat thin.

Buhhum leh a fai 400 Kgs. dahna lenga siam a ni.

B. Pawn lama dah chi :

(1) Flat and Hopper Bottom Metal Bin : Thir emaw Aluminium rangva a siam a ni.

Leirawhchan remkhawm chungah an nghat a, thenkhat chuan Hopper Bin chu thir banah a

kangin an tung thung. Grains 2 - 10.5 metric tonnes dah nan an hmang. Buh, wheat leh vaimim

dah nana hman a ni.

(2) Compisite Bin : Thir leh thingphel a siam ani. 3 - 14.5 metric tonnes leng a siam a ni.

(3) Ferro Cement Bins : Thirlen, zungpir leng a awng hi a laiah an dah a, cement leh balu

pawlhin achhung lam leh pawnlamah an zut a, a mawng a zawl a, tuizem angin a tungin an siam

thin. Water-proof paint hi a pawn lamah hnawng a luh loh nan an hnawih bawk. 0.5-3 metric

tonnes lenga siam a ni ber.

(4) Pusa Bid : Hei hi siam awlsam, tlawm leh tlo ve, tha tak a ni.

Leirawhchana siam tur chirh tlang chu a bang leh a chhuatah an rem a, chirh sawhban

emaw cement leh balu pawlh emaw in an zut a, a chhung leh a pavm bang inkarah thelret puan

an phah vek bawk. A Chung lamah thingphel - chartin a kalkhang atan an rawlh leh a, chumi

chungah chuan a chhintur an rem leh thin. A hnuai lamah grains lakchhuahna dawt an vuah

bawk. Hei hi leirawhchan rem chungah an sa ber.

Food grains 500 Kg. dahna tur atana hmanraw ngai zat chu :

(1) A chhuat zau zawng (achhung lam) - 61x61 cm

(2) A bang san lam (achhung) - 136cm

(3) Thelretpuan ngai zat a hlai leh 4.5 metre a sei - 180cm

(4) Leirawhchan tur, la rawh loh - 600 Nos.

(5)Leirawhchan, a innghahnatur - 80

(6) A lakchhuahna dawt - 1

(5) Kudam lian : Supply Department ho siam ang hian motor phur tam tak, state khat mamawh

zat leh khaw khat tla tawk tur dahthat nan cement concrete in kudam lian tak tak an sa thin.

Heng hi sazu lakah a him tur a ni a, ruah leh hnawng lakah a him tur a ni bawk. Duhthusam chuan

a chhuat hi sazu luh theih loh nan lei atanga 5 ft. a kang ni se, a chhuat atangin bang aia poh

chhuak 2 ft. emaw tal siam bawk tur a ni.

Mizoram loneitute grains dahthat dan :

A. In chhungah :

(1) Puanthema fun : Thlaichi tlem tham deuh chu puan themin an fun a, rapah an rep thin.

Tungchawah pawh an dah bawk thin.

(2) Tuithawl/Haite: Thlaichi tlem tham deuh Chu tuithawl leh haiteah an dah a, rapchungah an

dah mai thin.

(3) Buara bag : Buhfai leh buh hum phur nga vel tur chu buara bag ah an dah thin.

(4) Papui : Buh phur 5 -10 vel chu päpuiah an dah a, tap aiah an hung mai thin.

(5) Buh zem : Buh phur 10-30 vel chu tap aiah dapin buh zem an bual a, hnahthial hnah a

chhung lamah an phah a, an chhungsawn mai thin.

(6) Thingrem lian : Buh phur 5 (nga) vel dah nan thingphelin thingrem lian an siam a, tap-aiah

an hung mai thin.

B. Pawnah : Pawnah chuan tih dan chi khat chauh an hmang , chu chu in bul huanah chhekin an

sa a, buh phur 50 aia tam chu an dah thin. Chhekin hi a kangin an sa a, a bangah leh a chhuatah

dap an hmang a, a chung atan thilthek, siallu, di leh rangva an hmang thin. Tukverh awm lovin

kawngka pakhat chauh an siam a. A then chuan chhekin chhungah hian buhzem an kual a, a then

chuan chhekin bang chu a chhung lamah dapin an thuah a, hnahthial hnah phahin buh chu an

chhungsawnmai thin.

Hetianga chhekin leh buhzema buh dah hi sazu, ar leh rannung lakah ahim tawk lo a, a

riral bawk. Kum khat ei aia tam dahtur buh an tharngai meuh loh avangin chhekin hi an sa lian

ngailo.

Mizo ten food grains tam tham an dah dan hi a him tawk lova, chuvangin kan sawi tak ho,

tlo leh tha si kha hman zawk tur a ni.

7. Food grains dahthat ei chhe tu rannung chi hrang hrang te :

1. Angomois Grain Moth (Sitotroga cereallela, Lep, Gelechidae) : April - Oct. ah a inthlahpung ber

a, a tui atanga keuin ni 50 chhungin a puitling thei. Fur laiin Food grains an eichhe ber, a pangang

kha buhfang chhungah lutin a chhungril a ei a, a ek a hlawm nuai bawk. Hetiang hian buh leh

grain dang a ei chhiat chuan a rim a chhia a, a hmel a mawi lo bawk. Wheat, vaimim, Faisa leh

Barley te a eichhe ber.

2. Rice Moth Corcyra cephalonica (Lep, Galleridae) : March-Nov chhung hian food grains an ei

chhe ber. A pui pakhat hian tui 62-150 a tui thei. Ni 2-4 chhung a pui a dam, ni 4-7 chhungin a tui

a keu a, a pangang chuan maimawm ril ang a siam a, buhfai a charkhawm a, a seh chhe ta thin a

ni. Hei hian vaimim leh buh a eichhe ber.

3. Indian Meal Moth : Plodia interpunctella (Lep. Phycitidae) : A pangang in bekang leh chhang ro

te a seh chhe thin. A pui-moth kha chhekin khat atangin a dangah a thlawk kual a, a tui zel a,a

darh ta thin a ni.

4. Khapra beetle : Trogodermagranarium : (Celeop, Dermesti dae) : A note, a pangang chauhin

faisa, buh barley, chana vaimim te a eichhe thin. July-Oct. chhung hi a chet nasat

hun a ni.

5. Rice Weevil : Sitophilus oryzae (Coleop: Curculionidae) : A pui leh a note in buhfai an

eichhe thin. April-Oct. chhungin an in thlah pung a, a pui pakhat hian tui 400 lai a tui thei.

Buh, wheat, vaimim leh faisa an eichhe ber. An mamawh tawk aia tam an eichhe thin.

6. Lesse Grain Borer : Rhizopertha dominica (Coleop, Bostrichidae) : A pui leh a note in vaimim,

buh, faisa, barley, dal leh buhtun an eichhia a. March-Dec. chhungin an in thlahpung a, a pui in tui

400 lai a tui thei. Grain chhungah lutin achhung tui lai an eichhe thin.

7. Gram Dhora : Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleop, Bruchidae) : A note chauhin a eichhe thung.

March-Nov. chhungin an in thlahpung a, a pui pakhatin 113 a tui thei, grain fang chhungah a tui a,

tah vek chuan a thang zel a, a puitlin thlengin a tawm thin.

April-Sept. chhung hian thil an ti chhe tam. Chana chi hrang hrang, behlawi leh Dal,

vaimim leh faisa te an eichhe ber.

Control measures :

1. Surface treatment : Buhzem leh kudam chhuat te, buara bag te grain dah hmain Malathion 5

g/litre of water in kah phawt tur ani.

2. Thlai chi tur chu malathion 5%@250 g per quintal of seed nen chawhpawlh hnuah dahthat

chauh tur a ni.

3. Fumigation : Kudam liana food grains dah chu boruak rimchhia tichhuak thei bawlhhlo

(Fumigants) in ur (fumigate) thin a ni a, hetiang atana an bawlhhlo hman te chu heng te hi ani :

(a) Aluminiumphosphide@1-2 tablets/metlic tonne.

(b)EDB: 3 ml Ampoules –for l quintal

2 ml Ampoules -for 6 quintals

20 ml Ampoules - for 15 quintals

4. Sazu : Kudam, chhekin leh ina sazu awm chu tura hrai thin ani a. Sazu-tur (Rodenti-cides) lar

zual te chu heng te hi a ni:

(1) Zinc phosphide -2 %

(2) Bromadiolone cake.

KHUANU DUANSA ZULZUIA LO NEIN (Organic Farming )

- RL.Thanzuala

District Agril. Officer, Kolasib

Organic farming/organic agriculture han tih mai chuan hrilhfiah vak pawh ngai tawh lo

in mi tam ber chuan a awmzia tlangpui chu kan hre tawh in a rinawm.

International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) (Khawvel pum

huapa private sector a pawl ding, a hnuaiä ram 100 chuang atanga pawl (organisation) member

750 vel zet nei) in organic agriculture a hrilhfiah dan chu - "10 neih dan chi hrang hrang, mahse

min hual veltu nungcha, sik leh sa leh mihringte kan nun ho na thleng a harsatna thlen lo mai nilo

a tanpui thei kawng zawnga lo neih a thlaithar chhuah hi a ni" tiin a hrilhfiah.

A tir atangin Khuanu’n thil a siam hian kan awmna lei te, a chunga ransa thing leh mau

chi tinrengte, leh mihring te thlengin, in ring tawn a, in chhawr tawn theuh turin a siam a, a tam

lam pawh in buk tawk nalh takin a siam a. Lei kan han tih mai thlai kan chinna ringawt pawh hi a

lo siam ropui in thil nung tangkai in a khat a lo ni ber mai. A chhut mi ten an chhut tak tak chuan

'lei chhunga thilnung awm te buk rih zawng leh a chunga ramsa awm te buk rih zawng hi a intluk

a ni' an ti. Awih a har i ti em? Awih loh ngawt chi lah ni si lo. Thil nung tinreng ten ni atangin

chakna kan hmu a, thlaite, ransa leh mihring ten kan ei a, kan ek leh zun te thlai tan chaw tha tak

a lo ni leh a, thlaiin a lo hmang tangkai a, tiang chuan in ringtawn leh in mamawh tawn vek kan

ni. Khuanu hian thil rengreng hi tangkaina nei lo in a siam lo, engtikawng emaw tala tangkaina

nei vek an lo ni. Vangvat pawh hi tangkaina nei lo awm tak hi, thisen dah that theihna hmuh

chhuahphah na a ni an tih Chu! Tunlåi chuan "Thisenpek a ngai" tih kan hriat lar em hi.

Pathian thil siamah a chuang, a tangkai lo a awm lo. Chutih laiin mihring in a siam ve chu

a thatna lai ah tha fu mahse kawng dangin nghawng thalo a nei fo. Nuclear kan tih fo te pawh a

tangkaina zawn ah tangkai in chhawr viau mah ila, a ek-chhia tih ral na/paih bona ah an buai tlat.

Cell phone tunlaia lar tak te pawh hian, taksa ah nghawng tha lo, Cancer etc. te pawh thlen thei

mai awm ten chhui zawmna a awm ta zel. (finfiahna fak chu a la awm lo na chungin).

Khuanu hian a thil siam te hi a lo rem fuh in a duan dan hi a ropui ngei e. Hemi in balance

taka a siam hi mihring ten kan tih buai/ khaihlak ve leh harsatna min thlen mai zawk pawh a.

Thuhriltu 7:29 ah chuan 'Ngaiteh hei hi ka hriat chhuah tak chu a ni; Pathian in tluang taka nung

turin mihringte a siam a, an ni erawh chuan an ti khirhkhan zo vek a ni tih hi" a lo ti a. Mihring te

hian mawh kan phur lian hle a ni. Hemi tibuai lo leh a tanpui zawng zawk a lo neih hi organic

farming in a tum ber chu a ni. Chuvangin kei chuan "Khuanu rilrem zawng leh a duan sa zulzui a

lo neih hi Organic agriculture chu a ni" ka ti mai.

Tunlai thiamna thar in a tum ber chu lo neih dan nghet leh tlo (sustainable), kan chenna

leilung, nungcha, Sik leh sa ti chhe lo zawng leh mihring te tan pawh nghawng tha lo thlen lo,

tuna a dam te tan mai nilo, kan thlah kalzel tur te pawh in harsatna an neih loh theih dan tur

zawng a lo neih hi a ni a. Hei hi Organic Agriculture Principle in nghahna a ni bawk.

Agriculture hi mawl tak, mimawl ber pawh in a tih mai theih ni a a lan lai in, hlawhtling

tak tak tur chuan. Agriculture Science hi Science har ber a ni. A chi in ang rau rau ah a chin hun,

tuipek rau rau ah a pek hun leh pek tlem lehpek tam, etc. ten kawngro an su hle, chumai a ni lo.

Science thiamnaa control mai theih loh khawkheng, tuilian, rial leh a dang te avangin a nih tur

ang kan thleng lo fo. Chuvangin Agriculture ah chuan hmana tha kha tunah a tha lo, hmana tha lo

kha tunah a tha leh ta zawk tih tur a awm fo. Entirnan: A hun laia thlaivenna tha a an sawi DDT te

tunah chuan mihring tan a that loh zia hria in Agriculture ah chuan hman phal miah loh (totally

band) a ni. Chutiang chuan chemical fertilizer leh Synthetic chemical dang te pawh in mihring

tana tha lo lei leh tui ah te a hnutchhiah avangin a tlemthei ang ber hman tum a lo nita.Entirnan-

Mihring tana pawilo chin a lei a tui (ground) in Nitrate a pai theih sangber chu 30 anih laiin,

Punjab ah te chuan chemical fertilizer & chemical dangte an hman tam avangin 300 daihin ( a let

sawm a sang) ah a chho a ni.

Chuvangin mihring siam chawp damdawi (Synthetic chemicals) te hi reilote atan chuan

tha viau mahse, kan chenna leilung, nungcha leh mihring ah te thlengin reilote ah nghawng thalo

a nei thuai thin a, chuvangin heng hi kan hman uar chuan lo neih dan ngelnghet (Sustainable

Agriculture) kan thleng lo ang tih hi tunlai Agriculture khawvel a ngaihdan thar lianpui chhuak ta

chu a ni.

Chuvangin ramchangkang zawkah te chuan Organic farming hi an tuipui in an uar sawt

em em a, kum 1980 chho vel atang khan a lar chho tan in, 1990, 2000 vel ah te phei chuan

Organic farming hi a thang chak em em a. Hetih lai hian Mizoram chu Agriculture a kan

hnufumna leh chemical te kan la hman tam loh avang hian Organic farming ah hian awlsam te in

kan kal thei in a lang.

Organic Farming a thil pawimawh ber chu Khuannu duansa a, khua rel dungzui a thlai

chin hi ani ber a, thil chik leh tih mai mai loh erawh a ngai thung a, organic a kan luh ngheh tawh

chuan a tlo pawh a tlo thung bawk. Hemi atana thil tam tak zingah thla (moon) leh Agriculture

inlaichinna tlem lo sawi ila :-

1. Thla hlei nga (Full Moon) leh Agriculture :-

a) Thla hlei nga hma darkar 48 chhung hian leiah hnawng a tam in, thlai an thang chak. Hei vang

hian thlaiseng hun atan chuan hun tha ani lo.

b) Thla hlei nga lai hian thlaichi an tiak awl in a thang chak a, chhawk nona hmuam hma pawh a

dam chak.

c) Hnawng a tam avangin thlainatna thlen tu (fungus) pawh an pun chak hun a ni. Chumai nilo in

thlai eichhetu rannung a bik tak in hnapkhawn lampang chet nan pawh hun tha a ni bawk.

d) Thlaichaw, a tuiril a pek chi tan pek hun tha a ni.

e) Hetih hun hian ruah a sur duh hle bik bawk.

2. Thla de tir lam leh Agriculture :

a) Thlaichi tuh nan a tha lo.

b) Thing kihhun tha a ni.

c) Mi tam tak chuan thladet leh hma chiah (thla mang lai hian) lo neih lam hna reng reng an

thawk duh lo.

3.Thla det hun : Lei a thawkchhuah hun a ni in lei chung lama thlaikung leh hnah te

than a tha, thlaiseng hun tha a ni bawk.

4. Thla ral lam hun : Lei a thawk luh hun a ni in, lei hnuai/chhung lama thlai, a bulbal, a zung te

than a tha. Leileh nan te, leitha siam nan te, thlaiphun nan te leh thlaikung Phun tur (stem

cutting) Siam nan te hun tha a ni bawk. Thlai bul bal lei hnuai lam a mi ta seng hun tha a ni in,

thei kung leh pangpar te chhawk no hun tha a ni bawk.

Tlangkawmna : Organic farming ah chuan loneih/thlai chinna atan a thil tul, thlaichaw leh a

venna te pawn lam atanga a tlem thei ang ber hman a, a tam thei ang ber a hmuna khuanun a lo

dah sa hman tangkai hi a tum a ni. A tantirah a harsa duh a, a bul tan fuh laklawh tawh hnu chuan

awlsam takin a tih theih in a hautak lo in, a hlawk zawk tih hi hrechiang tawh te tawn hriat a ni.

Tin, eizawnna reng reng a hlawhtlinna nei tur chuan taihmakna leh thawh rimna tello chuan a

neih theih loh. Hei hi organic farming ah pawh a hlawhtlinna lungphum ber tur ani. Thawhrim

chu chawlhna nuam ani si a.

LONEITUTE TAN THLAI CHI THA PAWIMAWHNA TE

C. Lalzarliana

Project Director,

MIP Executive Authority

1. Loneitute tan Thlai chi tha pawimawhna te :

Kan Pipute thufing "Sial rangin sial rang a hring, Sakawlin sakawl a hring" tih te, "Kawi

pawh akawm a that leh a rah a tha a, a kawm a that loh leh a rah a tha lo'' an lo ti a. Agriculture

Scientist ten an zirin thlaichi tha pawimawh zia an hmu chhuak thar zel a. Chuvangin thlaichi tha

chu Green Gold (Rangkachak Hring) an ti hial a ni. Chutiang thlai chi tha chu :-

a) Thlai chi (variety) dik tak, hrisel tha kung puitling tawh uluk taka enkawl atanga rah

chhuah an ni tur a ni.

b) Thlaichi atang hian natna te an inkaidarh theih thin avangin natna hrik lakah an fihlim

tura ni.

c) Thlaichi hrisel chu a tiak tha a, a thang duang a, rah a chhuah tha a, enkawl zui a nuam a,

ei atan aitawm a, hralhsum ah pawh man a man bik a ni.

Ram changkang apiangah thlaichi tha leh hrisel an ngai pawimawh a, a chi siam chhuak

tu bik - Seed Certification Agency an siam a. Mithiam ten uluk taka thlaichi lak atanga a seng

thleng a an enzui pui thlap hnua an duhthusam chauh an certified thin. Chutianga certify chauh lo

chu thlaichi atan an hralh chhuak ngai lo a ni.

A bul tan that hi a chanve zo tluk ani tih thufing hi thlaichi tha hmanna ah hian a inphum

tlat ani.

2. Synthetic Chemical Fertilizer leh Pesticide - loneitute tan an tangkaina leh an sulhnu tha

lo te :-

Khawvelah mihring kan pung zel a mahse ram erawh a pung silo. Kan thlai thar chhuahte

a lo pun theihnan Agricultural Scientist ten kawng hrang hrangin tan an la a, lei tihthatna

fertilizers te, thlai te an hmuchhuak a. Heng chemical te hmang hian thlai an enkawl a thlai thar

pawh a pun phah hle reng ani.

Mahse mihring thiamna pawh hian tawp chin a lo nei hle mai. Kum engemawzat an hman

hnuah heng chemical te hian leilung, thlai, tui leh mihringah tha lo hnutchhiah a nei tih

hmuhchhuah a ni leh ta a.

Chung te chu :-

i) Soil Fertility (Lei thatna) a ti chhia.

ii) Rannung in ei tawn tur an rem avangin eichhetu rannung leh natna a pung

iii) Thlai tharchhuah te hlutna a ti hniam.

iv) Thlai, Lei leh Tui ah tür (poison) a hnutchhiah avangin hriselna atan a tha lo.

v) Thlai enkawl a harsa tial tial a, thlai thar pawh atlem tial tial.

3. Mizoram Organic Farming Bill - 2004 passed a nihna chhan :

India Sawrkar chuan ram leilung thatna humhalh a, thlai thårchhuah te man man zawka

hralh a nih theihnan kum 2000 AD khan National Programme for Organic Production a duang

chhuak a. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh pawhin, “Tunah chuan Fertilizer leh Pesticide hmang

tlem State te chuan Organic Farming a lut in hlawkna tam tak an hmu thei dawn a. Organic

Product hlutna chu a san daih zawk avangin rural development pawh chutiang zawnga kalpui ni

se", tiin a sawi. Chutichuan Mizoram Leilung hlutna vawn nun reng nan leh thlai thar hlutna te a

lo san zawk nan, July 12.2004 khan Mizoram Legislative Assembly chuan lungrual takin The

Mizoram Organic Farming Bill-2004 chu a pass ta a ni.

4. Organic Farming chu enge ni ?

Organic Farming chu leilunga hausakna inphumsa humhalh a, tangkai thei ang bera thlai

chinna atana hman hi a ni. He system hian leilung awm dan pangngai mil zelin tui, boruak leh lei

chunglang thatna te hmang tangkai a, leilunga nunna nei awm reng reng te hriselna leh lei

chunglang luangral tur te a humhalh tlat a, mihring leh thil dang tana pawi thei chi Chemicals

aiah ran ek leh thlai tawih leitha te leh Bio-fertilizers leh bio-pesticides te hmangin thläi a enkawl

zawk a ni. Eden huan enkawlna atan pawh khan Organic Product hlir an lo hmang a, chuvangin

thlai te an thain an hrisel a, a eitu mihring leh ran te pawh an hriselin an dam rei bik a lo ni.

Chuvangin Eden huan technology kha Organic Farming dik tak chu a lo ni.

5. Organic Farming Thatna te :

i) Thlai hnah tawih leh thilnung inei tawnin lei tha an siam.

ii) Thil nung chi hrang hrang inei tawn avangin natna leh eichhe tu rannung lakah thlai te

an him.

iii) Thlai thar a hlawk a, a hlu bik a, hralh a nuam bik.

iv) Kan chenna leilung leh min tuamtu boruak a vawng tha.

v) Buh leh thlai thar chhuah te an hrisel a, hun reitak chhung an vawn that theih a ni.

vi) Leilung pianzia (soil structure) a ti tha a, lei a char ve ngai lova, leiin tui leh hnawng a pai

tha bik a, leilung hanna a cham rei bik a, chu chu thlaiin a ngeih a ni.

STEVIA REBAUDIANA (Honey leaf) (Khawizu Imai,)

By: Lalrinsangi

Facilitator, Extension Section

Dte. of Agriculture

Steviarebaudiana hi hnim chikhat thlum tak a ni a, Paraguay (South America) ram a

awm thin a ni a. Kum 1500 aia tam mah he hnim hi chini aiah an lo hmang tawh a. Stevia hi

Asteraceae chhungkaw zing ami a ni a, ‘Cheeni Tulsi' emaw 'Mou Tulasi' tiin an sawi bawk

thin. Khawvel hrang hrang ah an ngaisang tan hle a, natural thil ngaihsanna lo zual zelah

hian thil tih/siam thlum nan an la hmang nasa telh telh dawn niin alang. Stevia rebaudiana hi

stevia thlai zinga pakhat a ni a. Heng thlaichi tam tak zinga thlum pechhuak thei awm pahnih

zinga pakhat zawk a ni, thil thlum steviol glycosides hi a hnah atangin a lak chhuah theih a ni.

He thlai hi a lo pianchhuahna hmun chu RIO manday Paraguay hmun sang laiah a ni a, helai

hmunah hian lui bul ah an to thin. Helai hmun a cheng Guarani Indians te chuan he hnim thlum

tak Kaa-he-he (hnim thlum) an tih mai Stevia thatna hi kum zabi tam tak kal tawh ah khan an

lo hre daih tawh mai a, he hnim hian thil dang zawng aiin thlum a pe chhuak chak zawk tih an

hre daih tawh a, a tlangpuiin he hnim hnah hi an thil in thin kha tak mai tih thlum nan te,

damdawi siam nan te leh ei atan te an hmang thin.

He thlai hi kan thil ei chaw lam chi tih thlum nana hman tangkai theih a, tin, damdawi

lam siamna chikhat atan te Phytosterols siam nan te (damdawi pawimawh tak tak siam na) a

hman theih bawk a, a hnah her tawhna hnu hi ran chaw ah a hman tangkai leh theih bawk a, a

kung hi Cellulose siam nan a hman theih bawk a ni. He thlai hi kawng hrang hrang in a hman

tangkai theih ani.

A chanchin tlangpui: Stevia hi Asteraceae thlaizing ami ani a. 65-70cm a sang ani. A hnah chu

bial sawl deuh, kuang neilo in a to a, achanve Chung lam zawng atangin ahmawr a kir deuh a, te

reuh te tein a var in a par a, kung khatah apar bawr a, heng par te reuhte te te hi Parbawr leh

Brocolli ang hian hlawm khatin an awm a. Oddone (1997) chuan stevia te hi rannung hmangin an

inthlah chhawng niin a sawi a, a chi te hi a rah pakhat zelah pakhat a awm a 3mm vel a lian a ni a.

Heng a rah pakhat zel hian sam ang deuh a thil hmul khawng tak 20 (sawmhnih) vel zel a nei a, a

dum leh sen uk an ni a, a chi dum hi a sen uk ho aiin arit zawka, enchhinna ah chuan a chi 1000

zel hi 300-178mg a rit a ni. Stevia hian darkar 14 vel a mamawh a, stevioside hi ni rei deuh na

hmunah a tam bika, stevia hi an par hma chiahin seng tur a ni, hemi hun hi Steviol glycoside a

tam ber lai a nih vang a ni a. Seng hnu hian a kungte chu tih ro phawt a, a ro hnuah a hnah lak

hran leh tur a ni.

Stevia hnah hian thlum siamna chi stevioside, rebaudiside -A, rebaudiside-C, dulcoside

leh thil dang paruk lai a keng tel a, hengte hi thau siam lo chi vek an ni a. Hengte hi Chini

pangngai aiin a let 250 in a thlum zawk a, sucrose aiin a let 300 in a thlum a ni.

A hnah atang hian stevioside hi 9-10% (12% thleng) te pawh a lakchhuah theih a, heihi

chini pangngai aiin a let 300 in a thlum zawk a, chumai bakah hei hian thau a pai lo

bawk. Stevioside hi thil tih thlumna chi hrang hrang ah a hman theih a, in tur lam chi te,

chhang siam nan te a hman theih a; chini hmanna chi reng reng ah chuan a hman theih

vek a ni. Stevia atanga thlum lak chhuah hi a an theihloh avangin chini atanga rawng

uk siam ang erawh hi chu a theih ve loh a ni.

Sumdawnnan a hman theih dan tur: Stevia rebaudiana hi thil siam nan a thlai tangkai tak tur a

ni a. Eitur lam tih thlum nan te, damdawi siam nan te (chlorophyll) leh damdawi

pawimawh tak tak siam a hman theih a, chumai bakah Agriculture lam a thlaithan duh nan a an

hman gibberellins a siam chhuah theih bawk a, a hnah te hi paih mai lovin, ran tan chawtha tak a

ni a, a bik takin Beram leh Kel chaw atan a tha a. A kung a hnah lak tawhna hun atang hian cellu-

lose a la lak chhuah theih bawk. Stevia hi liantham takin sumdawn nan an la hmang em

em lo a. Hmun tam zawkah pawh stevia atanga thlum siam chhuah a sumdawn hi a la lar em em

lo bawk. Rin aiin stevia chin hian hma a sawn lo hle a ni.

Stevioside leh sumdawn nan a hman theihna : Stevioside hi thil thlum, stevia hnah atanga lak

chhuah a ni a, heihi fu atanga siam chini aiin alet 300 in a thlum zawk a ni. Stevia hnah hian

Stevioside hi 15- 20% a keng a. Rebaudioside A hi thlum awmkhawmna pakhat ani a, hei pawh hi

he thlai atang hian a lak chhuah theih bawk a, hei hian Stevioside aiin thlum a keng hnem zawk

nghe nghe ni. Heng Stevioside leh Rebaudioside A te hi tunlaiah chuan thau ti tlem chi chini siam

nan ram tam takin an hmang a, a bik takin Japan ramah an hmang nasa hle.

Vietnam ram in saccharin leh cyclamate te hralh chhuah aphal tawhloh avangin

Stevioside leh rebaudioside -A te hi thauna tello chini siam nan a tangkai tulh tulh dawn a. Hemi

avang hian Vietnam ram ah chuan Kum 1988 khan Stevia rebaudiana hi a chin dan leh a enkawl

dan te zir chian atan an la lut nghe nghe. A chi leh a tang atang te in a chin pun theih a, ram bung

hmun hrang hrang tlangram ah leh lui ruam ah te a chin theih a. He thlaichindan leh enkawl dan

tur hi tunah chuan Chiang takin a hmuh theih tawh a, amaherawhchu, tam tham tak a thar

chhuah tum chu thil harsa tak a la ni. Ahnahro hi 1000-1500 kg/ha vel a thar chhuah theih a, a

thar hun chhung hi ni 75-80 vel a ni. A hnah atang hian glycoside hi 8% vel leh a tang atangin 1 %

vel athar chhuah theih.

Hralh theih na turte : Khawvelah hian kumtin chini lam chi siam chawp te hi 62,000 tonnes kan

ei ral a. He mamawhna sang tak hi stevia hi ram 186,000 hac. a zauvah chingta ila kan phuhruk

thei dawn a ni. Europe ramah hetiang chini lam siam chawp hi kum khat ah 10,000 tons an

mamawh a, hei hi stevia 26,000 Ha. chin in a phuhru zo a ni. Khawvel ah stevia atanga herchhuah

hi kumtin20000 ton. vel ei ral ani a. Japan ramah ringawt pawh 50 ton vel kumtin an hmang a ni.

India ramah hian tunah him mi nuai 210 velin zunthlum an vei ni a rin a ni a, kum2010 ah phei

chuan mi nuai 600 vel a an pun belh rin ani. Hetiang khawpa zunthlum vei kan tam avang hian

eitur siamchhuaktu te hian zunthlum veitute ngaihtuah chungin thil an siamzel avang te leh

Thingpui hi India rama thil pawimawh tak a nih avangte hian stevia hi kan ram tan a tangkai

dawn hle ani.

Boruak sik leh sa leh a lei dungzawng: Stevia hi hmun lum lutuk lo a awm chi a ni a, tin,

kumhlun chi a ni bawk. A zung hi a thuk lo a, a kung hi a khawng a, hnah bialsawl deuh a chhuah

bawk a ni. Thlasik vawt lutuk lo, serthlum that duhna hmunah an tha duh hle a. He thlai hi hmun

sang ah an that duh mai bakah glycosides an pai hnem bik bawk. Zanlam boruak vawt an ngeih lo

a. Sik leh sa 100-350C vel ah an to thin a, mahse, a that duh ber na chu 150-300C inkar velah uluk

taka enkawl chungin a tha duh bik. Khawvawt tak-60C ah pawh an thi mai bik lo bawk.

Stevia hi lei chitin reng ah an to thei a, amaherawhchu, a tha ber chu balu leh tlak lei lam

chi leitha ah a ni. Lei ban leh tak lutuk ah an to tha thei lo thung. He thlai hi lei thur lam deuh ah

an awm duh bik a. Stevia chin nan hian lei sen leh balu lam deuh pH 6-7 a tha bik. Tin, lei hnawng

tui tling silo an mamawha. Tui a tlin chuan heng thlaite hi an tawih thei. Duhthusamah chuan lei

chhun pawn 4-6 inches vel asang leh 3ft vel a hlai ah tlar hniha phun a tha. Drip Irrigation

hmanga tui pek hi a tha bera. Nipui laia nisat lutukna hmunah chuan daihlim siamsak an

mamawh. Sik leh Sa an tana tha ber chu 50,000-60,000 Lux nisa darkar 12 aia tam nikhat

chhungin an mamawh a, temperature 25-350°C nen. Nisat chhung hian nasa takin a nghawng a,

Stevioside a hnah a mite khani reina hmunah chuan a tam bik a. Nipui laia ni rei hun leh favang

lai hun te hi ahnah than nan a tha a. Ni reiloh hun lai chuan par achhuah hma bik a ni. Stevia hi lei

chi hrang hrang ah tui tha taka pek chuan an to tha em em a.. Tha taka enkawl chuan 1m emaw a

aia sang ten an thang thei bawk.

He thlai hi thil thlum lam chi zunthlum te tana ei tur siam nan leh thau lutuk ven nan te a

tangkai em em a ni.

Chin tur thlan dan : Stevia thlai te hi an thlum dan a inang lo vek a, chuvangin, a thlum bik te

thlan chhuah a; lak tur a ni.

Tih pun dan: Stevia hi tihpun dawn chuan a tang phunin a nung hma em em a, amaherawhchu,

tha a heh hle ani. A chi atang a tih pun tum chu achangin an tiak tha lo a, chubakah a quality a in

anglo duh bik a, heng avangte hian a tang Phun hi a awlsam a ni. A tang phun dawn hian azung

siamhmatir thei damdawi ah chiah phawt a phun a tha. A tang Phun tur hi 2-4 inches vel a sei ni

se. Tin, a hnah pahnih vel lei atanga hnai te a a tang chawr ni bawk se. Ahnah 2 emaw 3 te reuh te

te chauha chhip lama zuahin phun tur ani. Damdawi paclobutrozol @ 100 PPM hmanin a zung

reilote ah a kai mai a, he damdawi hmang tan chuan Feb-March vel a

Phun in an tha duh bik a ni. Phun hma hian zung an kaih nan kar 2-3 vel a phunna bik

siam ah phun phawt a, chumi hnu ah poly bags (4.3 inch) ah kar2-4 vel dah léh a, chumi hnu ah

Phun chhuah tur a ni. Polybag a dah lai hian nisat na lai berah dah tur a ni. Stevia tihpun hi

kumhluna chinglo tan chuan pawimawh tak a ni.

Phunna tur siam dan : Kan Phun sawnna tur hmun lei chu vawi hnih vel kan let chhuak vek ang

a, FYM leitha 25MT/ac kan pawlh anga, heihi leileh hnuhnung berah lei nen pawlh tur ani.

Tuihawk paihna turte leh tui pekna tur te ruahman zawh a, bial a then tur ani.

Lei chhunpawn Siam: Lei chhun pawn Siam hi stevia thlai tan hian a tangkai em em a. Lei hi

15cm a sang leh 60cm vela zau a chhunpawn tur a ni, a tlar a siam dawn chuan heng lei

chhunpawn kar hlat hi 40cm a in hlat tir tur ani. Thlai hi 23cm vel zelin an in hlat bawk tur a ni.

Hetianga tih hian thlaikung 30,000/acre kan nei thei dawn a ni.

Phundan: May thla tir leh laihawlah Stevia hi phun sawn tur a ni a, 50-60x45cm emåw 45x30 cm

a inhlat in phun tur a ni, hetiang kung 1hectare khatah a neih theih a, zing deuh a phun hian thar

chhuah a ti tam a. Duhthusamah chuan hectare khatah kung atanga 1,55,000 Phun a tha.

A enkawl dan : Stevia hi leitha tak ah an tha duh hle a, azung te hi a in kaihthuk loh avangin lei

chunglang hanna an ei deuh ber a, chuvangin a to na lei hi vaivut lam chi a nih chuan leitha

(vawkek etc.) pek an mamawh a. An than len lai hian vawt an tuar theilo a, hei vang hian tui tling

lo tur a uluk taka enkawl an ngai a ni. Par chhuah loh nan ven uluk an ngai a, zarbuk tak an neih

theih nan lehpar an chhuah mai loh nan a zik sih chhum a tha.

Leitha pek : He thlai hian leitha a mamawh em em lovin a lang a, mahse, kan phunna tur lei hriat

chian erawh a tha hle. Stevia hian Phosphoric acid leh potash lam aiin nitrogen lam a mamawh

zawk a. Hei vang hian Organic Fertilizers ho hi a tha em em a ni.

Fertilizer hi 110:45:45 Kg NPK/ac. a pek a tha a. Hei hi Urea 4½ bags, DAP 2 bags leh

Potash 2 bags nen a in tluk a. DAP hi a vaiin vawikhat ah pek a, nitrogen leh pot- ash te erawh hi

chu thlatin tlem tlem a pek tur a ni thung. Nitrogen pek hi thar chhuah tam nan a tangkai em em a

ni. Achangin, Stevia thlai hian boran a tlachham thin a, hei vang hian ahnah te a lo tial thin, hemi

ti reh tur hian Borax@69% pek a tha. Manganese a kah hian ahnah thar a ti hlawk in Stevioside

pawh a ti pung an ti bawk.

Tui pek : Tui hi tam tak a mamawh a, hei vang hiannipui lai chuan tui pek fo a tha Nip-li lai hian

ni 8 danah tui pek tur a ni. A tlangpuiin a zik no te an lo vuai tan deuh hian tui an pe thin. A kung

ro tur vengtur hian a kung bul a leitha (compost leh mulch) pek a tha bawk. Micro-sprinkler

hmanga tui pek hi angeih ber a, hemi hmang hian thlasik lai chuan nikhat ah vawikhat pek a,

nipui lai in vawihnih pek tur a ni. Amaherawhchu, hei pawh hi chinna hmun boruak a zira tih mai

tur a ni, Thlai in tui a mamawh ang tawk a hmuh theih nan tui pek hi uluk taka tih tur ani.

Hnimsuat : Hnimthahnahlo hman tur ani lo a, hnim te chu pawh faia emaw thlawh fai tur a ni.

Thlai te hi lei chhunpawnah chin an nih avangin hnim thlawh fai hi awlsam tak in a tih theih ani.

Rannung : Rannung thlai eichhe chi ho hi pangang chikhat cut-worm tih loh chu a awm mang lo

a. Septoria natna erawh chu thlai upa lutukah a awn thei. He thlai hi a thlum avangin ramsa ten

an duh hle a, ramhnuai hnaih a chin chuan sazupui te sazuk ten an ei duh hle a, heng lakah hian

ven an ngai thin.

Organic Production : Organic lam chi hman hian Stevia thar a ti hlawkin a ti tha a. Organic lei

tha hmanin an tha duh hle a. Stevia hian rannung duh loh chi a pai tel tih hriat chhuah a ni bawk

a, hei hi mihring tan a hlauhawm chi ani lo bawk a, a thlumna hian rannung te ah a veng ni ngei

tur a ni. Khau hian Stevia chinna hmun hi a kal kan an ti a ni.

A par paih : Stevia hnah hian Stevio-sides a pai avang leh photosynthesis a awm khawm avangin

par lo a, hnah tamtak a chhuah theih nan a enkawl a tul a. Par chhuah lo tur a enkawl hi

phunsawn atanga ni 30, 45, 60, 75 ah te tih tur a ni a. Tin, senghun velah ni 85 na velah tihleh

bawktur a ni; seng atanga ni 45 hnuah a chhuah a, chuvangin, a par paih hi ni 40 leh 55 ah tih a

seng hun vel ni 90 na ah tih bawk tur.

Thar dan : Seng hun hi chinna hmun a zir te, a chi leh Phun hun a zir ten a danglam thei a. A

tlangpuiin September thla laihawl atanga chawhnu lam ah an seng thin a. Thlaikung hi 570 cm a

sang an nih hnu ah seng tur a ni. Nirei lohnahmunah an par hma bik a. Thar

hlawk hun leh tha ber chu par an chhuah hma chiah hi a ni. 75cm a sang 45-60cm vel a zau

an than hnu ah thar a tha.

A hnah thar hnu hian to leh zel tura kan duh chuan a hnah hmun thum a then a hmun

khat zuah tur a ni a, a hnah hi an Sik chhum mai thin a, a nihloh pawhin a kung hi lei atanga 10-

15cm vel a sangah tan mai tur a ni. Thar hun hi tih tlai a tha, achhan chu boruak

tlem a vawt leh ni rei loh hun lai hian par a ti chhuak hma a, an par hma chiah hun hian an

thlum zual bik a ni. He thlai hian vawt lutuk a duh lo a, khawvawh lutuk lai chuan thlaite hi

khuh emaw ven him an tha.

A kung lak dan awlsam ber chu Bakcheh lian a Cheh chhum a ni a, 4 inches vel a sang

zuah tur a ni. A hnah ang bawkin a kuang no te pawn stevioside an pai avangin dah that tel ve tur

a ni bawk. Kumthum hnu ah thlai te hi a hlawk zawk nan Phun thar leh thin tur a ni.

Thar hnu a enkawl dan : Thlaihnah te hi a kung atanga lak hian a kuangte paihtur a ni. A hnah

hring hi chini aiah thingpui ah a hman theih a, tin ei mai theih a ni bawk. A hnah hi tha tur chuan

pho ro a ngai a, a nih loh pawn sa lutuk lo a hem ro tur a ni. A hnahno te hi tih dip a hrik leh thlap

in bura dah that mai tawh tur a ni. A hnahro hi kumrei tak chhung a thlum reng a. Tin, stevia

hnahhring tih dip hian a chakna leh thlumna awm hi chi hnih viz: Steviaside (3-10% hnahro ah)

leh Rebaudioside A (l -3%) an ni a. Heng hi sucrose aiin a let 250 a thlum an ni. Stevioside hi chini

chi ho aia a thatna dang leh chu temperature sang lutuk (100°C) ah pawh a ngai reng a pH pawh

3-9 a ni reng a. Tin, arawng a thlak lo bawk a ni.

Tihrodan : Thlaihnah leh akuang te hiihar veleh tih ro tur a ni a, Khawl hmang leh Ni hmang ten

tih ro theih a ni. Khaw awm dan a zirin darkar 24 atanga darkar 48 Stevia tih ro nan hian a ngai a

(40°C-50°C). A tih ro nan hian puan emaw phah a pho mai tur a ni. Sa lutuk pawh a ngai chuang

lo a, a pawimawh ber zawk chu boruak awm dan a ni a. Nisat thatni ah chuan darkar 12 vel

chhungin a pho ro theih a. Inchhungah tih ro na khawl hmang pawn a tih ro theih a,

amaherawhchu, ni a pho ro hi a tha in a awlsam ber a ni.

Stevia atanga thlum la chhuak tur chuan a ro hnua tih dip leh hi ani tawh mai a, ti dip tur

hian den sawm emaw, her na khawla her mai tur a ni. A tui a Siam chuan tui lum no khatah Stevia

no chanve chanve leh (1/4) telh a darkar 24 dah tur a ni.

Dahthat tura siam : Stevia dip hi a rawng siam kher angai lo a, a rawng siam loh hian a hrisel

zawk a. Stevia rawngpawlh chu a hriat em em a, an var sar bik a. Rawng pawlh loh leh engtin mah

a sawisak loh chu an uk buang deuh in a hring deuh bawk a ni. Stevia thar chhuah dan hi tih

hmasawn a, athlumna leh chakna tibo si lova tih theih dan ngaihtuah angai a. A tui bikleh tha bik

siam chhuaktur chuan Agiculture lam thiamna Organic hmanga thar chhuah ngei tel miah loh a

siam chhuah hi apawimawh hle a ni.

Thar zat : 21 ,500kg/ha. a hnah hring tihro hnuin 6000kg/ha vel thar chhuah theih rin a ni. A ro

veleh ahnahro te la hrangin, a kuang leh ahnahro te chu 3000kg/ha vel ang a ngaih ani.

Dahthat dan : A hnahro te chu lehkha khawng bawm sarang a tuam vek ah dah a, char phuikhap

tur a ni a, thil siamna hmun a thawn mai tawh tur a ni. Tihdip hnu ah dah that a nih chuan rual

taka hui a, chhinthat tur ani.

A hmanna te : Stevia hi athlum tui em em a, chini pangngai kan hman ai hian a let 30 in a

thlumzawk a, Zunthlum ho tan tha tak mai a ni a. Eitur leh in lam tih tui nan Stevia hi a hman

theih a. Stevia thatna bik chu siam chawp nilo natural a thlum anih vang hi a ni. Stevia hnahro hi

sucrose aiin a let 30 in athlum zawk a, her in 81-90% Stevioside a keng tel a. Tin, a hnah hian

12% a keng bawk. Amah hi thausiam lo thlum siamna taka ni bawk. Fu atanga chini siam hi

awlsam takin hei hian a thlaktheih dawn a. Tin, tunlaiah (sugar free) zunthlum leh thisen sang

pawhin an ei theih tur siam hi sumdawnna tha tak a ni.

Stevia hi Hnimhnah atanga siam chi damdawite siam nan a tangkai hle dawn bawk a. Tin,

Zunthlum ho bik tan athil siam nan a tangkai hle bawk a ni. Ha nawhna hlo leh kamthuahna siam

nan te ahman theih a, a chhan chu natna hrik te tak te te (fungi, bacteria) te a tih hlum theih vang

ani.

Stevia hmanna thenkhat te chu intur lam siamna ah te, vur, chhang, pickle, chewing gum,

thingpui leh vun lam enkawlna siam nan te an hmang deuh ber. Japan ah chuan thil thlum an

siam zawmg zawng a 40% chu Stevia atanga siam anni. Thau a siamloh bakah Carbohydrates a

pai lo bawk a. Zunthlum tan pawh a ei theih ani.

Tin, hemi mai bakah hian an hmanna pakhat leh chu thau lutukin in tih cher tum te tan

an hmang bawk a, achhan chu Stevia hian thlum leh thil mawm ei chak na te a tih reh theih vang a

ni. Natna tamtak enkawl nan an hmang bawk a, chungte chu - Zunthlum, Thisen sang, vun natna,

hypoglycemia, candidiasis leh plague.

Sumdawnna lam : Stevia hnah atang hian Stevioside, thil thlum tak mai an lachhuak a, hei hian

thau a siam lo a, sucrose aiin a let 200-300 in a thlum zawk a, hei mai bakah a that na dangte

chua a rawng a pangngai reng a, (95°C) a ngai reng a, tin, hun rei tak chhung a dah that theih

bawk ani. Stevia thlum eitur siam naah te, chhang urna ah te leh in tur lam siam nan te a hman

theih a. Khawchhak lam — China, Korea leh Japan ah te chuan Steviahi eitur lam chi siam nan an

hmang nasa tawh hle a ni. Japan ram ah ringawt pawh kumtin Steviaside hi 50 ton. An hmang ral

a ni.

Hetia han ngaihtuah mai pawh hian Stevia hi sumdawnna tha tak tur ani a, ram tam tak

ah chuan Chini hi siamchawp (artificial Stevioside) Aspartame atangin 30% mamawh phu hru in

an siam ani.

Stevia that bikna te :

1. 100% natural.

2. Thau a keng tel lo.

3. Chini aiin a let 250-300 in a thlum zawk.

4. Sa ah a danglam lo.

5. A tawihmai thei lo.

6. Thil ti tui tu.

7. Natnahrik a that thei.

8. Zunthlum tan a tha

9. A hlauhawm lo.

10. Rannungah pawh enchhin na neih a ni tawh.

11. Mihring tan pawh ahlauhawm lo in an hmang nasa tawh hle.

Huan acre khatah kung 40,000 a Phun theih a, kung khat hi Cheng 5/- zelin an hralh thin.

Thar hmasak ber theih hun chu phun atangani 45-60 ah a ni a. Hemi hnu hi chuan ni 30 dan zelah

thar theih a ni. Kung khat in a hnahro 100g vel zel kumkhat chhungin athar chhuak thei a. Chuti a

nih chuan acre khat chuan a hnah ro kum khat chhungin 3000- 4000 kg atharthei a. Tun dinhmun

ah ahnah ro dip hi a man chu kg khat Rs.300 - 400/- a ni.

Acre khat chin nan a sum ngai zat leh lakluh zat:

Pawisa Hman Ralna (Rs)

Kum

Khatna

Kum

Hnihna

Kum

Thumna

A kung lei na @Rs 5(40000x5)

200000/-

A Phurh Man

6000/-

Huan siamna

1000/-

Beds siamna

750/-

Leitha (25MT FYM)

9750/-

19750/-

Phuntir Man

800/-

A thi phun thatna

1000/-

1500/-

Tuipekna

3750/-

Sprinkler

30000/-

Leitha leh pek na

4500/-

Thlai venna damdawi

1000/-

Sihna (Tharna)

4800/-

Tih rona khawl

15000/-

Tih ro leh dahthat

4800/-

Hnim tihfaina

4000/-

Enkawlna

18000/-

Thil tul dangte

2000/-

5000/-

TOTAL

297350/-

67100/-

LEICHHUAH

Kumkhatna 2700kg hnahro/acx

Rs. 150

405000/-

A hlawkna /ac./ year

337900/-

NORTH EAST TRADE EXPO-2005

By: Lalengzami Haolai.

AgriI. Extension Officer

Agriculture Department aiawhin kei leh Dr. Lalmuanzovi, Instructor chu North East

Trade Expo-2005 a tel tura thlan kan ni a. Tahrik ni 7-15 March, 2005 khan Pragati Maidan, New

Delhi ah he Expo hi hman niin Ministry of Department of N.E Region leh India Trade Promotion

Organisation tangkawp in an buatsaih a ni. Tichuan, Mizoram atangin Department of lndustries

chu Nodal Department niin. Agriculture Department te, Tourism Department te, Horticulture

Department te, Mizoram KVIB leh MIFCO bakah M/S Zonunsang Handloom & Handicraft, M/S

Zovi Handloom, M/S L.B Handloom Industry, Tetei Handloom, Disciple Mission Production

Centre leh Hnamchhantu Pawl te chu he Expo ah hian tel ve in kan thil thar chhuah leh siam

chhuah te kan pho chhuak ve a ni. Tin, a Nodal Depament ber Industries Department atangin Pu

S.H Lalkhama Project Manager (H) leh Pu Chhuanawma, AsstDirector of Industries te chu kan

hruaitu atana ruat an ni a. Min enkawlna chungchangah leh min kaihhruaina zawng zawngah te

vuina tur hi a awm lo va, an felzia leh mi an hmangaihna te hi tarlan loh theihlohvah ka ngai a,

kan tarlang hram ani e. Chubakah participants dang Mizoram aiawh a tel te pawh kan in kawm

ngeih tlang a, nuam kan ti hlawm khawp mai.

Tichuan, Agriculture Departrment atanga kan thilpho chhuah ve te chu - Vaimim

(Mimpui leh Mimban) Chhawhchhi, Buhban, Phuihnam, Vai hmarchate, Fu, Kurtai leh La (cotton)

te a ni tlangpui a. Vai hmarchate, Fu leh Kurtai bakah Mizoram chawhchhi in en a hlawh hle a,

miin an hlut hle a ni. Tunlaiah Organic Foods te khawvelin an uar tawh avangin kan Organic Food

lam siamchhuaktu leh sawngbawlte company hrang hrangin min rawn tlawh ngun hle a, kan

hmarcha ken te, chhawhchhi te leh kurtai te leiah min dil nasa ang reng hle a ni.

Tin, Union Minister, DONER Pu P.R. Kyndiah te, kan M.P zahawm tak te Pu Vanlalzawma

te pawhin kan Stall te min rawn tlawh a, an ni bakah kan Minister Dr. Lalzama te, Residence

Commissioner, New Delhi leh Pu David Lalthangliana, L.O, NewDelhi te pawhin an hun hlu tak te

seng in kan Pavilion min rawn hmuhsak a, lawmawm kan ti tak zet a ni. Rinloh takin Pu H.T

Sangliana, Karnataka M.P pawhin min rawn tlawh a, kan thil phochhuah te min hlutsak hle ani.

Heng kan ram hruaitu hrang hrang te min rawn tawiawmna hi ropui kan ti in lawmawm kan ti.

North EastExpo-2005 a nih avangin, India hmarchhak ram hrang hrang te an tel kim

thawkhat hle a, mit atlai in beng pawh a var duh hle ani. Hnam hrang hrang kalphung leh ze

hrang hrang te kan la hmuh ngailoh leh hriat ngailoh te he Expo atang hian kan hmuin kan hriat

phah a, chuvangin he Expo a tel ve thei tura kan Department hotu ten hma min laksakna zawng

zawngah lawmthu ka sawi a ni.

KAN HMABAK THAL THLAI (ZAD RABI ) CHIN

By: K.Laltanpuia

Asst.Agriculture Inspector

D.A. O. Aizawl Office.

(17-1-2005)

Pipute atanga Mizote Buh leh thlaichin hun chu March atanga May thla chhung ani.

Hun alo kal a, Favang nul sIam nachang kan lo hria a, nu hovin luipui kam leidip (Balu)

hmunah Nul an siam a. Mahse Chung Nul ah te chuan Antam, Kuangphek leh Feren Antam

chauh an ching thin.

Agriculture Department hmalakna leh tunlai thiamna hmangin 'Favang thlai

emaw 'Thlasik thlai" emaw kan tih September chhunga thlaichin kan lo uar chho a. He hun

September November thla chhunga thlaichin hi Rabi thlai an ti a. Tunah chuan chu Rabi thlaichin

chu ahlawk zia leh mipui mimir ten ei leh in kawnga hmasawn nana a tangkai zia te kan lo hre ta

a. Tunah chuan 'Rabi' chhunga chin loh thlai kan nei ta manglo a nih hi. Hei hi thil lawmawm tak a

ni.

Amaherawhchu thlaichin hun chungchangah Mizoten ke penna tur pawimawh em em

mai kan la nei, chu chu . “Thal Thlai" ani. Kan sawi tak Rabi thlaite in kan ching a, chung thlaite

chu November atanga a kum leh March thla chhungin kan seng zova. Chuti a nih chuan, kan fur

thlai (Kharif) te March atanga May thla chhunga kan chin te Juner thla tawp lama an thar chauh

avangin Mizoten April atanga June thla chawhma thleng thlaithar kan nei lo a ni.

Tichuan mizo ten lo leh huan lam hna- tak Chu, thallai December atanga February thla

chhunga thlaichin a ni. Hetihlai hun hi Agriculture ah chuan "Zaid Rabi" ti a sawi a ni. December

atanga February thla chhunga thlaichin chu keini Mizo ten thil tih theih lohva kan ngaih thin ni

mahs eAgriculture thiamna leh taimakna hmangin thil tih theih a ni a, chu tak chu kan sawi dawn

a ni.

1. KAN HMUN LEH RAM ZAWLTE TANGKAI: December thla ah chuan terrace ani emaw

leilet zawl a ni emaw thlasik thlaithar har chi, entir nan, Alu te, Nihaw te, Badam te, Zikhlum te

tih loh chu thlaiseng zawh a lo ni tawh a. Chuvangin, December ah chuan thlaidang chin nan

leilung buatsaih tan leh tawh tur a ni.

Hei hi hria ila, khawvawh laia thlaitui kan pek chuan, zan lamah thlaiten

khawvawt lakah an him phah zawk tlat zawk zu nia. Chuvangin, tui a awm phawt chuan kan zawl

neih ang ang te chu thlaichin nan kan hmang thei ani.

2. LEILUNG BUATSAIH: Fur thlai leh thlasik thlaichin lai aiin thal thlai chin nana leilung buatsaih

chu uluk a ngai tih hriat tur. A chhan chu khua a vawt hle a, chubakah hnawng a tlem a ni.

Tichuan hetiang hian leilung buatsaih ila :-

a) Lei tihphut : Lei chu vawikhat mai nilo leh phut nise. A theih phei chuan vawithum lai pawn

tih phut nawn nise, Hei hi a chi theh emaw a tiak phun hma karkhat vela lo tih ni thei se. Lei

tihphut thuk zawng chu kan thlaichin tur zung sei dan a zir nise. Tichuan inches 5-8 atanga feet

khat a thuk te pawh anngai thei. Lei tihphut chu boruak mamawh leh hnawng vawngtha tu a ni.

Khawvawt laka thlai himna ani bawk.

b) Khurlaih : Thlai chin tur a zirin khurlaih a ngai thei. Heng thlai Changkha, Bawrhsaiabe, Mai,

Behlawi, Bean, Zikhlum, Parbawr, Broccoli, Awmpawng ei ang ho tan chuan khur laih tir a ni.

Khur chu sawi tawh angin zung nei thuk chi tan tih thuk mai tur a ni a, a khur zau zawng pawh

thlaizung chunglang ber huam ngeia zau a ni tur a ni.

c) Thlur siam : Terrace emaw leilet zawl te chu tih phut zawh ah thlur bik siam ngei tur. A vang

chu hlamkhat (6 ft.) aia zau lo nise, lehlam lehlam atanga hnim pawh phak a ni tur a ni a, a sei

zawng erawh chu a remchan dan ang nise. Thlur leh thlur inkar chu kal velna a ni ang. Hetia thlur

siam hi hnim thlawh awlsamna a nih bakah tui pek a awl a ni.

Tin, he hun hi Thal Alu(Fur Alukan tih bawk) lin hun a ni bawk a. Alu chi chu lei tihphut

hnu ah a bi inches 8-10 dan ah tlar ngil taka phum a, a tiar leh a tlar inkar feet 2 vel nise.

Vawikhat thlawh atangin a tlar leh a tlar inkar leia rih vur tur a ni a. A bul rawn insiam hnu a, a

tak lo lang apiang chu thlawh hun loh lai ah pawha rih vur reng tur a ni.

2. NURSERY SIAM : Thal thlai, December atanga February thla chhunga thlaichin tur, phun

sawn leh chi te tan chuan Nursery siam ngei ngei tur a ni. Tin, Nursery chu Green House anga

siam a tha.

Hetih hun lai hian khua a la vawh em avangin Green House hnuaia theh tiah phawt tur a

ni a. A tiak chuan hnahpui an rawn put tan ah Kuhva Peg-na sarang tiat lek Polythene ah phun luh

phawt a, a tiah atanga thlakhat velah a hmun tur ah phun luh tawh tur a ni. Green House chu

ngun taka tui pek ngei tur a ni a. A tiak lutuk lai chu suat thawl thin nise.

A hmun taka phun luh dawnah zing lam atanga huh tawka tui lo pek tur a ni a. A zung te

chu tingtawm lova, phun luh tur a ni a. Zuk phun luh lai hian tlema pawh phawi leh deuh nise, a

zung a thluang tha thei.

Atiak te chu tlailam nihlimah emaw, khawdur ni ah emaw chauh phun tur a ni a. Tui tha

taka pek zui tur a ni.

4.TUIPEK: Tha thlai chuan, hun dang zawnga thlaichin aiin tui an mamawh tam a, an zung huam

chin lei chu tih huh déuh reng tur a ni. Tichuan, lei tihphut leh tui tamtawk pek chuan thal thlai,

December atanga February thla chhung pawhin thlai a thar theih tih hria in, kan terrace zawl mai

mai tur leh leilet zawl ah te thal thlaichin i uar tawh ang u. Theihloh anga kan ngaih thin kha tih

theih a ni si a.

(Note : Lei tih phut leh tuiin khawvawt laka thlai a tih that (A himtir) dan chipchiara hre duh

chuan min han zawtin an duh chuan lo inkawm ila - K.L.)

NEEM - I HAN BEL CHIANG TEH ANG

J. Lalnuntluanga

B. sc. (Agro

'Neem Patta' kan ti mai thin a, tin, a kung pawh 'neem patta kung' kan ti mai bawk a.

Mizote tan chuan 'Sachek" han tih khak nana kan hman thin tih loh chu thil danga a tangkaina tur

vak ka lo ngaihtuah ngai lem lo. Mahse thing hlu tak zawng alo ni. Neem ( Azadirachta indica) hi

Tropical South East Asia atanga awm tan nia ngaih a ni a. Thing thang duh leh nung duh tak lei

tha vak lovah pawh chawrduang duh tak hnah hringdap chhuah thei a ni. Metre sawmthum vel

Iai thleng pawha sang thei a ni. Kum thum atanga kum li a upa a nih atangin a rah tlangpui thin. A

rah hi a sawl a, centimeter hnih vela sei a ni, a kawr hian a chi centimeter khat leh a chanve vela

sei a tuam a. A kawr atanga a hnah thleng hian tangkai tak vek an ni. Kum sang tam kal taah khan

neem hi damdawi atan an lo hmang thin a, tun thleng hian damdawi tha tak a la tling.

Neem - Thlai hriselna atan- Thlai tana neem tangkaina hi kum tlemte kalta atang maia

hmuhchhuah chauh a ni a, thlai hrik lak atanga thlaivenna tha tak a nih theihzia hi research tam

takah an lo nemnghet tawh a, tun thleng hian zir chhoh chhunzawm zel a la ni. Rannung venna

atan mai bakah hian lei tihthatna atan te, thosi leh chukchu venna atan te, pum thalo leh

zunthlum damdawi atan te hman thin a ni. Heng neem hmanna tam tak zingah hian, thla hrik leh

rannung venna atan a hman ani hi huan neitute tana thil pawimawh leh chhinchhiahtlak bik a ni.

Neem-ah hian chemical (bawlhlo) chi hrang hrang tamtak a awm a, Chung zinga

pawimawh zualte chu azadirachtin, limonoids, meliontriol, salanin, nimbin leh nimbidin te an

ni.

1) Azadirachtin : Neem atanga damdawi hmuh pawimawh tak mai chu azadirachtin hi a ni a,

thlai venna atana pawimawh tak a ni. Amaherawhchu kan hriat tur pawimawh tak mai chu

damdawi hlo dang anglo takin neem hian hrik a that ve nghal mai lo. Kan thlaite kha rannung

bawm theih lohvin a siam zawk thin. Neem a bawlhlo( chemical) awmte khan rannung thlai raw-

n bawm turte kha a lo hnawt kiang ta thin a ni. Hei hi a chhan chu heng neem a damdawi awmte

hian rim emaw,khakna emaw an neih vang a ni. Hei bakah hian rannungin an ei palh emaw

chuan kha rannung tui emaw, note emaw, a ei tu rannung ngeia pawh kha a piansual phah thei a

ni.

2) Azardactin : Neem a damdawi awm pawimawh zingah azardactin hian hrik lakah kan thlaite

a veng a, tin, rannung than a ti thuanawp in a ti tawp thei bawk, rannungah chaw chak lohna a

thlentir bawk.

3) Meliantrol : Meliantrol hian chaw ei duhna emaw chaw ei chakna a ti reh. Khau lak ata thlai a

veng thei. Salanin te, Nimbin te leh Nimbicidin te pawh hian a chunga kan tarlan ang tho hian hna

a thawk thin. Nimbin leh Nimbicidin te phei chu thlai natna chikhat (viral disease) venna atana

tha tak a ni.

Neem Hnathawh dante - Hrik kahna atana kan hman damdawi dangte angin neem hi chuan

thlai hrikte a that ve nghal mai lo thung. Amaherawhchu hrik kahna damdawi dangte angin

chaklo mahse side effect (kaihhnawih emaw sawhkhawk ken tel) a neih ve avang hian

agriculture lam chauh lovah pawh pawimawh bikna ril tak a chelh a ni. Hemi avang tak hian

Rannung thahna damdawi (pesticides) dang te'n an thlen theih thil thalo tak tak tihtawp nan

neem hi an hmang ta hlauh thin a, hei tak hi 'Neem thatna em em bik chu ni. Organic Farming

pawh a nihna diktak nihtir theitu te zinga hmanraw tangkai chu rannung ven nana 'Neem' kan

hman hi a ni.

Neem hnathawh dan thenkhatte Chu:-

1) Rannung tui te, pangang te leh buhchium than a ti thuanawpin a ti tawp thei.

2) Pangang leh rannung note than a ti tawp.

3) Rannung inpawlna hun a ti buaiin a ti danglam thei. Hemi avang hian ahun takah(ei tur tam lai

te) no annei lo fo.

4)Rannung, thlai hrik te leh natna hrik (micro organisms) te a hnawt kiang.

5) Note nei thei lo in rannung thenkhat te chu an ching thin.

6) Rannung tui tur a hnawt kiang a.

7) Chaw ei Chak lohna a thlen thei.

Hei bakah hian harsatna chi hrang hrang a thlen bawk thin. Neem tangkainate kan sawi

tawh a, a that lohnate pawh kan hriat a pawimawh hle a. Damdawi dangte angin thlai hrikte a

tihlum ve nghal mai lo a, tin, rannung thenkhat ven nan a hmantlak lo bawk. Ruahsur lohlai te leh

kudamah te, buhzemah te leh in leh a chhehvela rannung venna atan a tangkai em em ani. Tin,

damdawi dangte anglo takin hman hnem/tamtham tawk a ngai bik a ni. Amaherawhchu kan

chhehvel boruak venhim zel nan leh mihringte hriselna atan 'Neem ' hman hi a pawimawh em

em a, hei hi hriain ram changkang zawk te chuan Organic Farming (Chemical damdawi tello) an

chawilar tawh em em ani. Thlai kahna atana kan hman thin damdawi tur te leh lei tha te hi

mihring tana hlauhawm tak vek an ni a, a tur chak dan azirin ni 7 atanga ni 15 lai te nghah a ngai

thin, chumi hnuah chauh chuan ei atan a hlauhawm loh (hlauhawm nem!) chauh thin. 'Neem"

erawh chu mihring tan te, ran tan te leh rannung pawimawhna neite (khuai, silk-worm etc..) tan

a hlauhawm tak tak hmang lova 'Neem' kan hman hi thil pawimawh tak a lo ni ta. Tute pawhin a

kan chin theih, boruak siam thatu ni bawk si, tupaw'na pawisa tam tak seng lova kan siam ve

theih nan 'neem' hi i hmang uar ang u.

REFERENCE :

1) A handbook of Organic Farming -By Arun K. Sharma. Published by Agrobios (India)

2) Organic Farmingm For Sustainable Agriculture - By A. K, Dahama Published by Agro. Botanica.

NEEM - LONEITUTE TAN

J. Lalnuntluanga

BSc(Agri).

Organic farming a sawi tel ve loh theih loh, pawimawh tak mai chu 'Neem' hi a ni awm e.

Neem hiv kan thlai bawmtu rannungte leh natna hrik-micro organism kan tihte venna atan mai

bakah leitha atan pawha hman theih a ni. Rannung thahna atan emaw, leitha atan emaw a kan

hman thin damdaawi (chemical) hi chak tak leh hman awlsam tak ni mahse hriselna lam kan

ngaihtuah chuan hman Ioh tawp emaw hman tlem hi a tha ber a, chumi atan chuan kan Sorkar

pawn hma ala chho zel a. He hmalakna kan tih hlawhtlin theihna pakhat chu heng rannung venna

atan te leh a theihna apianga botanicals (hnim atanga bawlhlo hmuhte) kan hman hi a ni. Neem

hnah te, a rah te, leh a hriakte hi thlai venhim nan hman thin ani a: Neem cake pawh hi leitha atan

hman theih bawk. Hmun hrang hrangah chuan neem hnah leh buhhum emaw, thlai chidangte

emaw nena neem hnah pawlha dah that hi chin chhunzawm a la ni. Neem innan dan chi hrang

hrang te :

1) Neem Oil : Neem rah hmin atangin a mu kha la la, pho ro rawh. Neem kawr kha paiha a mu

(kernels) chauh kha densawm tur a ni. Densawm saah khan tui tlem leiha tih diak tur a ni.

Sawhbana a oil kha sawr chhuah tur a ni.

2) NSKE : Neem Seed Kernel Extracts ( Neem chi atanga bawlhlo lakchhuah) hman tur siam nan

neem rah pho ro a ngai a, chumi hnuah densawm tur ani. Atlangpuiin 5% vela Chak hman thin a

ni. Chumi awmzia chu NSKE litre khat siam nan neem rah gram 50 a ngai tihna. Tui mamawh

tawk tura tamah khan Neem rah mu densawm kha darkar sawmhnih pali vel a rei chiah tur a ni.

Chumi hnuah filter tur a ni.

3) Neem cake : Neem rah atanga a hriak kan lak tawh hnua a cake la bang kha rannung venna

atan a tha em em bawk tih hmuhchhuah a ni a, a bikin lei chhunga cheng rannung te leh

nematode kan tihte ven nan a tha em em.

4) Commercial Formulation : Company thenkhatin a remchan zawk nan Neem oil emaw, Neem

rah emaw hmangin, tui nen pawlha hman mai theihin neem product chi hrang hrang an siam

chhuak a, hengte hi Commercial Neem Formulation an ti. Chung commercial product zinga lar

zualte chu Multineem, Margasan-O. Azatin, Bioneem, Alicon, Neembidin, Achook, Neemark, Ben-

efit te an ni. heng kan han ziah Ian loh pawh hi tam tak a awm.

NEEM HMANGA RANNUNG VEN DAN :

1) Neem hnah ro leh thlai chi chawhpawlhin thlai chi i dah that turte chu a bawmtu

rannung lakah neem hnah khan a veng thei. Rannungin thlaichi an bawm hma ngeiin neem hnah

nen hian i chawh pawlh tur a ni.

A. (i) Zemah neem hnah, a chhah lam inchi chanve i dah hmasa ang.

(ii) Hemi chungah hian buhhum (thil sang pawh) cm 30 a chah thleng i dah ang.

(iii)Buhhum chungah neem hnah i dah leh ang. A dahna zem khah thlengin chutiang

chuan i rem chho ang.

B. (i) Ni a pho ro neem hnah kha ti dip la, lei leh tui nen chawhpawlhin i thlai chi dahthatna

tur zem emaw bawm emaw chhunglam zut nan hmang rawh.

(ii) Hemi chungah neem hnah dah leh la, chumi hnuah bawm chu chhin ang che.

C. (i) Saiip i hmang dawn anih chuan neem hnah dip leh thlai chi kha chawhpawlh la, chumi

hnuah saiip ah i thun ang. (Thlai chi kg. 100 atan neem hnah ro kg 1-2)

D. (i)Bean leh channa bawmtu rannung vennan Neem Oil hman thin ani a. Neem oil tlem leh

bean emaw channä emaw kha chawhpawlh tur a ni.

(ii) Stem Borer (Thlaikung eitu) venna atan Neem rah chhut dip kan hmang thei a.

Vaimim emaw hnahno inkhawr laiah neem dip kha dah tur a ni. Hemi hma hian Neem rah chhut

dip kha lei tlem nen kan chawhpawlh hmasa tur a ni. (kung khatah gm 3 vel).

(iii) Rannung laka thlai ven nan Neem Oil te leh NSKE kan tih takte kha hman nasat a ni a.

Thlai ven tura zirin a tawk chauh a hman thin ani. Neem oil hi a tlangpuiin 0.5% conc. a hman

thin a ni. A awmzia chu litre 100 ah litre 99 leh a chanve kha tui a ni ang a, litre chanve dang kha

neem oil a ni ang. NSKE a tlangpuiin 5% conc. hman thin a ni. Commercial products-åh erawh

chuan a dose tur tawk ziah tel a ni thin. Entirnan Behliang rah bawmtu pod borer kan tih venna

atan Multiplex Multineem ml 800 atanga litre 1 hi tui litre 400 atanga 500 velah kan pawlh tur a

ni.

REFERENCE :

1) A handbook of Organic Farming - By Arun K. Sharma. Published by Agrobios (India)

2) Organic Fanning- For Sustainable Agriculture - By A. K. Dahama Published b A . Botanica

BEKANG CHIN DAN LEN ENKAWL DAN

By. Vanramthangi

Agriculture Extension Officer,

Directorate of Agriculture, Aizawl

Vawiina kan thupui hi, 'Bekang chin dan leh enkawl dan' tih a ni a. Mizote hian

engtik lai atang tawh khan nge Bekang hi kan lo chin tawh tih hi chhui let a harsa tawh hle a. Kan

siam dan lah hi chi khat chauh, a um hmin chauh hi kan siam dan ani a. A rim a chhia in a ei thang

tan lo phei chuan ei mai chi a ni lo. Kan Missionary hote khan, "Hnarhup chungin an tem chhin e,"

an ti a. Roman Catholic Puithiam Father Marcot-a chuan, 'Ka chawhmeh ei tawhah chuan ala uih

ber", tia a sawi chuan sawi chhawn a hlawh hle. Kan um uih ang chiah hian Naga hnam zinga mi '

SEMA' ho khuan an siam ve a. Abor run tuma an rawn hawn tel ve pawh a ni mahna. Khawvel

History atanga a Ian dan chuan Alexander-a te hun B.C. ah pawh khan, keinin khawchhak mite

kan tih 'Oriental', China leh Japan ramah te khi chuan ram hrang indawrna atan pawh an lo

hmang fo tawh thin a ni tih ziaka hmuh tur awm a ni. Chuvangin keini pawh hian Chhinlung

atanga kan rawn chhawmluh pawh a ni mahna. A enga pawh chu nise, a siam dan chi khat chauh

kan hriat pawh hi eizawn nana hmang mek thahnem tak kan awm tho a ni. Hemi bakah hian

kawng hrang hrangin tui taka siamdan in zirtir reng ani bawk a. Khawvel in amamawh dan hi atla

hniam lam aiin apung chho zel zawk a. Ching uar deuh deuh mah ila, ahralhna a harsatloh

avangin a chin dan leh enkawl dan i lo sawi dawn teh ang.

Bekang hi a Scientific name chu Glycinemax a ni a. Khawvel pumah hian chi hrang hrang,

a variety 2,500 vel awm a hriat a ni. Keini ei ang; a um tur atan chuan kan lo chin than tawh local

variety (kei mahni chin pangngai) hi a tui ber a, a hang ber bawk. Zoram leilunga chin atan chuan

Variety pathum, JS, Moti leh Pusa te hi recommended variety anni.

An leilung duh zawng : Bekang hian lei chhia an ngam hle a. Kan Zoramah hi chuan eng ang

leilungah pawh hian a to thei emaw tih turin an to thei deuh vek mai. Amaherawhchu hlawhtling

taka rah chhuah tur chuan lei chunglang hang tha tamna leh Balu lei kan tih ang nena in chawh

pawlh, lungte hret kan tih ang hmun hi a that duhna ber a ni. Kan ram tlangram ah hi chuan kham

pang chhim chhak hawi awih pang hi a chinna hmun tha ber ni a ngaih a ni. Hetiang hmun hi kan

seng hnu-a a chi phoro nan hmun tha ber a ni bawk.

A enkawl dan : Tlangam lo-a Ching thin kan ni deuh ber a. Hlothlawh paha thlawh bak chu a

hranpa chuan kan buaipui meuh lo. Mahse tun laiah chuan a hranpa ngata Ching kan awm ve tak

avangin a tiah atanga thla li hnuah vawikhat chauh thlawh fai pawhin a tawk hle tho a ni.

Leitha an mamawh zat : Bekang hi an zunga Nitrogen khawlkhawm thei chi an nih avangin

leitha an mamawh tam lova Phosphorous leh Potash pawh hi ruah van tla an dawn thatna

hmunah chuan pek belh an ngai lem lo. Amaherawhchu, ruah sur ve lem lohna hmunah chuan

Hectare khat hmunah Nitrogen - 20Kg, Phosphorous - 60Kg leh Potash - 40Kg an pe ve thin.

A chin dan leh a chi mamawh zat : A chi hi Hectare khat hmun atan 75Kg angai a. Bigha khat

atan 10.5 Kg angai, a tuha tuh nghal mai tur ani a. Kuitiah hmasak an gailo. A chi hi 11/2 ft. (khat

leh a chanve) danah tuhin, a tlar inkar hlat zawng pawh 11/2 ft. ni bawk se a tawk hle. Kan chin

lar ho hi chu 2 ft lai a in kar hlat pawhin apawi lo. An zamna tur Siam sak ila a tha hle bawk.

A seng khawm dan : A kung leh a hnah a ro deuh vek chuan seng ahun tihna a ni a. Tichuan a

hrui zam chu chhatin hmun ualau laiah phoro pahin an dah thin a. Kar khat vel hnuah an vaw

keh a, an thian faiin an thliar hrang thin. Hetianga an pho lai hian a chi tuamtu a kawm hi a puak

keh thin a. Kan tawng upaah pawh, 'Chhim thal Bekang puah' tih a awm hi. A hun leh hmun

ngaihtuah lov amahni duhzawng sawi thin hote sawina ani.

A thar theih zat : Dan naranin hectare khat hmunah 20 - 24 quintal hi a thar dan a ni tlangpui.

Bekang chin a thatna : Bekang chin a thatna te hetiang hian ilo tarlang davm teh ang.

1. Lei chhia angam avangin khawihmunah pawh a chin theih tluk a ni. Nitrogen (thlaichaw)

khåwl khawm thei an nih avangin Green manure crop-ah pawh an hman lar ber a ni ta hial mai. A

hnu lama thlaichin hote tan an chaw a lo siam sak thin.

2. Bekang hian kan taksa mamawh Proteins, Carbohydrates leh Fats leh Vitamins chi hrang hrang

a pai a. Thlai mal khaiah chuan kan mamawh pai hnem ber pawl a ni.

3. Hriak a pai hi 30- 36% vel a ni a. Tunlai a hriak kan ei tam ber hi bekang atanga siam ani. Tun

kum zabi 20-na kum 1900 tir te atang khan America chuan a thatzia a hriat avangin leh a hmanna

tur ahriat belh zel avangin a Ching uar tulh tulh a. Kum 2000 athlen meuh chuan an oil thar

chhuah zawng zawng a zatve thuak chu Bekang atanga a neih a ni.

4. Dawrkai a kan lei fo thin, kan hriat lar em em Nutela hi Bekang atanga siam ani tih kan hriat

theuh ka ring. Hetiang bakah hian bawnghnute ang te leh Saum ang taka siam in tui tak tak in a

siam theih a. Bawngsa ang tak pawhin a siam theih a ni.

5. Bekang hian kan tunlai khawvel nitin nunah hian hmun a chang zau hle ani tih kan hriat theih

nan an hmanna pawimawh zual tarlang ila, a hlutna kan hriat chian leh zual theih nan a tangkai

ka ring. Eitur chi hrang hranga siam bakah chuan chawhmeh han nan a kan hman te hi a ni a.

Motor oil siam nana hman a ni a. Rawng siamtu Company te hian an hmang bawk a. Linolium

Carpet par mawi tak leh tie nalh tak mai hi Bekang hriak nena an siam a ni. Bekang avang hian

Lirthei hote hi an tlan theih phah a, kan in leh Biak Inte leh inchhung bungrua leh motor nalh

taka rawng hnawih awm tirtu chu Bekang hi a ni tlat mai a nih chu. Hei lo pawh hi sawi tur a tam

ang. Amah hi thil tawi hmai leh delh pherh mai theih a nih loh avang hian enkawl a nuam a.

Phurh kual vel a harsa bawk si lo. Uluk taka dah chuan hun reitak a vawn him theih avang hian a

enkawl a nuam em em a ni. Bekang tluka thlaichin awlsam, tharhma bawk si leh enkawl hahdam

hi a awm lo.

A tawp berah chuan, a hriak lakna fe, a ek chhia hi Sangha leh Ar chawtha tak anih bakah

Organic manure; 'Khuanu duan chhuah leitha' thatak a ni tih lo hre bawk ang che. Chuvangin

chunglam malsawmna dawng nih i duh chuan Bekang Ching mai rawh. Ka lawm e.

In Memoriam,

PU LALCHHINGA DAO Rtd.

(1917-2005)

Hun her zel hian Agiculture Departnent a kan hotu hmasa duhawm tak chatuan

ramah min seng luh sak zel a. An sulhnute han chhui kirin lunÉ anti leng hle thin. Heng, hotu

duhawm tak takte hianMizoramAgriculture Departmentbulmin 10 tan sakinsulsutuatangim

an that lai hun lehthazawng zavmg zoram tan an 10 seng zo tawha, thangthartetanentawnlur

tamtakminhnutchhiaha, zoram leh Agriculture Depatünent tan anhlu em em ani.

Chung zinga mi PuLalchhinga Rtd. D.A.O. chuan ni 2.1.2005 (Sunday) khan kum 88 mi

niin min 10 liamsan leh ta. Hun engemaw chen a kaihhruaina hnuaiah ka lo thawh ve hman

avangin, kei aia a chanchin hrechiang zawk kan pensioner ho zingah an awm ang tih hrerengin a

chanchin tlangpui leh entawntlak a nihna te tarlan ve ka chak a.

Pu Lalchhinga hi Kum 1917-ah Tachhip khuaah a lo piang a. A pa chu Upa Sailuma a ni.

Unau 8 zingah a parukna niin Shillong ah Matric a passed a. Indopui II-naah khan Royal Airforce

a zawm a. Indo zawhah Airforce atanga lo bangin Boys M.E. School Aizawlah hun rei vak lo

zirtirtu hna a thawk Leh a. Chumi hnuah Bawrhsap Office ah khawchhiar leh Case Clerk hna a

thawk leh a. Chumi hnuah Agriculture Demonstrator ah lak a ni leh ta a. He hna a zawm kum tak

hi ka hrechiang fak thei tawh lo nain Kum 1953 emaw ahmalam deuh niin a lang. Agril. Dem-

onstrator a thawh hnu, kum 1956 khan Shillong-ah B.A.T. Training in a awm a. Chuta a Training

pui thenkhat la damte chu Pu K.Lalhnema Rtd. S.D.A.O. Ramhlun Venglai te, Pu C. Lalkima Rtd.

S.D.A.O. tuna Bilkhawthlira in bengbel ta te, Pu C. Lalmawia A.E.O. Khatla te hi an ni.

Pu Lalchhinga hi Agriculture Demonstrator atanga A.A.I. kalkhuma A.E.O. direct a kai

hmasa ber leh la awmchhun a ni awm e. Kum 1957-a Pu H. Vanlalthanga, A.E.O. a boral takah

khan, ahmun luah turin Competive Exam buatsaih a ni a. Chutih laia A.D. hote leh clerical Staff te

huap vekin, Exam an nei a, hetah hianPu Lalchhinga chu pakhatna ani a. Agril. Demonstrator

atangin A.E.O. atan lak a ni ta. Heta tang ngawt pawh hian mi Vantlang chunglam ani tih alang hle.

Pu Lalchhingahi pa nelawm tak leh fiamthungahchuanilo. Staffmwmåzwdeuh lehrinawm

10 te tan pheichuanpahlauhawm tak leh hrohrang na tak anga sawi theih a nix Chufiang mi ani

chunginahnuaiamite turnah an serviceahharsatnaasiam sakngai 10. Tum khat chu kan

Babupakhatin a ACRziak tha lovah PuLalchhingahingaiin, ahunah akaisan theih loh phahniin a. A

thian thawhpuite bulah a thu a a ChuchuPuLalchhinga bengalofhleng leh a ni. Ani chuan Chu

Babu chu kovinå a hnuaia thawkte tumah an service ah harsatna siam a duhloh zia leh A.C.R--ah

Promotion dal thei khawp engmah aziahlanngai loh thu khun khan takin a hrilh thlap a. Kan Babu

pawh thin dam takin a awm leh thei ta a. Tunlai tax,vnga 'dawtvar' kan angte hi Pu

Lalchhingachuan ve lova Dikchu dik, diklo chu dik 10 a ni bur mai a. Corrup- tion kan tihte hi an

hun laiin an hre ve lova. Sapho chherchhuah "British Made", rinavvm fleh taima tlat mi a ni a. A

bulah dawt sawi ngam rual a ni 10. Sorkar hnathawk te inkaihhruaina dan Conduct Rules te

airpemin a hre em em a. Chutiang bawkin Sorkar sumenkawl dan Financial Rules pawh a hre em

em. Heng dan pawimawh zualte phei chu a bung leh chang chenin amemorised vek emaw tihtur

ani. Chuvangin ahnuaiathawh anuam a, a thuzawm thinte tan hnathiam loh theih a ni 10. Rinawm

leh taimataka thawkin, a hun taka kaisang chho zelin, Kum 1977 ah D.A.O. ani a, Kum 1980 ah

D.A.O. Aizawlniin Pensionin a chhuak ta. Pu Lalchhinga chanchin a mak danglam ve tak chu Kum

1978-ah khan Lei (tongue) Cancer a vei a. vellore damdawiinah enkawl a ni a. A cancer natna chu

a dam fel vek a, Mizo te zinga Can- cer vei, Pathian tihdamna chang hmasa pawl a ni awm e. Pu

Lalchhinga hi kut hnathawh ah pawh mi taima leh remhre tak a ni tih a in 10leh din danahalang

fiahhle. A hum thleng a chenna Tuikhuahtlang a Assam Type in hi, hauh lova, amakut ngeia ing

leh tlai office ban hnu a a sak zawh vek a ni. Petromax engah zan rei tak tak thlengin a thawk thin.

A kumte a 10 upa in chaldohnahfang hrangin a rawn tlakbuak chho ve zel a. Kum 2004 October

thla atang chuan a 10 bawksawp mal ta. 1st January 2005 zan dar 9:40 PM khan mual min

liamsan ta. A tük 12.1.05 (Sunday) ah vui liam a ni tae Pu Lalchhinga nunah hian entawn tur tam

tak a avvrm a. Mi taima, rinävn-n leh duhtui, corrup- tion laka flhlim mi a nihna te hi thangthar

ten entawnah nei ila a duhawm hle. Contributed by .- Daniela, A.E. O. (Hqrs.)

D.A. O. Aizawl office, Aizawl.

A. TRANSFER & POSTING:

SL. No

Name Of Officers

Present Places Of Posting

New Place of Posting

Pu F.Lalthlamuana

SDAO Saiha

S.M.S. (Forestry)

Pu C.Rohmingliana

Analytical Asst, Dte. Of Agri

i/c SDAO Saiha

Pu C.Lalnithanga

SDAO Mamit

ASSO, Dte of Agri

Pu L.Khawkunga

AEO Hnahthial RD Block

AEO Dte of Agri

Pu George Paul

Statistic Inspector, DTE of Agri

Statistic Inspector Dte of Eco

& Stat.

Pi FC.Lalhniangi

Statistic Inspector Dte of Eco and

Stat

Statistic Inspector Dte of Agri

Pi Darneihthangi

Assistant Dte of Agri

Assistant, SDAO Office

Serchhip

Pi Lalnunsangi Sailo

UDC, DAO Mamit

UDC, Agronomy Section Dte.

of Agri

KEIMAHNI

B. PENSION:

Heng kan thawhpuite hian Pension in min chhuah san ta:

1) Pu M.Ü Majumdar Trg.organiser, RVS, Kolasib 31.3.2005

2) Pu K.Lalsiamliana SDAO. Hnahthial 31.3.2005

3) Pu P.Khama Driver, DAO Office, Saiha 28.2.2005

4) Pu Mangchhuana PPO, SDAO Office Serchhip 28.2.2005

5) Pu Vungliana Peon, Sairang Circle 31.1.2005

C. SUNNA: Heng kan thawhpui te hian Chatuan ram min pansan tak avangin pawi kan ti em

em a, an chhungte kan tuarpuiin, Pathianin awmpui zel turin kan duhsakna kan hlan e.

1) Pu JohnVanlalruata ASSO, Dte.of Agriculture 3.1.2005

2) Lalthanhliri LDC,DAO Office, Lunglei 3.2.2005

'D' PAWIMAWH DANG:

1. FARM WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE STUDY TOUR NEIN A NI.

January ni 20 leh 21 khan Agricultue Department bultumin kut hnathawka eizawng

Lunglei District atangin hmeichhia 8, —Leite, Tuipui 'Db, Hnahthial, thiltlang Women goup

leh Pangzawl group atang tein Ni 20 khan Mizoram hmun hrang hrang Agiculture leh Hor-

ticulture hmalakna—Neihbawi Agril Farm, Thingdawl Agril. Farm leh Horticulture Farm te,

Tuichhuahen ram te leh Saihapui a M.I.P hma lakna a Land Development hmalakna te an

thlir a, heng an thil hmuh leh en atang hian entawn tur tamtak an neih thu te leh an

hlawkpuiin a zawngchhang thlak an ti hle a ni.

Tin, 21 January khan Kolasib atangin Silchar lamah an kal leha, hetah hian chanighat leh

Lukla Bhaita Silchar bula an thlai chinna hmunte an tlawh leh a, hemi hmunah hian Silchar

phai vela kan chawhmeh thlai ei thin dlil tam takte an chin dan leh an tharchhuah dante an

zir nghal bawk a.

Heng an thil hmuh leh thil zir ah hian an tuitlang hle a. Kan thenawm lawkah hetiang

taka min hna an thawk a, tamtak an tharchhuah theih chuan keini Mizoram Sik leh sa tha si,

leilung pawh la tha bawk si ah hian tun aia tamzawk tharchhuak ve turin rilru an in siam

nasa hle a ni.

2. FEED BACK REPRESENTATION ON INTERNATIONAL COURSE RESEARCH ON

IMPORTED BIO-FERTILIZER AND NATIONAL FOUNDA TION TRAINING ON ORGANIC

FARMING.

Ni 18.2.2005 khan Agriculture Secretary hovin Feed back presentation on International

Course Research on Imported Bio-fertilizer and National Foundation Training on Organic

Farming hlawhtling taka neih a ni a. International Course Research Imported Bio- fertilizer

training-a China a han kal Dr.Lalmuanzovi, Instructor, KVK leh Lalengzami Haolai, AEO ten

report ngaihnawm tak an pe a. National Foundation Training on Organic Farming—

Uttaranchal State a zu kal te — Pu Lalrinliana, DAO, Aizawl, Pu Zahlira Hrahsel, DAO Mamit, Pu

Rohmingthanga Colney, DAO Champhai, Pu R.L.Thanzuala, DAO Kolasib ten Report

ngaihnawm tak an pe a. Mizoram tan hlawkna tam tak an rawn hawn a, Mizoram Sawrkar-in

Organic Farming a puan tih hlawhtlinna hmanraw tha tak tak (New Technology) an rawn zir

chhuak a, Mizoram Sawrkarin ahlawkpui hle tura ngaih a ni. Dr.H.Saithantluanga, Deputy

Director (Planning) pawhin Organic Farming a lo hlawhtlin theih ngeina tur in New

Technology tha tak tak a sawi chhuakin rawtna a siam bawk a ni.

3. STATE LEVEL COMMITTEE ON RODENT CONTROL:

Ni 22.February, 2005 dar 10:30 khan Pu Lalramthanga Tochhawng, Secretary to the

Govt.of Mizoram & Director of Agriculture Office Chamber ah an thukhawm a. He

thutkhawm ah hian Rodent Control chungchang a hmalak tawh dante thlirho a ni a. Govt. of

India atanga mithiamte thurawn zirho na te anneih bakah, tun kum kan hman chhoh mek,

Kum 2005 chhunga Rodent Control chungchanga hmalak dan turte an sawi ho bawk a ni.

Commitee hian Sazu rawn puang tur venna tur a hmalak dan tur chi hrang hrangte an

sawiho a, heng mai bakah hian hetia sazu hunbi neia rawn puang thin hi a chhante Chiang

zawka zirchho telin, Scientific taka hriatna tizau thei tura hmalak nise tihpawh an rel tel

bawk ani.

4. SELECTION COMMITTEE ON WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT TEAM (WDT) :

Agriculture Department chuan hmasawnna tha zawk kan neih theihna turin Selection

Committee on Watershed Development Team (WDT) a siamthar a, member te chu hetiang hi

anni :

1. Director ofAgriculture - Chairman

2. Joint Director ofAgriculture - Member secretary

3. Joint Director (Land Use Board) - Member

4. Deputy Director (Planning) - Member

5. Deputy Director (Administration) - Member

5. TRAINING ON SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION :

Pi Lalnunpuii Parte, AEO chu Thailand International Development Co-operation Agency

and Colombo Plan Secretariat and Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University ah "Sustainable

Crop Production" tih thupui a hmangin Training in a kal a. An training hun chhung hi 26-March

11.2005 ani a, Mizoram Agriculture hmasawnna kawng atana pawimawh tak a ni dawn a ni.