AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

Editor

Lalramthanga

Tochhawng

Director of Agriculture

Joint Editors

H. Thankhuma

Dy. Director of Agriculture

(Extension)

R. Zoramthanga

AAIO

Directorate of Agriculture

Cir. Manager

Pi Vanramthangi

SMS (SS)

Zoram Loneitu-a

thu chhuah duh nei

emaw, lehkha thawn

duh emaw chuan a

hnuaia Address-ah

thawn tur a ni.

Editor

ZORAM LONEITU

P.O. Box – 098

Dte. of Agriculture,

Mizoram : Aizawl.

Pin - 796001

CONTENT

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN. – MARCH 2007

2003

1. Editorial …………………………………………………………………….…….. 1

2. Lehkhathawn ………………………………………………………………..…. 2

- Pu Laltlanchhunga & Pu Thangkunga, Lungleng

3. Federation member te nena intawhkhawmna 6.3.2007 a

Pu Haukhum Hauzel, Chief Secretary thusawi…………….……3

4. Hmasawna rahbi thar…………………………………………………..…….6

- C.Lalnithanga, Insecticide Analyst.

5. Stock Exchange kalhmang………………………………………………….9

- Rev.Lalhmangaiha, Sr.Exe.Secretary, Mizoram Synod

6. Performance and Yield of Hybrid Variety of Paddy (KRH-II) at

Crop Demonstration Farm, Zawlpui, Serchhip………………….16

- R.Lalnunzira,B.Sc (Agri) & K.Laltlanmawia, M.Sc. (Agri)

DAO’s Office, Serchhip

7. Tlangram lo neih kan thanmawh bawk……………………….…….18

- H.Joela, S.O-Cum-S.A

8. Hlawk zawka fur thlai chin dan…………………………..…..…………22

- R .Zoramthanga, AAIO

9. Report of the International Research and Development of

new concepts in integrated Pest Management(IPM) from 10

May-2

June 2004 at Bet Dagan, Israel.......................................... 26

- Dr.Lalmuanzovi, Instructor, KVK, Hnahthial &

Asst.Programme Director (MIP)

10. Hlawhtlinna Thuruk ……………………………………………………..….31

- Lalnunpuii Parte, AEO

11. Hranghluite huang…………………………………………………………….33

- (Pu Laibuaia, DAO Rtd.) chanchin

12. KEIMAHNI……………………………………………..………….………….......35

- S. Rokhuma, President, FARMFED

13. Effect of long term use of organic and inorganic manures on

sustainable corp production………………………………..….…….….. 30

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

EDITORIAL

T hufing chuan "Thil hlawhtling nghal mah suhse, bei la bei nawn rawh" a

ti a. A ni taka, engkimah hlawhtlinna kan neih theih na tur chuan thawhrim leh

bei nawn peih a tul hle ani.

Kan ram hruaitu pawimawh tak tak te pawh hi beidawng duh miah lova,

ram leh hnam kaihhruaina tur leh hmasawnna tur a an policy duan tih hlawhtlin

tum in, in thlanna ah vawi khat ah tling mai lo mahse, an policy sawi mawi zelin,

mipui a thlang tlingtu tur te an hmin hret hret a, a tawpah chuan thlantlin ni in

ram hruaitu tha tak an lo ni thin a ni. Chutiang bawkin. Sawrkar hnarkai tu

Officer lian tak tak, mi hlawhtling em em te pawh hian an dinna tur leh an nihna

tur thlir ranin rilru hah chung chungte, hrehawm tam tak tuar chung te in lehkha

an zir a, an exam a. Central Service te, State Service te an exam a, an lo hlawhtling

in dinhmun sang tak takah an lo awm thin a. Mi khawsa thei tak tak te, mi awm

thei tak tak te pawh hian an thawhrim rah an seng a, dinhmun tha tak ah an awm

mai thin a ni.

Zoram hnukpui ber ei leh bar a intodelh tur a kut hnathawktute hian

beidawng lovin- taimak chhuah zual sauh sauh i la, Agriculture Department a

mithiam te rawn zelin, kan buh leh bal leh kan thlai chin ah te hian kan intodelh

thei a nih tih hmu tlang rangin, beidawng miah lovin tui takin kan hmabak ah ke

pen char char ila. Tunah hlawhtlinna hmuh tur lian tham awm rih lo mahse,

Zoram hi kan la thangin. kan la intodelh ngei dawn a ni tih rilru pu ranin,

tumruhna nei ranin hma lam i pan zel ang u.

A tawp a tawpah chuan kut hnathawktu taimakna a zarah kan la intodelh

ang a, kan ram leh kan hnam hi a lo zahawm in, a lo hmingthang ngei dawn a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

The Editor,

Zoram Loneitu.

Kapu,

Keini Zokhaw lama chengte tana chanchintha lawmawm tak mai

Agriculture Department in in lo siam thar Facilitation Centre (Loneitute tan) hi a

hlu kan ti a. Kan hriatna ti bengvartu anih mai bakah Kut hnathawktute hlawkna

ropui tak minpe tu a ni zel dawn a. Pu Editor, hetiang abika keini Loneitute/Kut

hnathawktu ten Office in Department in han ruahman mai hi a ava fin thlak em!

Loneitute Information Facilitation Centre lo changtlung zel rawh se.

Rinawmin,

Sd/-

Laltlanchhunga

& Thangkunga

Lungleng

Dt. 29.1.2007.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

FEDERATION MEMBER-TE NENA INTAWHKHAWMNA, 6/3/2007-A

PU HAUKHUM HAUZEL, CHIEF SECRETARY THUSAWI

Vawiina Mizoram Sorkar hnathawk pawimawh zawng zawngte nena

inhmuhkhawmna hun tha tak kan nei hi lawmawm ka ti takzet a ni. Federation of

Mizoram Govt. Employees & Workers (FMGE&W) kaihhruaina a hetiang

intawhkhawmna lo awm ta mai hi thil danglam tak, Mizoram State leh State

dangah pawh thil awm zen zen lo anih ka ring. Sorkar hnathawk - a sang a sing tel

kalkhawm hi chu kan hre fo tawh thin a, amaherawhchu an punkhawm nachhan

chu vawiin a punkhawm chhan nen a in ang lo hle a ni. Sorkar hnathawk

pungkhawm tam zawk chuan an mahni ham thatna tur chi hrang hrang - hlawh

sang zawk te, promotion chak zawk te leh facilities tam zawk dawn dan tur leh

mahni hmasialna anga lang thei nawrna atan ani deuh ber thin. Vawiinah erawh

chuan, “Sorkar hnathawk te hi midang tana malsawmna engtin nge kan nih theih

ang?" tih sawiho leh ngaihtuah tura kalkhawmna anih avangin a danglam bik em

em a, tunhnu thleng pawha chhinchhiah tlak tak a ni. Hetiang lam hawia

Federation hruaitute hmalakna hi a fakawmin a chhuanawm ka ti a, rah tha tak a

chhuah ngei pawh ka beisei tlat a ni.

Kan hriat theuh angin Mizoram hi India ram State naupang berte zinga mi

kan ni a, kan development level-te pawh ala sang lova, private company lian deuh

pawh kan la nei lova. Central Sorkar Corporation lian pawh kan nei hek lo. Kut

hnathawka eizawng leh sumdawng engemaw zat tih loh chu kan eizawnna, kan

nupui fanau chawm nan Sorkar-ah kan innghat nasa em em a ni. Tunah hian

Mizoram-ah Sorkar hnathawk 55,000 vel kan awm a. Group 'A' officer hi 2948 an

ni a, Group 'B' (Gazetted & non-gazetted) pawh 9575 an ni. Heng Sorkar

hnathawk te hlawh hi kumtin nuai 756 vel ani a, pension hlawh ringawt pawh

kumtin nuai 100 deuhthaw pek a ngai a ni. Tichuan kan State in kumtin kan sen

ral, nuai 19670 vel atanga chhutin, kan budget 43% aia tam chu hlawh leh

pension atan hman a ni a. Kan population atanga chhutin mi 200 zelah hian

Sorkar hnathawk 13 vel awm ang kan ni. Heng avang te hian Centre-a kan hotute

an kalin a chang chuan in “staff” te hi an va tam em em ve, tih tawngkam te pawh

an dawng thin a, kan Chief Minister ngei pawh hian, "Mizoram State hi economic

dinhmun thatna vang ni lovin, politics thila loh theih loh vanga din a ni (Mizoram

State has been created not due to economic viability, but because of political

necessity)" ti hiala a sawi a ngaih chang a awm thin. Hetiang hi thil awmdan a ni

a, Sorkar-in kan Ram leh a khua leh tuite rawngbawltu ni ve a, nupui fanau

chawmna min siamsak hi thil lawmawm tak ani a, lawm nachang pawh kan hre

bawk tur a ni. Mahni ei hmuhna ngaihpawimawh hmasak bera neih nachang hre

lo, mahni hlawh hmuhna aia thildang, kohhran hna emaw NGO hna emaw

khawtlang thil emaw ngai pawimawh zawk chu mi dik leh rinawm tak an ni ang

tih rin a harsa a ni. Aizawl-a 'advertisement' mawi ka tih ber pakhat chu

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

R.C.Khuma VIP Tailors in, "Ka hna, taima tak leh rinawm taka ka thawh hi

missionary work ani," tih hi a ni. Vawiina lo kal khawmte hian- "Ka office, ka ,

seat hi missionary hna ka thawhna a ni," ti thei vek ila chuan kan Ram in hma a

sawn ang a, rawng kan bawlsak mipuite pawhin lungawina an hmu ngei ang.

Hetiang thil hrechiang apiang rilruah society-ah bat an neih a chiang a, chu

"social obligation" chu an theih ang lawk a tha a hlen pawh an tum thin a ni. He

rilru atang hi chuan Sorkar hnathawk te chu 'master' ni lova. 'public servant' an

ni tih a chiang em em thin a, rawng an bawl sak a te (citizens-te) an lung a awi

chuan anmahni chhungril takah hlimna leh lungawina alo luangchhuak lo thei lo

a ni. Hetiang rilru, midangte tana rawngbawl tur, 'mipui chhiahhlawh' nih

inhriatna hian kan Bible-a Krista rilru a tih kha a hnaih hlein ka hria. "He rilru,

Krista Isua pawha awm bawk kha, nangmahniah awm rawh se; ani zawngin

Pathian anga awm a, Pathian tluka awm chu thil thlakhlelh hleih theihah a ruat

lova...." tiin Philipi 2:5,6 ah kan hmuh kha. Hetiang rilru putu te chuan midang fak

leh chawimawi duh vangte ni lovin- anmahni chhungrila chhia leh tha hriatna in a

tihtir ang zawkin mipui rawng an bawl thin a ni. An pute hnen atanga ACR tha

beisei vang pawh a ni hek lo!

Sorkar hnathawkten kan tihtur, kan duty tha tak leh rinawm taka kan hlen

theuh hi a "Kristian" em em in ka hria. Pathian thu chuan, "Chutichuan, thil

engkim miin in chunga an tiha in duh tur ang apiang chu, mi chungah pawh ti ve

rawh u; chu chu Dan thu leh Zawlneite thu a ni reng si a" a ti a ni (Matthaia 7:12).

I pawimawh ngaihven turin office-ah va kal ta la, Sorkar hnathawk i biak tura kha

lo kal tlai fo mai sela, i duh ang em?

"Tlawmngai pawl meeting-ah a kal, a thiante inneihna ah ava tel ve, mitthi

a ral"tih thu te dawng fo mai la, i lawm angem? I certificate, ration card leh

driving licence lakchhuahna tur file kha "pending" reng mai sela i thin a rim

viau lo ang maw? I thil duh chinfel nan, supply order, contract i hmuh theih nan

sum lo phut ta sela- Anti-Corruption-ah emaw High Court-ah emaw i zualko vat

mai lo ang maw? Hetiang thil avang te hian ani office hun taka kal te, office

chhuahsan zin lutuk loh te, official pakhat dawhkan ah 'file' nithum aiarei a

'pending' tur a ni lo tih te leh office-a dawrtu (visitor/customer) an awm laiin

'computer game' khelh san loh tur te sawi a tul nachhan chu, "Chief Secretary

kum khat emaw a han chelh ve dek dek a, punctuality te, file chinfel thuai tur te,

computer game paih bo tur lam ringawt a sawi a sawi a" min ti te pawh an awm a

ni awm e. Kei chuan hetiang thu hi ka sawi zel dawn – ka ‘gospel’ ve a ni. Hei

vanga fak ka hlawh pawhin a tha a, rel leh sawichhiat ka hlawh pawhin a tha tho -

midang tamtak tan pawh chanchin tha a ni tho tih hi ka rilru chhungril takah ka

pawm ve tlat a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

Tunlai khawvel hmun hrang hrangah 'good governance’ hian

ngaihpawimawh a hlawh hle a. India ramah pawh Central Sorkar leh State Sorkar

tamtakte chu helam kawngah hian an kal thui hle tawh a ni. Good governance in a

tum ber chu rorelna ]ha leh felfai zawk, mipuite tan pawh dik leh awlsam zawka

sorkar a]anga an chanvo leh mamawh te an dawn theihna kawng zawnna a ni. He

thu hian a huamzau em em mai a, khua leh tuite (citizens) hringnun khawih reng

reng chu a huam a ni, a tih theih awm e. A langsar zual tlem chauh tarlang dawn

ila. Dan Rorelna (rule of law) te, langtlang sorkar, mipui telh tamna (people-

centred approach) te.Dan hnuaia intluktlanna (equality) te, mipui rawngbawltute

mawhphurhna (accountability) te leh thil dang tam tak a awm a ni. Heti lam hawi

thu hi Chief Minister nen pawh vawi engemaw zat kan sawi dun tawh a, hma chak

taka lak ]an a ]ulin kan hria. Good governance a 'concept' leh ‘principle' zawng

zawng chu vawi leh khatah hman ]an nghal mai theih a nih loh

avangin, heng zinga pawimawh tak tak pahnih, mipui leh Sorkar ]anhona

(involvement of civil society leh decentralisation of powers-te hi bul ]annan

hmang ila a ]ha ang, kan ti a ni. Mipui leh Sorkar ]anhona dan tur hi engtiang

chiah a tih tur nge, tih duan fel ala ni lo a, 'civil society' te nen inrawn tawn zel a

hmalak tur a ni ang a, a programme hmingah pawh 'Citizen-Government

Partnership' te pawh a vuah theih ang. He partnership-in a tumber tur chu Sorkar

project leh scheme-te hi a nihna tur ang taka hlen chhuah a nih theih a, a

dawngtu tur dik tak in an dawn theih nan mipui leh Sorkar ]anrual dan tur

ruahman ani dawn a ni. Hemi chungchangah hian Sorkar hnathawk zawng zawng

leh mipuite a]anga rawtna leh finchhuahna Sorkar-in a mamawh em em dawn a

ni. Tin, ‘good governance' practice a hmalak tur, 'decentralisation of authority' hi

thil pawimawh tak a ni. Sorkar hnathawk tin mai a lu ber a]anga a hniam ber

thlengin mahni tih tur mahni role kan nei ]heuh a, chung kan tih tur, kan

mawhphurhna ]heuh kan hlen hian kan Sorkar a lo mawi a, Ramin hmasawnna

kawng a zawh thei ]hin a ni. Rah ]ha phur chhuak turin mawhphurhna

(responsibility) kan nei a, chu mawhphurhna hlenchhuak tur chuan Sorkar

hnathawk tinin kan dinhmun ang zelin thuneihna (authority) kan mamawh a ni.

Mawhphurna ringawt in pek a, thuneihna a thuam si loh chuan rah ]ha phur

chhuak turin a beisei theih loh. Delegation of powers principle ah chuan

"Responsibility should be commensurate with authority" tih a ni. Officer-in a

hnuaia mite control-na a neih loh chuan 'result' ]ha phur chhuak turin beisei

theih a ni lo ang. Chuvangin tuna kan Sorkar kal dan te pawh hi ngun taka kan in

ennawn a ]ha ang a, siam]hat ngai apiang chu siam]hat hna kan thawk tur a ni; a

]ul a nih chuan kan Transaction of Business Rules te pawh ennawn tur a ni ang.

Sorkar hnathawk tena kan neih ngei ngei tur, pawimawh ka tih em em

leh ka sawi ve fo chu "professionalism" hi a ni. Hei hian mahni hna tih tak taka

ngaihpawimawhna, tunlai ]awnga "hneh taka mahni hnathawh" te a kawk thei

awm e. Keini Mizote hi a tlangpuiin Sorkarhna kan hmuh hnu hian kan hna thiam

tak tak duhna, kan 'subject' master tumna kan tlachham deuhin ka hre ]hin.

Appointment order kan neih tawh hnu hi chuan kan thuthluang ta mai te pawh a

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

ang ]hin. File 'processing' ah hian 'professionalism' kan tlakchham dan chu a

hriat chian theih mai awm e. Assistant avanga Senior officer tam tak, U.S. te, D.S.

te, J.S/A.S. te a kal pelh hnu pawhin "gap fill up" tur a tam hle ]hin. Eng rule nge

hman tur, Constitution kalh thei te a ni em, precedent a awm tawh em? .....

hetiang 'common sense' a hriat tur leh zawh awm tak te pawh tarlan lohin a awm

fo mai. Kan Mizo ]awng a "ni mai mai rawh se" tih te hi kan nitin official

hnathawh dan ah kan lo chhawm palh mai em ni? I office tana i ]angkai chuan i

Department tan i ]angkai tihna a ni a, i Department tana i ]angkai chuan State

Sorkar tan i ]angkai a. State tana i ]angkai chuan mipui tan i ]angkai a lo ni. Kan

sawitak angin i hna i thawh ]hat a, i mawhphurhna ah i rinawm chuan missionary

]ha ilo ni reng a ni. Kan incheimawina te, kan thiam te, society leh Kohhran a kan

inhman avang ngawt ni loin, kan thil tih ]hat avangin Pathian chu chawimawiin a

awm dawn a ni. “Chutiang bawkin in ENG chu mi mit hmuhin eng rawh se,

chutichuan in THIL TIH THAT TE an hmu anga a, in Pa vana mi an chawimawi

thei ang" (Matthaia 5:16).

HMASAWNNA RAHBI THAR

C.Lalnithanga

Insecticide Analyst

Directorate of Agriculture Aizawl.

Mizoram-a loneitu ten zawi zawiin hma an sawn ve zel a, a lawmawm

hle. Agriculture hi sumdawnna lian tak anga a kal hunah chuan mithiam tam

takin lo an nei anga, Sap ram kan sawi ang maiin loneitute chu ram hnuk tak tak,

Politician te pawhin an zah em em te an la ni dawn a ni. Amaherawhchu, tuna

Mizorama loneitute dinhmun hi beisei angin a la ]ha tawk lo a, kum tina buh leh

thlai an china an thar danah te, leilung an sawngbawl danah te hian hmasawnna

tur tam tak an la nei a ni. Chung zinga a ]hen azar chauh tun ]umah hian kan

tarlang dawn a ni.

l. Leilet/Huan ram zau zawng: Loneitu tam ber hian an leilet zau rawng te, an

huan ram zau zawng te hi a dik chiah chu an sawi hlei thei lo tlangpui a ni. Hei hi

a pawi hle, kan huan leh leilet zau zawng hi kum 2007 a]ang chuan a dik tak kan

sawi thei tawh tur a ni. A tehna hmanrua 'Measuring Tape' keng in kan ram, thlai

chinna chin kha teh ila, chhinchhiah thlap bawk ila. Tunlai chhanah ram zau

zawng sawi nan 'Bigha' hman hi a ]hing tawh a, "ka leilet chu bigha chuti zat a zau

a ni" tia sawi hi a hmanlai tawh tlat a, sim chi a ni. Tunlaia ram zau zawng teh

nana Agriculture Department (Khawvel pumah pawh a ni) in a hman ber chu

Acre (ekhar) leh Hectare (hectare) hi a ni. Acre khat zau zawng chu 4000 Square

Metres a ni. Metre khat sei lam kha 3 ft. ang a chhut a ni. Tichuan, i ram kha a

dung leh a vang i teh ang a, metre zelin i chhinchhiah ang a, a dung leh a vang

puntir hnuah 4000 Square metre a tlin chuan i ram chu acre khat a zau tihna a ni

a, aia tam leh tlem pawh a awm thei. Acre 2.5 hian Hectare khat a tluk a, a awmzia

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

chu i ram bial zau lam i han teh chuan acre 2 leh a chanve (2.5) a nih chuan a

hectare zawnga sawi dawn chuan Hectare khat a zau tihna a ni. Hectare khat zau

lam hi 10000 Square metres a ni. I ram zau zawng kha acre hlir pawhin i sawi

thei a, hectare hlir pawhin i sawi thei.

Acre khata zau hi 0.4 hectare chiah a ni. Hectare hlira zau a i dah duh

chuan i ram zau zawng (a dung leh a vang puntir chhuak kha) 10000 in sem la,

hectare zat chu a lo chhuak zel ang. Chutiang bawk chuan i ram zau zawng

chu Acre hlira i dah duh chuan a zau zawng (a dung leh a vang puntir chhuak

kha) 4000 in sem la, acre zat chu a lo chhuak mai ang. I hriat reng tur chu a dung

leh a vang i teh lai khan "metre" zatin i teh in i chhinchhiah tur ani.

Amaherawhchu, i lo tisual palh a, 'feet' hlira ilo chhinchhiah a nih chuan a dung

leh a vang kha i puntir hmain "pathum" (3) in sem leh phawt la, tichuan "metre"

ah i chantir vek dawn a ni.

Hetianga mahni ram zau zawng acre emaw hectare emaw-a chhinchhiah

hi engnge a ]ulna chhan? tiin i zawt mai thei, a pawimawhna te chu hengte hi a ni:

1) Mizoram puma lo, leilet leh huan ram zau zawng chhinchhiah hi dik taka

sawi duh chuan a dik tawk lo a ni. Hei vang hian Kristian tamna State-a loneitute

chuan an ram bial zau zawng hi a dik tak an chhinchhiah ang a. State puma kan

record (data) hi a lo dik sauh dawn ani.

2) Tunhmaa ]anpuina hmuh tam duh avanga a diklo report ]hin kha kum

2007 hnu lamah chuan loneituten an bansan tawh tur a ni, AMFU leh Mizoram

Kut hnathawktu Inzawmkhawm Pawl te, MICLUN etc. ten Sawrkar hi dik tura an

duh angin Sawrkar pawhin loneitute hi dik turin a duh ve tho a ni.

3) Ram bial khat, lo emaw, leilet emaw a thlai chi thlak tur zat (seed rate) te,

fertilizer leh bawmgek ngai zat te, leithur siam]hat nana chinai thi (slaked lime)

ngai zat te, lei ti ]ha thei thlai chin tur (green manuring crops) zat etc. chhut

chhuah nan hian ram zau lam hi Acre emaw Hectare emaw a chhut chhuah vek a

ni. Loneitu ten an ram zau lam acre emaw Hectare emaw-a a dik taka an

chhinchhiah loh avangin mamawh zat dik tak (requirement) chhut chhuah a

harsa ]hin a ni.

4) Ram zau zawng a dik loh chuan buh leh thlai thar hlut lam (yield

potential) chhut dik a har a ni. A awmzia chu buh leh thlai thar kha a hlawk leh

hlawk loh chhuta harsa ]hin a ni. Ram zau zawng kha zau duarin report ta ila, a

thar a tlem si chuan ahlawk lo hle dawn ani. Chuvangin Mizo ten kan sawi dan 'tin

khat hmun, tin hnih hmun etc. ' tih ringawt hi a dik thei lo, ']in' tih hrim hrim

pawh tunah chuan a danglam hle tawh ang. Hei vang hian a thar hlawk lam 'yield

per unit area' chhut chhuak tur chuan a ram zau zawng dik tak hriat hi a ]ul a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

2. Buh leh thlai thar teh dan: A hmasa in buh thar (buh hum) Mizo ten kan

tih dan hi a rintlak lohvin a hmanlai tawh hle mai, a dik lo bawk nen thlak vat a

hun ta. Buh hum thar tam lam hi ']in' in kan teh ber a, ]in len lam a inang bawk

silo nen, buh thar zat report hi a diklo nasa hle tihna a ni. India ram State. dangah

chuan buh thar hi an 'rih lam' an buk vek a, buhthar zat an sawi dan pawh 'quin-

tals leh ton' ani. Mizorama loneitute pawh hian thil dik tak kan duh phawt chuan

buh hum thar zat hi a rih lam buk thlap vek ila, tehkhawng dang hman pawh a dik

thei lo. A chhan chu lo khata buh seng rau rau pawh a si tamna mual ami chu tin

khat raurau a 'zang' bik tlat a ni. Buh variety inang pawh nise buh hmin chhia leh

a si tam chu a zang bik a, ]inkhat rau rauah buhfai haw zat pawh a tlem bik a ni.

Hei vang hian Sawrkar pawhin thupek chhuah se, AMFU leh Kut hnathawktu

Pawl hrang hrang ten bawhzui se, Kum 2007 a ]ang chuan buh hum thar hi a rih

lam buk vekin chhinchhiah nise, Mizoram puma buhthar zat report hi a lo dik

tawh dawn a-ni. Kristian, Vanram kai tum te tan phei chuan tih ngei ngei chi a ni.

Kan hriat reng tur pakhat chu buh hum thar hi kan buk hmain nisaa pho

]an phawl tur a nia, chumi hnuah a si zap fai vek bawk ila. Hei hian kan dah

]hatna buhzem a kan khung hnuah a eichhetu rannung (storage insect pests)

lakah ahim bik a, 'buhsa' pawh a tlem bik ani. Pho ] an a, zahfai hnuah kan buk

anga, a thar zat dik tak kan chhinchhiah dawn a ni. Hetianga kan buk chuan

sawma pakhat pe duh tan pawh teh dan hlui a sawi tawh lovin a' quintal' zawngin

sawma pakhat an pe tawh bawk ang. Quintal 100 thar chuan Quintal 10 buh hum

kha sawma pakhat a pek tur zat chu a ni mai.

Thlai thar kan tih dan pawh hi a dik tawk lo tih kan hre ]heuh awm e.

An]am, Maian, Behlawi, Bahkhawr, Dhania, etc. pawh hi a 'tel' (bundle) nilovin a

bukin buk vek ila, ]um khatah 'Kg' (Kilogram) engzat nge kan hralh tih

chhinchhiah vek ila, kan thar zat kan hre dik dawn a ni.

Hetiang hian Bal, Bahra- Kawlbahra, Maitai, Maite, Maipawl, Fanghma,

Hmazil, Dawnfawh, Chhawhchhi etc. lo, leilet leh huana kan thlai thar zawng

zawng hi a bukin buk vek ila, kharchhawngtu leh a zuartute pawhin an buk ve zel

tawh ang a, a thartu, a kharchhawngtu leh bazar a zuartu te leh a leitute thlengin

a buk a buk chuan lungawina min siam tlang ang a, a thar zat report pawh a lo dik

dawn a ni.

Thingtlang lo a Maian thar a]anga buh seng zawh hnua, Chhawhchhi, La

etc. thar thleng hian buk vek ta ila, a ramhaw chu pawisain chantir leh ta ila a tam

tham ve fe ang. Hei vang hian Kum 2007 a]ang chuan buh leh thlai thar zat hi buk

ila. Kg emaw,Quintal in emaw sawi in chhinchhiah vek ila, a phurtu Sumo leh

Bazar Bus neitute pawhin awmze neiin a phurh man pawh an khawn thei anga, a

thartu, a phurtu, a zuartu leh a leitute kan lawm tlang dawn a ni. Agriculture De-

partment leh Economics & Statistics Department pawhin Record dik tak an

vawng thei tawh dawn a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

3. Buh leh thlai a tlara chin/phun: Kan huan lo ram hi zauh mai mai a theih

tawh loh. Kan patta chin chauh kha kan ram chin a ni. Chhiah kan chawina ram

kha a hlawk thei ang ber leh a ]angkai thei ang bera hman kan tum tur a ni.

Vairam/Phai ramah chuan ram a zawl duai a, 'ko pang' an nei lova, an ram neih

kha a zavaiin an chhawr thei a ni. Mizoramah chuan lei let ]henkhat leh tlangram

terrace ah chuan thlawhfai tho ngai si, thlai chin theihna ni si lo 'ko pang' terrace

ko tlang a awm zel. Hei vang hian ram zau zawng kan sawi pawh hian thlai chin

theihna lai tak tak (total cropped area) chu tlemin a la zim hret zel a ni. Hei vang

hian buh pawh a tlar ngeiin phun ila, mithiamten a tlar leh a tlar inhlat zawngte,

buh kung leh buh kung inhlat zawngte, a 'tawk chauh' a sawi hi zawm thei ila,

acre khatah buh kung awm zat pawh a lo tam daih dawn a ni. Entirnan, Buh kung

leh buh kung inhlat lam hi 10 cm nise, ft.3 bial (l Sq.Metre) ah chuan buh kung 33

vel a lo awm dawn a ni. A zing lutuk leh a khat lutuk chu a ]ha chuanglo,

mithiamte sawi hi ring ngam ila a ]ha.

Thlai leh thei te pawh kan tuh lai leh kan phun laiin a tlar fel tak leh a

inhlat lam kan ngaihtuah tur a ni. A chuk laka tuha phun ai chuan ram zau lam

inang rengah a tlara tuh a phun chuan thlai kung leh thei kung a leng tam zawk a

ni. Kan ram neih hlu tak kha a theih ang tawkin kan hmang ]angkai tur a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

4. A variety hriat: Buh leh thlai kan chin reng reng chu Mizo ]awngin emaw,

Sap emaw, Vai ]awngin emaw talin a hming kan hre ve tur a ni. 'Variety' tih pawh

hi Mizo ]awngin ang maiin hmang ila,’ a chi hrang' tihna mai a ni a, mahse buh ah

pawh variety tam tak a awm a, eng variety ber nge kan chin tih hriat a pawimawh

a ni. Eng buh leh thlai pawh ching ila a variety a zirin a thar tam leh tlem lam a

hril ve a ni. Chubakah kan thlai chin kha -Hybrid' a nih leh nih loh kan hre bawk

tur a ni. Hybrid kan chin chuan a kum leh atan kha hybrid thlai a]ang khan a chi

(seed) kan la tur a ni lo, a thar hlawk tawh lo a ni.

STOCK EXCHANGE KALHMANG

Rev. Lalhmangaiha

Mission Veng, Aizawl

Thuhmahruai: Stock Exchange leh Stock Market chungchang hi College-

ah Commerce emaw Economics subject emaw zir lo va; mahse ka ziak ve ngawt

hi kei pawhin mak ka ti tho. Ka hriat dan tlemte hi hmanah ka ziak a, copies 10

vel lek xerox copy ka siam a, chu chu ]hianten min dil leh ]hin avangin a copy

pawh pakhat chauh ka nei tawh a, chu chu Computer-ah ka dah lut a. Hei hi kei

aia hre chiang zawkte cho chhuahna pawh a ni ang a tiin ka ziak a ni. A dik tawk

lo lai a awm mai thei a, tin, ka hriat a tlem em avangin belhchian dawl lo lai pawh

a awm theiin ka ring.

1. Sumdawn dan chi hrang: Mizovin ‘sumdawng' kan tiha kan rilrua

langsar ber niawm chu khawi lai hmuna mi emaw bungraw zawrh chhawn tur

lak a, a hlep awma hralh hi a ni. Dawrkai pawh hi 'sumdawng' kan ti bawk.

Mahse, Bank-a a pung awma sum dah erawh hi chu 'sumdawng' kan ti lem lo.

Sumdawng kan tihin a kawh ber chu 'sum peipung' hi a ni mai awm e. Chuti a lo

nih chuan Dak inah te, Bank-ah te, LIC-ah te, UTI-ah te sum kan dah (invest) hian

kan sumdawng a ni.

Bungrua a hlep awma hralh chauh lo pawh hi sumdawn dan chi hrang a

tam mai. Trading Company din te, Stock Market-a 'Share' lei te, Saving Scheme

hrang hranga sum dah pawh hi a ]ha hle. A ]ha satliah mai pawh a ni lo va, a him

zawk bawk. Mizo zingah chuan Stock Market chinchang hria kan tam lo hlein a

lang. Economics leh Commerce subject zirte pawhin an hre zik tluak lo thei a, a

'theory' chuan an hre ]hin a, a taka tihve a awm lem loh avangin an chiang lo ]hin.

Chuvangin nitin chanchinbua lo lang ]hin, Stock Market tih phek phei hi chu Mizo

zingah a chhiarpeih leh ngaihven kan tlem hle a ni. Kan hriat thiam loh vang niin

a lang a, hre thiam ila, kan tuipui ngeiin a rinawm.

2. Company din chhan: Joint Stock Company an tih hi ‘Sumdawngtu

Inhlawmkhawm’ tihna a ni a. Sumdawng ]angrual zingah hian chi hrang hrang -

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

Pannership te, Joint Stock Company te, Cooperative Organisation-te an awm a.

Heng zingah hian Joint Stock Company hi kan thlur bing dawn a ni.

Limited Company din turin thil pathum tih hmasak tur a awm. A

hmasaberah chuan Company din dawnin mi 7 emaw, a aia tam emaw an ni tur a

ni. Chutianga din thei tur mihring zat an tlin tawh chuan an tih leh tur chu

'Memorandum of Association' an ti a, an pawl hming te, an office hawnna hmun

te, sum an sen leh lakluh tum zat leh a bul ]anna zat tur (amount of share capital)

te, 'share' an siam dan tur kalhmang te ziakin an ruahman fel ang a. Chumi

zawhah chuan 'Article of Association' an ti a, an pawl (Company) inenkawl dan

tur ziakna bu an siam leh ang a, tichuan heng hi an peih fel vek hnuah Registrar of

Joint Stock Company (Shillong) hnenah an thehlut ang a, phalna pek an ni ang.

3. Capital Market Awmzia: Joint Stock Company reng reng chuan an

sumdawnna tur bul ]an nan pawisa awmsa ' Capital ' an mamawh ]hin a; chu chu

a hmuh chhuah dan tur mumal tak an ngaihtuah a ngai a ni. 'Capital' tih hi a mawl

thei ang bera sawi chuan sumdawngtuin a sumdawnna bul ]an nana sum a

mamawh hi ani mai. Market tih chu bazar tihna a ni a, tichuan, sum hmuhna tur

awmze nei taka ruahmanna hmun Stock Exchange ah Share chi hrang hrang an

hralh a, chu chu Capital Market an ti. Entirnan, Company pakhat chuan bul ]an

nan cheng vaibelchhe nga lai a mamawh a. Chu mi nan chuan Certificate ang deuh

an siam a, pakhat cheng sawm zelin an zuar a, chu chu Share an ti. Share chu

Stock Exchange-ah hmun bik siamah chuan an zuar a, chu chu Capital Market a ni.

Hetiang hi Primary Market an ti a, tin, Secondary Market an tih pawh a la awm

bawk. Stock Exchange-ah chuan Share lei leh hralh hi nitin an ti a, mipui an phu

lui lui lai hi TV-ah pawh kan hmu ]hin a, thil pawimawh tak ani. Heta Share

lei lehhralh dan dinhmun hian ram pumpui economic dinhmun a hril a, a

pawimawhzia hi nakinah kan la sawi belh ang.

4. Share engnge ni?

A chungah tlem chu kan sawi tawh nain chiang zawkin sawi belh leh ila.

Company sum mamawh (Capital) kha hmuh chhuah dan kawng zawngin

Certificate ang deuh ' Share' an ti mai a, chu chu tam tak an siam a, pakhat zel chu

Rs. 10/-in anhralh a, duh zat zat lei theih a ni a, amaherawhchu Rs.50/- man aia

tlem an lei ngai lo. A tak takah chuan cheng sing tela lei duh an nih loh chuan an

pe chhuak mai mai lo. Tin, chan a harsa hle a, mi ]henkhat chuan cheng nuai nga

emaw a aia tam man emaw lai an lei ]hin. Cheng vaibelchhe tel tam tak hu an

siam avangin Company mamawh (Capital) chu kar lovah an hmu mai ]hin a ni.

Share chu a tirah Chanchinbuah an zuar a, chutianga vantlang leitheih tura an

zawrh hun lai chu Capital Issue emaw New Issue emaw an ti a, chutih laia lei

chuan Rs. 10/- man zel a ni a, ahnu zelah erawh chuan Stock Market-ah Share chu

a ]henin an hralh chhawng a, miin an lei a, kha Company kha a thilsiam a ]hat a,

miin an lei ]hat chuan Share hlutna kha a lo sang zel a, kum tinin hma an sawn zel

a nih phei chuan an Company Share hlutna a sang ve zel a, a tira cheng sawm man

kha cheng za emaw a aia tam emaw ani hial ]hin a ni. Company thil siam chhuah

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

chu hralh a tla vak lo a nih erawh chuan an Company Share hlutna a tlahniam

thung a, chutiang a nih chuan Share leitute khan an hralh vat a ngai ]hin a ni.

Company zawng zawngin Share an siam vek a, duh duh a lei theih. India ram

pumah 1993-94 chhung chauh pawh khan Capital Issue hi chi hrang 335 a awm a,

chuta ]ang ringawt chuan cheng Tluklehdingawn zathum sawmhnih pathum leh

Vaibelchhe sawm thum pahnih an hmu chhuak a ni.

Share hi chi hnih angin an ]hen ]hin a. Pakhat chu 'Preference Share ' a ni

a, a dang leh chu 'Equity Share ' an ti. Preference Share kalhmang chu Share neitu

Company khan a thil hralhah hlawkna a nei emaw nei lo emaw Share leitu

chanpual tur (Dividend) kha a awm hrim hrim a. Equity Share ang chiah hi chuan

Company a hlawk leh Share leitu a hlawk ve a. Company a hlawk loh leh Share

leitu a hlawk lo ve mai ]hin. Inang renga Company leh a Share leituin an hloh

emaw an hlep emaw vangin a hmingah Equity Share an vuah a ni. Heng lo pawh

hi Share chi hrang hrang a la awm.

5. Shareholders: Shareholders hi Share leitu hming niawm tak ni si lo a

ni. Share neitu Company dintute zawk sawina a ni. Share hi Company

(Shareholder) chanpual tur ruatsa a awm a, an chanpual tura ruat bak chu mipui

chanpual atana ruat a ni. Share-holders hian Company chu an ta nimahse nitin

hna ]ulah an va inrawlhve ngai lo. An aiawha enkawltu tur 'Board of Directors' an

ruat a, chungho chuan an enkawl sak ]hin. Share-holders zingah Preference

Shareholders ang chi an awm.

6. Dibentures (Bonds): Dibentures hi chu Share nen a inang lo deuh.

Share chu kan sawi tawh angin miin Company ta a lei ]hin a, Dibentures erawh

chu Company khan tute emaw a]angin sum tam tak a puk a, chu chu pung awm

dan tur te leh thil dang ]ul apiang inberem hmasain an inremna thuthlung chu an

ziak a, chu chu 'Bonds' emaw 'Dibentures' emaw an tih chu a ni.

Dibentures hi chi hnih a awm. Pakhat chu Convertible Dibentures a ni a, a

dang chu Non-Convertible Dibentures a ni. Convertible Dibenture chu hun tiam

thlen huna Equity Share-a lei theih chi hi a ni mai.

7. Securities: Securities an tih hi chu a mawl thei ang bera sawi chuan

pawisa dahna hmun tihna ani mai. Him si, hlawk si, tlo bawk sia pawisa i dah

]hinna Bank emaw Post Office emaw, Fixed Deposit emaw ang chi reng reng hi a

huam a ni. Kan sawi tawh Share leh Dibentures te pawh kha Securities an tihah

an tel vek tho. A pung (interest) awm theih dan leh azat chu a inang hle thei a,

mahse him tak leh fel taka sum dah an nih avangin Securities an vuah a ni ang.

8. Stock Market Kalhmang: Stock Market chu Sorkar Securities te,

Semi-Government Securities te, Private Company Securities te, Shares leh

Dibentures fel taka an hralh a, an lei a, inelna awmze nei tak nena sumdawnna

hmunpui a ni. Stock tih ringawt hi chu hrilhfiah a harsa khawp mai. Mahse heti

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

hian sawi ila a fiah theih deuh a rinawm. Trading Company hrang hrangte sum

mamawh (Captital), Stock Market-a an zawrh, Company tam takte ta nena a vaia

belhkhawm hi Stock chu a ni mai a. Entirnan, Motor siamtu Company chuan bul

]an nan Cheng vaibelchhe nga a mamawh a, HMT Company chuan vaibelchhe

hnih a mamawh bawk a, Cement siamtu Company pawhin vaibelchhe thum a

mamawh a. Chutiang zel chuan Company hrang hrangin mamawh (Capital) an nei

]heuh va, chung an mamawh awmkhawm chu Stock a ni. Kawng dangin sawi ila.

Stock Market-a Shares chi hrang hrang an lei leh hralh hi Stock chu a ni. Stock chu

Shares-ah an ]hendarh a. Shares khat Rs. 10 emaw Rs. 100 emaw ani ]hin.

Stock Market-ah chuan nitin hian Shares an leiin an hralh reng a. Tu

Company nge hmuingil a, an thil siam chhuah hralh nasa leh hlawk ber ang tih in

rin siakin an Company Share lei a hlawk ang em tih an ngaihtuah ]hin a. Hlawk

ber tura an rin Company Shares chu an lei a, an lei hnuah a hlawk leh lo dawna an

rin chuan an hralh leh ]hin a. Company dang Shares an lei leh mai ]hin. Shares

zawrhna bazar a ni mai. Shares leiah hian rinthu tel mahse dawr bungrua rinthua

lak vak ai chuan chetsual a har deuh zawk awm e. Shares leh Dibentures lei leh

hralh chungchangah hian thlai bazara in lei ang ngawt a ni lo va, ziakin fel taka

engkim chhinchhiah thlap anih avangin a fel a, a him a, a tlo zawk bawk.

Chuvangin Stock Market hi khawvela sumdawnna ropui ber a ni a, ram pumpui

economy awmze neihtirtu leh ram hrang nena pawisa inhlut hleih dan hriltu ber

a ni. India ram pawisa Rs.85 leh UK pawisa Pound 1 a intlukna chhan pawh hi

Stock Market nen a inzawm tlat a ni.

9. Brokers-ho hnathawh dan: Kan sawi tak Shares hi Stock Market-a va

kal a, thawmhnaw lei anga va lei ve ngawt chi a ni lo va. Shares lei leh hralh titu

bik an awm a, chung chu 'Brokers' an ti. Shares hi a neitu Company hnen a]anga '

direct' -a lei a nih loh chuan 'Brokers-ho' kal tlanga lei a ngai ani. Brokers-ho hi

Aizawl bazara mi thil zawrh kharchhawngtu, kawmisawn kan tih ang deuh hi an

ni Brokers-ho hi Stock Exchange-ah an in register vek a. Chutianga in register te

chauh chu hengah hian pawm an ni. Registered Broker chauh lo chu agent atan

hman loh tur a ni. Anmahni i hriat chian loh chuan Stock Ex-change Office-ah kal

la, list an lo pe mai ang che. Chutianga Brokers i thlan fel hnuah chuan anmahni

puihnain Shares i lei ang a. Brokers nen chuan thuthlung inziak ang a (MoU),

Brokers chuan a hlawkna zaa pahnih a chang ve ang. Tichuan i aiawhin i shares

lei khan a lo sumdawng dawn a ni ber mai a, inremsiamna angin a lo kalpui ang a,

nang chu in vengah i awm daih thei ang. Entirnan, Shares khat Rs.50-in lei ni ta la.

Brokers nen inremna thuthlungah chuan Shares khat Rs. 100 a din veleh a vaiin

lo hralh la, tia in inrem chuan a lo hralh ang a, a hlawkna Rs.50 chu i chang ang a,

ani hnenah 2% i pe ve dawn tihna a ni. Shares i lei fuh chuan Bank-a 5% pung tih

ang mai mai ni lovin 50% emaw, 100% emaw lai thla rei lote chhung pawhin i

hmu thei mai dawn a ni. A taktak chu sawi thei tumah an awm lo, Stock

Exchange-a thawktu pawhin an hre vek thei lo va, nitina buaipuitute erawh

chuan an ring dik thei hle tih erawhchu hriat tel a ]ha. Brokers-te hi Dalal tiin an

sawi bawk ]hin. Anni ho hi an rinawm em em a, inbum a khat hle a ni. A chhan

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

chu ziaka engkim chhinchhiah a ni a, a chhinchhiahna pawh hi Revenue Stamp

paper-ah vek tih a ni a. Legal witness pawh tel zela tih a ni a, pawisa hi Cash ni

lovin cheque an hmangin an inpe ber bawk.

10. Stock Exhange Pawimawhzia:

Stock Exhange chi hrang hrang pathum a awm a, chungte chu :

(a) City Stock Exchange

(b) National Stock Exchange (NSE)

City Stock Exhange chu Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai tih angah hian a

awm vek a, NSE erawhchu pakhat a awm a, OTCE (Over The Counter Exchange)

hi chu Internet hmanga khawvel huapa Business tihtheihna a ni thung, hetiang

chi hi Mizoram a]angin a tih chi viau mai thei. Stock Exchange hi India ramah 23 a

awm a, a lian ber leh pawimawh ber chu Mumbai Stock Exchange a ni. India

Hmar Chhak ramah chuan Guwahati-ah chauh Stock Exchange a awm. Guwahati

Stock Exchange chu tlema chip chiarin kan la sawi leh ang.

Stock Exchange chu ram pumpui hausak dan mar dehna ]ha tak a ni. Ram

chhung bakah ram pawn nen pawh a in thlun zawm tlat bawk. Pawisa hlutna

tehna ber a ni a, sapho pawisa dollar leh India pawisa Rupees in hlut hleih dan

pawh heta ]anga chhut vek hi a ni. Mimal leh pawl (Company) tupawh capital nei

lote neih tirtu ani a. Industries leh Firm din nana awlsamna siamsaktu a ni bawk.

Bank-a pawisa dah aiin a hlawk zawk thei a, tu leh fate thleng pawha chhawr

theih chi sumdawnna tlo leh changkang a ni. Chuvangin, 'Investment Market' ti

pawhin an sawi bawk ]hin. Khawvel bazar changkang ber a ni. India ram hausak

dan hre duh ila, Bombay Stock Exchange-ah lo chuan hriat har tak a ni. Tokyo leh

London Stock Market dawttu chu Bombay Stock Market a ni ]hin.

Stock Exchange tinte hian anmahni Dan an nei hrang thliah ]hin a, mahse

a tlangpuiin Company Dan (Act) 1956 te, Securities Contract (Regulation) Act te,

SEBI Act te hian aruangam tur an siam sa vek ani. Stock Exchange chu enkawltu

Governing Board emaw, Council of Management emaw ten an enkawl a, an sum

hnar ber chu Annual fee an khawn hi a ni. Stock Exchange-a member ni turin

Stock Exchange Board of India (SEBI) phalna lak a ngai. Hrechiang duh tan chuan

Stock Exchange-ah kal a, zawh fiah mai a ]ha ber.

Stock Exchange-ah hian an sumdawn dan ber chu 'Bid' an ti a, 'Officers'

an ti bawk a, thil kan lilam ang deuh hian a ngam huai huai tiin Share an inlei sak

]hin a ni. An in lan chhawng ]hin a, chu chu 'bid' an tih chu ani. Chutiang an tihna

hmun chu 'Floor' an ti mai a, hmun bik an hman ]hin hming a ni. Floor-ah hian

'Ring' chhungah an ti deuh kher ]hin bawk. Tin, floor an tih hi Trading Hall tiin an

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

ko bawk. Hetah hian Brokers te, Jobbers te leh mipui an zi mur mur ]hin a,

chutiang chu TV-ah alo lang fo ]hin.

11. Securities hrang hrang khaikhinna: A hma lama kan sawi tawh Securities

kha a khaikhin zawngin lo sawi belh leh ila, pawisa dah ]hat dan ]ha chu i hre thei

mai ang. A pung zat tarlan hi chu ahlui deuh tawh a, tunah chuan a danglam tawh

mai thei.

Securities hming Kum tina a pung zat

l) Post Office Saving A/C 5.50 %

2)Time Deposits 11 %

3)Bank Fixed Deposits 12 %

4)National Saving Schemes (NSS) 11 %

5)Convertible Dibentures - danglam reng (variable)

6)Non-Convertible Dibentures 14 %

7)Bonds of P.S.C. 13 %

A chunga Sl.No. 1-4 hi income tax awl theih a ni a, 5-7 hi chhiah pek ngai

chi an ni. A hlawk theihna lam ringawt ngaihtuah chuan Post Office leh Bank-a

sum dah aiin Stock Exchange-a Shares leh Dibentures lei hi a hlawk zawk fe thei.

Amaherawhchu i chhiarkawp ang ngawt chuan a tak tak chu a ni lem lo ]hin. Fin

leh remhriatna a tel ve a ngai. Thil tam takah, vawk vulhah pawh vanneih a ngai

ang deuh hian, tihfuh chu a awm ve tho. Shares lei fuh chuan a ]ha, lei fuh loh

chuan hlohna chu a ni ve tho. Mahse a tlangpuiin a hlawk ti ila a sual tam lo vang.

Huai taka ti ]hin (High Risk) vannei chuan an hausak phah hle a ni.

12. Shares lei dan: Shares lei turin a hmasaberah i tih tur chu Stock Exchange-ah

i aiawha lo thawktu tur 'Broker' i thlang fel ang a. Brokers Imling i hriat duh

chuan Stock Exchange-ah i zawt ang a, an hming list an lo pe mai ang che. Tin,

Shares chu i lei eng Company/Firm ta nge lei tha ang tih ngaihtuah hi a

pawimawh hmasaber a ni. Heta lei tur kawhhmuh thiam ber chu Brokers-ho an

ni. I thlan fel tawh chuan i duh zat zat Shares i lei ang a, kut kuangkuahin a

hlawkna lo thlen hun i nghak veng veng tawh mai dawn a ni.

Brokers chi hrangte: Brokers-ho zingah hian chi hnih an awm a, chungte chu:

(a) Bull (Bawngpa), (b) Bear (Savawm) an ni. Bull an tihte hian Shares chu an lei

phawt a, an hralh leh ]hin a. Bear-ho chuan an hralh a, an lei leh ]hin. Chumi

awmzia chu Shares hlutna a tlahniam dawn tih ringtu leh ringlotu an ni tihna a ni.

Shares man tlahniam dawna ringtu zawk chuan a hralh a, a dang a lei leh ]hin.

Bull-ho hi a ]hat ringtu (optimist) an ni a, Bear-ho erawhchu a that loh ringtu

(pesimist) an ni ve thung.

Shares chu i lo lei taa, i tih leh tur chu Brokers nena MoU ziak a ni. Hei hi

legal document pawimawh tak a ni. Hetianga legal document nena thiltih a nih

avang hian inbum a awm khat hle. Broker chuan i aiawhin a lo buaipui zui ang a,

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

in hun tiam azir leh thil awmdan azirin kum khat hnu emaw, a aia rei emaw, a aia

rei lo emaw pawh a ni thei, in inbiakrem dan angin a hlawkna (dividend) chu i

ngaihven ang. Bank-a kum nga chhunga a pung i hmuh tur aia tam daih kum khat

lekah i thei mai dawn a ni.

Shares hi a tlangpuiin Rs. 10 man ani a, mahse Rs.500 man aia hniam

leiin awmzia a nei lo va, cheng sing chung lamin an lei ber ]hin. Atam lam chu i

duh dan a ni mai. Tin, Shares lei hi pawisa khelh (Gambling) nen a inang lo va,

dawr bungrua lak a, tlem hlepa hralh leh ang leh Bank-a a pung awm tura dah hi

a ni mai a, a thianghlim lohna a awm lo. Shares emaw Dibentures emaw lei hi an

tih fuh chuan tu leh fa thlenga dinnghehna tur siam thei a ni. Shares chu i lei

hnuah pawh i duh hun hunah i hralh leh thei bawk.

Shares lei chungchangah hian Company/Firm a]anga direct-a lei chuan

Capital Issues an tih laia chuh ve a ngai a, dilna form hmanga dil hmasak tur a ni.

Shares khat chu Rs. 10 ni se, a lo rei hnuah Stock Market-ah chuan a hlutna a

tlahniam emaw a sang emaw a ni thei. Share hlutna a san chhoh vek vek chuan

Rs. 10 man kha Rs.500 aia sang alo ni thei a, a pung za zelah a sang em em a ni.

Capital Issues an tih lai hre tur chuan Economic Times emaw Business Times

Chanchinbu chhiar ngun a ngai ang.

13. Stock Exchange chi hrang pathum: A hma lamah khan an hming

kan sawi zeuh tawh a, tunah tlema thui deuhvin kan sawi leh ang.

(a) City Stock Exchange hi khawpui lianah chuan a awm deuh zel

avangin India ramah hian tam tak a tawh a, Guwahati-ah pawh a awm. A lian ber

chu Bombay-ah a awm.

(b) OTCEI (Over the Counter Exchange in India) hi Computer hmanga

Internet kaltlanga sumdawnna a ni a, Mizoram a]ang pawhin a tih theih. An

hnathawh dan a changkang hle a. Electronic khawl hmangin ram pumpui Price

List leh Company hrang hrang ningkhawng an inhrilh kual reng a, hmun pakhata

ti bik lovin Electronic hmangin hna an thawk a, a rangin a remchang em em a ni.

Stock Exchange dang ang lovin Trading Hall bik pawh a awm chuang lova.

Computer hmanga mahni bedroom a]anga sum dawn theihna a ni.

(c)NSE (National Stock Exchange) hi India ramah pakhat a awm a. NSE

hi June 1994-ah khan an ding ]an a, a ]anpuitute chu IDBI, IFCI, LIC leh SBI te an

ni. Hei phei hi chu khawvel puma ram changkang deuhte tihdan pawh el pha ve

tura ruahman a ni.

14. Guwahati Stock Exchange: India Hmar chhaka awmte tan chuan

kan hnaih ber a ni bawka tlema chipchiar deuhvin , han sawi ila. Guwahati Stock

Exchange (GSE) hi 29-11-1983 khan a ding ]an a. India rama Stock Exchange 13-

na a ni a, a ]hang duang ber pawl a ni. Ministry of Finance, Stock Exchang

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

Division, Government of India pawhin a pawm ve zingah a tel a. Kum li emaw lek

chhungin a ]hang duang hman hle a. Company 120 lai an tel nghal a, member 200

vel an awm a, Paid-up Capital pawh Cheng vaibelchhe li a tling nghal a ni.

Nitinaan trading Hall-a an sum deh chet pawh a thahnem ve hle a ni.

GSE hian Teleprinter hmangin hna a thawk a, chuvangin Stock Exchange

dang chanchin zawng zawng englai pawhin a thar lam ber a hrilh thei reng a ni.

Chutiang chuan Quotation pawh a hriat theih reng bawk. Guwahati Stock

Exchange-ah hian Clearing Schedule hetiang hi a ni.

Monday- Friday - Trading

Tuesday - Delivery

Friday - Pay/Pay out

Settlement period - Minimun-6 days, Max. 11 days

15. Quotation chhiar dan. Nitin chanchinbu Telegraph, Times of India

leh a dangte-ah hian Stock Market Quotation an tarlang ]hin a, a awmzia i hriat

theih nan a hnuaia mi hi entima chu a ni:-

Quotation: (100) XYZ Ltd. (145.5), 132,136-50,130

Heta Quotation awmzia chu Bracket chhunga number 100 awm hian a

entir chu Paid-up value a ni a. Share pakhat atan zel a entir a. Number 132 khi

eng ni ber emawa a ]anna zat entirna a ni a, cheng za man kha 132 akai tihna ani.

Number 136-50, 130 tihte hian a entir chu ni danga a rate hrang hrang kha a ni

thung a, 130 hian a kharna zat a entir bawk. Tin, XYZ LID hi chu Company hming

a ni. Stock Exchange leh Stock Market i hriat zau duh chuan heng chanchinbute hi

chhiar ]hin ang che:

Nitin Chanchinbu:

l) Financial Express

2) Economic Times

3) Business Standard

Magazine:

l) Fortune India 2) Business India

3) Business World 4) Investment Today

5) Investment India 6) Capital Market

7) Dalal Street 8) India Today

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

PERFORMANCE AND YIELD OF HYBRID VARIETY OF PADDY (KRH-II)

AT CROP DEMONSTRATION FARM, ZAWLPUI SERCHHIP

R Lalnunzira, B. Sc. (Agri.)

& K.Laltlanmawia M.Sc. (Agri)

DAO's Office, Serchhip.

THUHMA: Kum 2006 kumtir lam khan Agriculture Crop Demonstration

Farm, Zawlpui (Serchhip) ah Buh chi thar (KRH-II) enchhinna neih a ni a, he Crop

Demonstration Farm, Zawlpui hi Serchhip a]angin 3 kms. vel a hla a ni a, a hmun

san zawng hi 550- mts. MSL a ni. Kumin a Buh chi thar enchhinna (experimental

trial) kan neih lai hian ruah tui ]iak dan chu 2000-2200 mm vel a ni a,

temperature hi 28

C to 34

C te a ni tlangpui a. Relative Humidity (RH) pawh

57.43 to 72.00 a ni.

BUH CHI KUI(NURSERY RAISING) : Buh chi kuina (Nursery) hi uluk tak

leh dip ]ha taka lehphut leh buatsaih a ni a, KRH-II hi 11th July 2006 ah kui a ni.

Buh chi hi 1 Ha. (2½ tins) hmun atana phunsawn leh 40- 45 kgs. ang zel a

ruahman a kui a ni.

BUH CHINNA LEILUNG (FIELD PREPARATION): Buh chi phun na tur

leilung hi Tractor hmangin uluk taka lehphut vek a ni a, Buh Phun sawn hma ni

10 velah vawi 3 vel lehchhuah vek a ni a, hetih rual hian bial tlang ]ha lo te pawh

siam ]hat a, tui tling thei ngei tur a siam a ni.

Lei let bial chhuat te hi inzawl (level) ]ha taka siam ani a, tui lakluh

hmain a rual thei ang bera hrut mam vek a ni. Tichuan tui dah luh hnuah pawh

uluk taka tui tling chunga daikawi vek a ni.

LEITHA PEK (MANURING) : Buhphunhma thlakhat vel ah Chinai thi

(Slaked lime) phul a, lehhnan vek a ni a, tin, hemi bakah hian Organic lei] ha chi

hrang hrang - Vikash Organic Manure, Vermi Compost leh Neem Cake te pawh

KRH-II phunna tur lei let ah te hian pek chhuah vek a ni. Tin, Buh peng insiam

]antir leh a par laiin (Ni 25-30 vel) ah leh Buh vuih ]antirh lai (ni 55-65) velah

pawh heng Organic lei]ha te hi pek chhuah/phul leh vek ani.

PHUN SAWN (TRANSPLANTING): KRH- II Phun sawn dawn hma hian a

daikawi laia tui tling te chu sah kam a ni a, tichuan phun a] anga ni 3 na-ah tui dah

luh leh a ni. KRH-II - hi kung (zai) 2 emaw 3 emaw vel zelin bi khatah phun a ni a,

a bi inkar hlat zawng pawh hi 20cm x 10cm vel danah dah ani. Buh hi kui a]anga

ni 26 na (7-7-06) ah phunsawn a ni. Tin, KRH-II te phunsawm rual hian a

hnah/kung ler lam hmun thuma ]hen hmun khat (

rd ) velah tanchhum a ni a,

hei hi Leaf Folder leh Leaf Roller te laka venna tura tih a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

A KARAWL HNAWHKHAH (GAP FILLING): Buh kung thi leh

rannung/natna te avanga hmun awl leh ruak te hi uluk taka enchhuah a ni a, heng

awlah te hian KRH-II te hi kar khat hnuah phun chhuah leh vek a ni.

NATNA LEH RANNUNG EICHHETU TE (PEST & DISEASES) : Natna

lakah an him hle a, hmun ]henkhatah chuan False Smut (Claviceps oryzae) leh

Blast (Pyricularia oryzae) te hmuh a ni a, hei hi KRH-II buh phunna leilet siam

thar leh bial finna ah te hmuh a ni tlangpui. Tin, rannung bikah chuan Khau

(Grasshopper) leh Thlangdar(Rice Bug) te hmuh a ni, amaherawhchu, thlai

eichhe tham lutuk a awm lo va, hei hi Aug - Oct. thla ah te a ni ber a. Stem Borer,

Leaf Folder leh Leaf Roller te hi hmuh an ni lo.

TUI PEK CHUNGCHANG (IRRIGATION) :

Kum 2006 ah hian KRH-II chinna, Zawlpuiah hian ruah a sur ]ha a,

chuvangin tui pek chungchangah hian engmah harsatna a awm lo a ni.

A SENG (HARVESTING) :

KRH-II hi 6th Nov. 2006, chu chu a kui a]anga ni 119 na-ah seng a ni a, a

seng hma kar khat velah tui tling te chu sah kang vek a ni a, tichuan uluk taka

seng khawm te chu chil/ vuak (threshing) a ni.

A THAR UI,AWK DAN ENCHHINNA (CROP CUTTING EXPERIMENT):

KRH-II hi Buh chi thar a ni a, a thar hlawk dan hetiang hian enchhinna

neih a ni.

KRH-II chinna leilet bial hrang hrang a]angin hmun 5 velah 5m x 5m

chhunga buh vui te chu uluk tak a sengin, a hrang a dahkhawm a, uluk taka a thar

zat buk chhuah leh vek a ni a, heng a]ang te hian a tlangpui a a thar dan hetiang

hian chhut chhuah a ni.

Date of CCE conducted = 26th Oct. 2006

Area of CCE = 5mx5m 25m

Average Yield of Crop = 14.125 Kgs. per 25m

Therefore, Yield of Crop = 5660 Kg/ Ha. or 56.60 qtl./ Ha.

A TLANGKAWMNA (CONCLUSION) :

KRH-II hi Buh chi thar hlawk leh thar rang a ni a, natna leh eichhetu

rannung lakah an him hle tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Tin, vuak/chil fai a awlsam hle a,

a vui leh rah te pawh hi a ]ha in arualkhai hle bawk ani. Kum 2007 a Mautam lo

thleng turah hian heng Zawlpui leh a chhehvel a leilet neitu te pawhin chin uar an

tum hle a, tui awm ]hatna leh phun hma theih zawknaah phei chuan hma zawkin

a thar theih dawn a, hei hi loneitu tam tak tan chuan chhenfakawm tak niin a

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

lang. Tin, Buh thar hlawk dang aiin a tui zawk a, chuvangin chin uar zel atan a

duhawm hle a ni.

TLANGRAM LONEIH KAN THAN - MAWH BAWK

SERIES 1

Kum 50 kalta ah kha chuan Mizorama motor awm zat chu chhiar tham

lek a ni a. A neitu hming nen lam hriat vek an ni ]hin a. Tunah chuan chhiar sen

loh an ni ta hial mai. Kan tleirawl ho ti ti ah chuan electronic Gadgets - C.D, MP3,

Digital Camera tih angreng a ni a, kan ti ti thawm ngaihthlak ngawt chuan "Space

age, van thereng lamah kan suangtuahna a awm tawh a ni." kan ti thei tawh awm

e. Amaherawhchu, hetiang kan ni chung hian Agriculture lamah vethung erawh

chuan hma kan sawn lo hle mai thung. He Khawvel a, Loneih dan azawnga chhe

ber mai, Jhum cultivation (Tlangram lo neih) kan la kengkawh tiat mai hi thil mak

a ni in, tu in nge mawh phur ber ang? tih hi ngaihtuah tham a awm a ni. A chhan

ni awm berah chuan rambuai kan nih thleng khan mihring kan la thawlin lovah

turah kan buai lova, kan thlawhhma lak dan thiam chhun a lo ni in, kham khawp

kan la thar thei si a. Zosap hote pawh khan min fuihin Agriculture lama mithiam

taka min chherchhuah tum mahse, a ]ulna kan hre lova, ala ]angkai dawn tih kan

suangtuah pha lova, kan ngaihven bawk lo. Kan Kristianna leh khawtlang nun kha

kan thlawhhma lak nen a in zawm a. Kan hla thu phuah chhuah a]angin kha

tlangram loneih in kan rilru a luah khah zia kan hria. Tlema hawiher sang deuh

leh ngaihtuahna lo hmang deuh te chuan hetiang hian hlain an chham chhuaka.

"Lal loh kawr (Hnathawh kawr) kan ha-e zing]ianah, Kawltu chawia ni chhuak

chhiar reng mai zawng, ka nu B.A. kai a har awm e"an ti a. Hengho pawh hian

kawng ]ha zawk zawh tur an hria pawh a ni chuang lo. Chutah pa pakhat

ngaihtuahna kal vel, ahna thawh hah leh khawtlang lunglen in tawk khawm den

chhenin, hetiang hian hla a han phuah ta a. " Ka thlawhlai pangpui chu fam lul

suh, ka bel nang che van zawl ni dul loh changin, Va tinreng an lawina thuam liai

luai" tiin a chham chhuak a. Tu pawi mah a sawi love. Chutah val lungleng an a

duh ang a lungdum hmu zing thei lo, ram]uan a ]ul miau si avanga, an hun laia

W/ T awm chhun "In chhawlthuai" hmanga a biak ]hin chu hlaah hetiang hian a

chhamchhuak leh ta bawka. "Fanghma tuaitir te a chhawl min thuai, changlo

mahse a chi ah dah ka nuam e, vanneih thil thuah a to mahna" a rawn ti chhuak

veleh ta hnep mai. Kan kristian hla tam takah pawh kan thlawhhma lak dan nena

khaikhin hla hmuh tur a awm nual mai. He lam hawi chu sawi tur tam tak la awm

mahse, kawng dangah lo hersan tawh zawk i la.

Engvanginnge tlangram loneih chu thil ]haloah dah a lo ngaih tak mai ?

Hetiang taka kan khawtlang nun luahtu leh mitin ngainat ni si hi hnawmhnea

chantir a ngaih tak mai ?

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

Sap ho hi ]awngah an hausa deuha chuvangin an ]awng i han hawh lawk

teh ang. Sap hovin Sustainable Agriculture an tih hian, thlawhhma lak

(Agriculture) lam hawia hmalakna thil reng reng ah, ]hang lo thar zelah pawh

chhawmnun tlak, a ram leh a mi chengte tan pawh tuchhuan thlenga chhawmnun

tlak leh in rochun chhoh theih ang zel sawi nan an hmang a ni a. Chung zingah

chuan tlangram loneih hi a tel ve lo. Chuvangin, a sap]awng takin, Tlangram lo

neih (Shifting Cultivation) hi Sustainable Agriculture a ni ve lo anih chu.

A THATNALAM: "Misualte pawh hi, ni ]halo atan" tia Bible in min hrilh ang in, "a

ni tak a, Tlangram lo neih pawh hi mimawlte tan" kan ti thei ang. Thil ]ha leh

]halo kan tehna pawh hi, ]hatna nei tlem a piang leh ]hatlohna nei tam apiang hi

']halo' kan ti ani ber mai a. Tlangram lo neih pawh hi ]halo mahse ]hatna mual

sawi tur a awm ve tho mai.

A ]hat ve na em em sawi tur ka hriat te chu :-

(1) Bible in "engpawh mei kaltlang tawh chu a thianghlim a ni " tih thu

min hrilh angin, kan thlawhhma lakna hmun hi kan hal ]hin avangin

leithianghlimah kan thlai kan chinga. Leilunga rannung leh hrik awmte kan hal

hlum vek avangin thlai ei chhe tu an awm lova, eichhetu lakah kan thlai a him.

(2) Vah chap kang al hote hi thlai ten an mamawh em em Potash an nih

avangin "kan lovah a kan ]hat leh kan thlai a ]ha," kan tihna chhan pawh hi hei

vang hi a ni a. Tawn sabawp hmanga leichi kan siam chhuah theihna hian

vanneihna min siamsak ve a ni.

(3) Kan thlai duh ang zawng zawng kan ching theia, a tui chi kan tih hote

chinna a nih avangin an tui bik hle a ni.

(4) Thlai leh buhkan chin hote hi hunbi nei taka thlak an ni a. Pi leh pu

a]anga kan lo chin ]han a nih avangin ]awngkama in hian chhawng chho velin

hlawhtling takin thlai kan ching chho ]hin a ni- a seng khawm leh dah ]hat

thlengin.

(5), Pi leh pu a]anga kan lo chin ]han a ni a. Thingtlang pa mawl ber tan

pawh zir hranpa ngai lova kan thiamsa a nih avangin mitinin kan thawk thei vek

a ni.

A THATLOHNA LAM VE THUNG: A ]hatna lam sawi tur a awm mang loh Iaiin, a

]hatlohna lam ve thung erawh chu sawi tur a tam hle thung mai le. I han sawi

dawn teh ang.

(1) Kum tina hma thar lak ziah mai hian tha leh zung kan paih thlawn

nasa hle a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

(2) Thing leh mau kan kit chereu nasat in ram a bua duh a. Thing leh mau

leh ram hmul chi hrang hrang kum tin kan paih bo ]hin tihna a ni.

(3) Kum tin ramngaw kan ti kang vak vak ]hin a. Damdawi siam theihna

thing leh ramhmul kan suat nasa in kan ro hlu tak tak, thing leh mau kan suat

nasa lutuk.

4) Chung leng savate chenna hmun, hlei-mualrang leh hlei- kapsen te

tualchaina hmun kan ti chhia a, Sazuk, Sakhi, Zawng, Sapui leh nungcha tinreng

tualchaina kan tih chhiat saka, an chaw tur nen lam kan suasam sak avangin kum

tin an tlem tual tual ]hin a ni.

(5) Tlang awihpang hi kan thlawhhma lakna a nih miau avangin kan hal

faia kan thlofai reng bawk si nen, lei chunglang hang ]ha awm chhun te chu fur

ruahsurin min len thlak saka. ICAR Research 1987 a]anga hmuhchhuah danin

Ram hectare khat (10,000Sqm) (tin 2

hmun tiat) a]ang hian kum tin lei Chung

lang hang ]ha 28 qts hi a luang ral ziah a nih chu. Aizawl pa Concrete inchung

zawlah han chhung sawn ila, thlai han ching mai se, hmuhnawm thamin an siam

mai dawn a ni tih ka suangtuahna mitthlaah a rawnlanga, ka ui lutuk.

(6) Kham awihpang bakbahai tak hmun, thingbul leh mau bul ]anchhana

inhamtang chho ]hin kan nih avangin, kan buh tuh pawh a remchang apiangah

zing tak leh khat tak takah, bithliah fel tak leh tlar mumal awm miah lova buh tuh

]hin kan nih avangin, kan buh kung tam lam (Population) hi a ram zau lam

tehkhawnga hmangin, a tlem em em ]hin a. Kan thasen leh buh kan thar chhuah

hi a in phu tawk lo lutuka tha thlawn kan seng ]euh ]hin.

(7) Buh karah thlai dang kan ching vak ]hina, chumi mai bakah kan hlo

chhehkhawmna hian hmun zau tak min lak saka. A ram pumpuia za-a sawm

(10%) lai ram a la hek ve thei a ni. Hetianga mumallo taka thlai chi thlak leh ]ulna

awm lova hmunhma riral ]euh hi thil pawi tak a ni a. Hmunngheta thlawhhma

laknaah phei chuan sumtlang ti hektu a tling thei a ni. Tunlai thiamna a]ang phei

chuan a sap]awng takin 'Sin’ (Pianpui Sual) Sualna nasa tak a tling phak a ni.

(8) Hunbi nei taka thlai chin anih avang hian tlai palh leh hma lutuk a

awm theih avangin, kan lo chin ]hin loh chu a chin theih lova. Hlawhchham thei

dinhmunah kan awm reng ]hin. Thlai chihrang hrang mumal lo taka ching ]hin

kan nih avangin sumchangthlai atana ruahman a theih lova, chhungkaw ei bo bar

leh ]henawm khawvengte hleh tur mai bak chu tih tham a thar theih loh avangin

a ram zau ang huin tharchhuah a tlem em em a. Buh lah a thar tlai chi a ni

tlangpui si a. Kumkhata kan fehchhuah ni hian kan hlawh a chhe em em mai a

mizo pa in Pakla hisap kan tih ve mai, anga chhut phei chuan nikhatah Cheng

sawmhnih a]anga sawmhnih panga vel chauhin pa chekngel deuh phei chuan an

chhut chhuak a ni. Hei hian nghawng ]halo deuh mai a nei a, buh ching lovin

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

eichawp thlai chin a hlawk zawk tih hriain, buh ching duh a ram kan awm ta lo a

ni. Hei hi thil pawi tak ani.

(9) Kumkhat atan chauha hmalakna tur hmun a ni tih kan hriat avangin

kumhlun chi kan ching ngai lova, chuvangin kum tina kan chin ]hin chauhlo chu

chin en ah kan en loh avangin, thlai chi thar hmelhriat thar kan nei vang hle a ni.

( 10) Kan thasen ang hu tawk hlawh kan hmu pha lovin, kum tluanin

chang dang kan kan thei bawk lova. Hei hian chhungkaw changkanna lamah min

pawh beh reng avangin chhunzawm zel tlak a ni lo.

( 11 ) Thlawhhma lakna hi kum tin ram tha zuan zel an nih avangin, a

hlat zawngah thudik a sawi theih lohva. A hlat ]um chuan KM 7-8 lai pawh a ni

thei. KM 1 (Khat) lek pawh a ni thei bawk. A ram a ]hat miau chuan a hlat

zawngah duh a thlan theih ngawt si loh. A hlat vang ngawtin tuman an hnawl thei

bawk si lo. A hlat viau kumah chuan hnathawhna hun ]ha a neih tam theih lohva.

Chhungkaw bawrhsawm kum nen phei chuan a in rem ve thlawt lo. Chhungkaw

bawrhsawm vanga hlamchhiah leh pawh a awm nual ]hin reng a ni.

Heng ka rawn tarlan loh pawh hi sawi tur a la tam mai. Serial No. II

lamah kan la tarlang chhunzawm zel ang.

I HNAWL (HLUIHLAWN) NGAM ANG U :

Zofa ten heti tak maia thlawhhma lak kan hlamchhiah mai hi ka

suangtuahnaah a rawn lut leh zauh ]hin a. (He ta hlamchhiah ka tih hi kum 50

hma lama mihring tam lam a]anga chhutin leh tun dinhmuna mihring tam lam

chhuta, thlawhhma kan lak dan ka sawina a ni.)Ka suangtuahna ah a luh thuk lai

phei chuan kan naupan laite ka chhui kir leh a. Thian ]henkhatte hlo la thlo chhin

lo leh la feh ngailo te intithei taka min chapo khum lai te ka ngaihtuah let a. Kan

zosapte pawh khan, a ]hat loh zia hre reng si a kawng dang min dap puilo leh min

kawhhmuh tum miahlo ah zirna kan ngaihsan zia - zirna chu Lal]hutthlenga kan

]hut theihna kawng hnai ber. Vaihmite leh Thosi seh pumpelhna, Vangvat zuk leh

ruah thimpui min pumpelh tir theitu, len deng lova Sangha man theihna anih zia

kan sawi ]hin kha a ni a. Ka ngaihtuahna a dingin zirna lam uar viau si,

Agriculture lam hawi zirna kan lo nei miah bawk silohte ka ngaihtuah lai chuan

rual u zawk te demna ka nei lian hle a. Zirna kan uar lutuk kan tuarta niah ka ngai

ber a.

Chuti lama hawia suangtuahna ka hman lai chuan,ka suangtuahna zawng

zawng, dik ni ngeia ka hriat, zirna kan uar lutuk chu Agriculture a kan hnufualna

chhan a ni miahlo mai tih ka hrachhuak ta thut mai a. Chu ka thu hriatchhuah tak

chu hei hi a ni. Amah ngei ”Tlangram loneih (Jhuming or Shifting Cultivation) ngei

mai hi a lo ]hat loh em avangin kan lo hlamchhiahin, kan lo tlan san chum chum

mai a lo ni zawk. Kan tlan chhiatsan chum chum na chhan, a ]hatlohna zia

thuahhnihna i lo tarlang leh teh ang hmiang.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

l) Kumtina tharthawh a ngai ziah a. Lovah, Lohal, Mangkhawh, Hnuhpui, Hnuhlak

Pawhchhiat, Buh seng ... Kum tin Aw Lalpa a ngai bawk ani a. Mangkhawh lahin

hmel]hat a har si, losul haw hun alo thlenin bialnu/bialpa hmuh a hlauhamna, mi

pangai tan lah zah tuar chak a ngai a, nula tan mikhual tlangval tawn palh a

hlauhawm si. Kawtchhuahah uiin, min lo bauh ang tih a hlauhawm bawk. In

thlenin inbualna tur tui a lo awm loh phei chuan thinur thlak tak a ni.

2) Buh thar hnem ka duh leh thlawhhma zauh angai a, kum khat atan chauh ka

ram a ni dawn tih ka hre sa vek a, kum lo thar leh tura thar tam ka tum zel phei

chuan tactic (hmarel) pangai bawk ka hmang dawn tih ka hresa reng mai si a. Tu

fa teh lul hian nge chawlhsan chaklo awm ang i le.'? Mahni ram bi (huan nghet)

nise chuan lovah leh mangkhawh ka pumpelh dawn si a. Sawi thui ngai lovin kan

hrethiam mai in ka ring.

3) Ka thlai ]hat dan tur ka hre lawk vek mai a. Ka thlai chin leh thar hote hralh ve

bawk mah ila, ka lei chhuah zat tur ka chhut lawk thei vek a. Ka seng tawh hote

hmun ruakah thlai dang a chin theih tih hre mah ila, buh ka seng bak chu ka ta a

nih dawn tawh loh avangin hmalak tumna ka nei lova,engmah tak tak thawk

lovin,pawltlak nghakin ka tei hawi vel mai mai ta ]hin a ni.

Hetiang tak maia mumallo leh kumtin athara thlohpui rorel anga awm

reng mai hi a thlamuan thlak lohva, innghahna tlak anih loh zia kan hriat chian

em avangin tlanchhiatsan thuai thuai kan nghakhlel em em a lo ni zawk. Heng

zawng zawng avang hian sorkar hna hniam zawkah pawh mumal taka sum

(hlawh) hmuhna a nih avangin kan bawh ruih ruih mai a nih hi. Chuvangin,

tlangram loneih dan turah kawng ]ha zawk dapin, Zadeng tlawm tur angin in

hmukhawm zing dup mah ila, kawng ]ha zawk dap chhuah tur awm chuang

miahlo anih avangin tih tawp vat nisela, chu chu kan ram kan hnam damna tura

rahbi pawimawh ber te zing ami a ni ang. Ka duh dan tak phei chuan Sorkar hian

a khapin ‘KHAP BUR' mai se ka duh ber mai. Nangpawhin i duh ber a ni ve thuaiin

ka ring tlat bawk a ni.

Series - II ah kan sawi chhun zawm leh dawn nia.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

HLAWK ZAWKA FUR THLAI CHIN DAN

R Zoramthanga

Asst.Agril. Information Officer

Directorate of Agriculture Aizawl, Mizoram

Hlawk zawk a Fur thlai chin dan tih i lo sawi teh ang. He thupui hi a

subject a zau avangin sawi tur a tam thei hle awm e. Amaherawhchu, a vaiin kan

sawi vek hman dawn lova Mizoram a loneitu ten kan hriattur ]ul zual chauh kan

sawi dawn ani.

Thlai te hi kum khatah hian a chin hun chi hnih in a then theih a; Thlasik

(Thal) laia chin chi thlai leh Fur (Nipui) laia chin chi thlai te an ni a. Thlasik (Thal)

thlai te chu a tlangpuiin Tomato, French Bean Zikhlum (Cabbage), Parbawr

(Cauliflower), Bulbawk (KnolKhol) Buluih (Radish). Buleng (Carrot), Parhlawm

(Broccolli), Alu (Potato), Motor chana (Field Pea), Badam(Groundnut), Dailuah

(Lentil), Vaimim (Maize), Bawkbawn (Brinjal), Purunnvar (Garlic), Purunsen

(Onion) leh a dang te an ni a. Fur (Nipui) thlai te chu a tlangpui in – Buh

(Rice/Paddy): Vaimim, Wheat, Mai, Fanghma, Berul, Um-ei, Awmpawng.

Changkha, Hmazil. Dawnfawh, Bawrhsaiabe, Bal, Behlawi, Chhawhchhi, Bekang,

Behliang, Sawhthing, Aieng. Pangbal, Hmarcha leh a dangte an ni.

1) THLAI VEN HIMNA (PLANT PROTECTION) HMANG A FUR LAIA THLAI

CHIN HLAWK DAN:

Kan thlai chin, a rah leh a natna, a ti chhe theitu lak a damdawi hmanga

humhimna/ hrik suat dan hi 'Plant Protection Chemicals' a ni a. Rannung te hian

thlai te hi chaw atan emaw, awmna leh chenna atan emaw, in thlahpunna atan

emaw an hmang thin a, chuvang chuan kan thlai te hi thlai venna hmanga suat a

enkawl a ngai a ni. Thlai ral te hi Rannung te leh hnim (hlobet) chi te a then an ni

a. Rannung chi te chu : Mammals ( Sazu, Zawng etc.) te, sava chi hote, Anthopods

(khau, pangngang etc.) te. Helminthes (thilnung te tak te te, mit a Imnuh theih

loh) te entirnan - Bacteria, Fungi, Virus etc. te anni.

Thlai hrik suatna pawimawh tak mai hi hetiang hian then darh a ni a :

a) Physical Control: Hei hi mihring in kut hmangin emaw, len hmangin emaw,

thang chi hrang hrang hmangin emaw natna vei lai leh thlai hrikin a bawm hi

thlai peng/zar paih emaw natna venhim hi a ni.

b) Chemical Control: Hei hi damdawi chi hrang hrang (Plant Protection

Chemicals) hmanga thlai hrik te suat a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

c) Cultural Control: Thlai hrikte ti hlum tur leh thlai hrik ten thlai an khawih

theih lohna tura kan lo/huan neih dan hmang tih danglam a ni e.g Thlai chin

thlak, thuk taka lei laih phut, thlai chi natna do thei leh thlai hrik tena an

khawih/ei theih loh hman lehthil dangte ani.

d) Biological Control: Thlai ral engpawh. rannung emaw hnim (hlobet) leh

ramsa te an mahni ral hmanga kan tih bo hi a ni. e.g Sazu suat nan Tur te kan

hmang ang te, Tunlai a Agriculture Department in rannung thlai eichhetu suat tu

tur (Trichogramma japonicum) a siam chhuah hmanga, Buh leh thlai thar tam ta

ang chi te hi a ni.

e) Legislative Control: Hei hi dan siam hmang a thlai natna kan dona hi a ni a.

Thlai chi emaw, a peng ang pawh natna a put darh veng tura hmun danga lak

sawn phal lohna dan te hi a ni.

f) Integrated Control: Hei hi chuan a chunga kan sawi te hi a huam vek a ni.

Heng kan sawi tak ah te hian damdawi (Plant Protection Chemicals)

hman hi a lar ber leh a tangkai ber a ni. Plant Protection Chemicals hi thlaiah

natna a lo lanin emaw, thlai hrik ten thlai an eiin emaw hman a ni thin a. Tin,

natna veng turin natna lan hma pawhin hman ani bawk thin. Kan damdawi hman

him leh thlai natna leh thlai hrik lo Ian him inmil hi a pawimawh em em a ni.

Damdawi(Plant Protection Chemicals) hmanga thlai hrik suat dan hi

sawitur tam tak a awm ani tih kan sawi tawh kha. Tun hunah hian tam tak sawi

hman a nih dawn loh avangin Mizoram thlai lar ber - Buh enkawl dan chauh lo

sawi ila: Buh hi a eichhe thei natna chi 12 a awm a, a tichhe thei rannung suat dan

nen insawi teh ang.

1) Stem borer: Pangngang in buhkung a eiin, a khera, buh zikno a lo vuai a, a thi

mai thin.

A suat dan :

(a) Buh lak zawhah leilet phutin buhbul lei a mi te tih bo tur.

(b) Nursery ah leh a phunsawn atanga kar 6-8 ah 0.025 Methyl hmanga kah tur.

2) Gall fly or Midge: Pangngang angin buh kung, a tona bul lei depah eiin a

tichhe thin a, buhkung a lo sawrbawk a hnah a bawl thin.

A suatdan :

(a) Rannung te man khawm tur.

(b) Phunsawn laiin buh tiak te chu chlorpyriphos a chiah tur a ni a.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

3) Swarming Caterpiller : Phengphehlep dumpawl lian tak a ni a, a uite

pangngang tana tul tam takin buh an ei thin a, July-August hi a tam duh him a ni.

A enkawl dan : Endosulphan/Nuvan/ Nuvacron@20-25kgs/Ha. kah tur ani.

4) Rice Hispa : Rannung dumpawl, sei deuh leh kawr khauh tak nei a ni a, a

puitling leh a pangngangin buh an ei thin a, buh kung leh hnah alo sambawk thin.

A suat dan : Endosulphan/Nuvan/Nuvacron kah tur.

5) Rice Gandhi or Gandhi Bug : Rannung hring lampang ani a, buhvui a hrin

laiin a tui a tlan thin. A suat dan : Endosulphan/Nuvan/Nuvacron a kah tur.

6) Phadka Grass : Buh hnah leh buhvui a ei thin. A suat dan : Nuvan/Nuvacron a

kah tur.

7) Rice Case Worm: Pangngang hring ten a hnah eiin an ti chhum a, an hnah tih

chhum hnuai lamah an awn nan bawm (case) an siam thin. Heng an bawm siam

hi hnahah a in khai thin. A suat dan : Nuvan/Nuvacron a kah tur.

8) Thrips: Rannung te reuh te te ten hnah no khawrin an hnah chhungah an awm

thin. A suat dan: Nuvan/Nuvacron a kah tur.

9) Brown Plant Hopper : Buh kuang leh a hnah eiin a tui an hip thin a, buh lak

hunah buh kuang a kang angin a lo awm thin. A suat dan : Carbofuran emaw

phorate emaw theh tur.

10) Nematode : Thilnung te reuh te te, mit lawng a hmuh theih loh, enlenna

chauhva hmuh theih ani.

A suat dan : Nemagon hman tur.

11) Paddy Blast: Buh hnah a lo vuaiin, buh kung a, a chängah a lo dum a,

awlsamte in a tliak mai thin.

A suat dan :

a) Natna do thei buh chin tur.

b) Vawi 3-4 Bordeaux Mixture hmanga kah tur.

c) Nitrogen pek tam lutuk loh tur.

12) Foot-rot : Natna in a khawih buh chu a lo ria in alo eng thin.

A suat dan :

l) Buhkung te halral tur.

2) Tui lak leh tui paihna mumal taka siam tur.

3) Leitha buh in a mamawh aia tam pek loh tur.

4) Natna do thei buh chi chin tur.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

2. DAMDAWI (WEEDICIDE) HMANG A HLO THLAWH A, HLAWK ZAWKA FUR

THLAI ENKAWL DAN:

Agricul ture lama mithiam ten an chhut danin, kumtina Agriculture a kan

buh leh bal dehchhuah tichhetu leh dip ral tu chi hrang hrang laka kan hloh zat za

zela chhutin hetiang hi ani a;

l) Hnim (Weeds) atangin -45%

2) Rannung (Insects) atangin -30%

3) Natna (diseases) atangin -20%

4) Zuva dangte atangin -5%

Heta tanga han en hian hnim vanga hloh a tam ber a, hloh zawng zawng

zatve deuh thaw hial a ni. Damdawi hmanga hlo thlawh a. Fur thlai venna enkawl

na hmanrua (Weedicides) kan thlai te a lo hrisel zawk theih na tur leh a thar a lo

hlawk zawk theih na turin kan hriat tlan a tul in ka ring a, chungte Chu:

A timing A hman hun

1 ) Atrazine Thlai/Hnim tiah hma

2) Benthiocarb Thlai/Hnim tiah hma

3) Butachlor/Matache Thlai/Hnim tiah hma/hnu

4) Dalopan Thlai/Hnim tiah hnu

5) Fluchloralin Thlai/Hnim tiah hma

6) Glyphosate (Glycel) Thlai Hnim tiah hnu

7) Isoproturon Thla Hnim tiah hnu

8) MCPA Thlai hnim tiah hnu

9) Methabenze Thiazuron Thlai/Hnim tiah hma/hnu

10) Metoxuron Thlai/Hnim tiah hma leh hnu

I l) MSMA Thlai/Hnim tiah hnu

12) Nitrofen Thlai/Hnim tiah hma

13) Pendemethalin Thlai/Hnim tiah hma

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

14) Propanil Thlai/Hnim tiah hnu

1 5) Simazine Thlai/Hnim tiah hma

16) TCA Thlai/Hnim tiah hma

17) Triallate Thlai/Hnim tiah hma

18) 2,4-D Thlai/Hnim tiah hnu

Heng hlo thlawhna damdawi (weedicides) kan sawi te hi Mizoramah a

vaiin kan hmu thei rih lova. Mizoram a kan lakchhuah kan hmanna tur te chu

hetiang hi a ni a.

Hnim thahna hlo (Weedicides):

1) 2,4-D: Hei hi hnahbial lian chi (Broad leaf) e.g Buar, Tlangsam leh a dangte a

hman chi a ni a, Buh, Vaimim, Parbawr, Badam, Fu, Serthlum, Balhla, Lakhuihthei

etc chinna hmunah hman tur a ni.

2) Glyphosate (Glycel) : Hei hi hnahsawl sei chi — Di leh a dang atan a hman tur

a ni. Fu huanah te, Alu hmunah te, Serthlum hmunahte, Balhla hmunahte,

Lakhuihthei hmunah te, Coffee leh Thingpui hmunah te hman tur ani.

3) Dalopan : Hei hi Glyphosate nen a hman dan a thuhmun a. La hmunah te, Fu

hmunahte, Alu hmunahte, Motor Chana hmunahte, Serthlum hmunahte, Balhla

hmunahte, Lakhuihthei hmunahte leh Coffee hmunahte hman tur a ni.

Heng damdawi (Weedicide) te hi khawthatni a hman tur a ni a, ruahsur

ni/ khawchhiat ni chuan hman hauh loh tur a ni.

Kan sawi tawh angin, kan thlai tan hnim (hlobet) kan thlawhfai sak tawk

loh avang hian kan thlai thar te hi a tlem phah em em mai a. Buh leh Bal leh thlai

te kan lo thar tam zawk theihna turin kan huan/lo te fai takin kan thlo tur ani a,

mihring tha ngawt a kan huan leh lo te enkawl fai a hautak em avangin,

hnim(hlobet) thahna damdawi (Weedicides) hi hmang uar zel ila. Pawisa kan

sengso tlem zawk anga, hah tak taka tha leh zung kan sen thin te pawh a lo zia

awm zawk dawn a ni.

Thlai ven himna (Plant Protection chemicals ) hman dan dik a kan hman

a, Damdawi (Weedicide) hmanga hlo kan thlawh fai that a, a tawk chauh a a chaw

mamawh (fertilizer) kan hman dik chuan hlawk zawkin fur thlai te hi kan thar

chhuak thei a. A bik takin Mizoram in a kan practice lai mek Organic Manures kan

hman tangkai deuh deuh hi kan thlai thar hlawkna tur leh mihring tan pawh a

hriselna tur thatak a ni dawn a ni. Organic Manures hman dan kim chang chu

mahni bialtu Field Staff leh Field Officer te zawhfiah nisela, anmahni nen inrawn

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

tlang zelin kan thlai chaw ei tur mamawh (Organic Manures) hman dan tur hriat

lo tum zel turin loneitute ka ngen bawk a ni.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW

CONCEPTS IN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM)

FROM 10

MAY - 2

JUNE 2004 AT BET DAGAN, ISRAEL.

Dr. Lalmuanzovi

Instructor KVK, Hnahthial&

Assistant Programme Director (MIP)

The training of International and Development of New Concepts in

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has been a fruitfull experience with

informative lectures, exhilarating field visits and enlightening discussions with

renounced and experienced scientist and field workers. This training course had

brought into focus about the Integrated Pest Management (IPM), its goals and

objectives, how IPM can be achieved, advantages of IPM and problems related

with chemical pesticides.

This training programe has taught us the many aspects of IPM which can

be applicable and feasible for our state. The principle of IPM concepts needs to be

made clear to each and every technical officer and staff working in this field. The

person involved in IPM must have a good knowledge about the pest, the crop, the

weather conditions and the power to convince the crop grower to use IPM

methods. The IPM methods widely used in Israel and which I feel can be adopted

in our state are as follows:

l. Physical, Mechanical and Cultural Control methods.

2. Host Plant Resistance.

3. Parasite ids and Predators.

4. Microbial Control

5. Biological approaches.

6. Biotechnological approaches.

7. Use of Novel Insecticides.

1. Physical, Mechanical and Cultural Control methods. Physical, Mechanical

and Cultural practices for pest management are the fore most important method

of preventing crop losses. Prior to emergence of crop protection sciences, the

farmers evolved many cultural practices to minimise the damage caused by

insect pests. These methods are also practised in Israel and though they are used

in our state more emphasis can be given to the methods.

a) Physical methods. Application of heat including exposure to sun rays during

hot months helps in killing a number of pests in seeds and stored commodities,

while cold storage of fresh and dry fruits and vegetables in often resorted to for

escaping fruit fly, potato tuber moth and pathogen damage. A temperature of

10°C tor several days kills fruits fly maggots. Moisture can be reduced by drying

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

grains for storage as well dried grains (moisture contents less than 8-10%) store

in cool dry place escape insect damage. Light traps can also be used efficiently

against shoot borer, root borer and white grub.

b) Mechanical Methods: Handpicking and destruction of large sized,

conspicuous, immature or mature stages of insects is effectively used for hairy

caterpillar, leaf rollers, tobacco caterpillar- cabage butterfly, epilachna beetle,

white grub etc. pruning and destruction of infested shoots and floral parts is

effective in checking the multiplication of scales, mealy bugs, gall midges etc.

c) Cultural Practices: This includes all crops production and management

techniques which are utilized to maximize crop productivity. Decisions on crop

varieties to be grown, planting time and manner of planting, tillage, crop rotation,

field and crop sanitation etc. is to be taken into consideration. The purpose of

cultural control practices is to make the environment less favourable for the pest

and more favourable for its natural enemies.

2. Host Plant Resistance: Plant resistance is the character possessed by plants

which enable a plant to avoid, tolerate or recover attacks of insects under

conditions that would cause greater injury to other plants of the same species.

Resistant plants are used in large scale to protect plants from insect pest attack in

Israel. This though used in our state it can also be practised in a much beneficial

way.. This plant resistance has been exploited in LPM programme for the unique

feature which are as follows:

a) Eco-friendly: Host plant resistance does not cause pollution in any component

of the environment nor does it have any deleterious on man or wildlife.

b) Easily adaptable: An insect resistant variety with high yield potential can

easily be adopted by farmers, as it does not require much high cost. Specificity

Host plant resistant is usually specific against a particular insect pest complex

and does not possess any adverse effect on non-target or beneficial organisms.

d) Cumulative elective: The effect of host plant resistance does not end with a

generation of the insect pest, but lasts against successive generations.

e) Compatibility: When host plant resistance alone cannot maintain the insect

population, it can easily be combined with other tactics of insects pest

management.

3. Parasitoids and predators: Parasitoids and predators are natural enemies

which attack various life stages of insects. The effect of these natural enemies

ranges from a temporary or minor effect to the death of the host. The use of

Parasitoids and predators is usually compatible with most other tactics of

pest managenwnt expect the use of broad spectrum synthetic organic

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

insecticides. The introduction of natural enemies which attack the various life

stages of insect pests in IPM programmes can be used in our state by our

department to protect our crops from dangereous insect pests. The natural

enemies which can be used are:

a) Parasitic wasps Aphidius colemani against Myzus persicae, M. nicotianae and

Aphis gossypii.

b) Pirate bug Orius laevigatus against western flower thrips.

c) Predatory mite, amblyselus degenerans against thrips.

d) Predatory mite, Phytoselolus persimilis against spider mites Tetranychus,

cinnabarinus and Turticae.

There are also some beneficial insects which are not to be killed by

spraying chemicals and these insects are - Lady beetles Coccinella sp, Lacewing

Chrysoperlas camea and Pirate bug. Onus sp.

The Parasitoids and predators which are biological control agents are

available in the form of formulations so that they can be easily carried from one

place to another and also a large quantity can be carried in small containers. In

Israel some of the popularly used by control agents which can be introduced in

our state are –

a) Predatory mine Neoseiulus cucumeric as a commercial product 'Thripex '

which is used against western flower thrips and broad mites in vegetables and

ornamentals.

b) Parasitic warp Aphidius colemeni in the form of 'Aphipar ' used to control

aphids in vegetables, field crops, ornamentals and fruit tree.

c) Predatory bug Orius laevigatus as Thripor ' to control western flower thrips in

vegetables and ornamental crop.

d) Predatory mites Phyloseiuhus persimillis as 'Spidex 'which control spiders

mites in vegetables, field crops, ornamental and fruit trees.

4. Microbial Control: Microbial control refers to the exploitation of disease

causing organisms to reduce the population of insects pests below the damaging

levels. The organism used are bacteria, fungi. viruses. nematodes etc.

a) Bacillus thuringiensis has been exploited in IPM programmes. This

B.thuringiensis contains substance which are active against lepidopteran.

dipteran, coleopteran species of insects.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

b) Entomopathogenic fungi are known to produce toxics having insecticidal

properties. A product based on Metarhizium anisopliae is used for the control of

Coleopteran pests of several ornamental crops. There are fungal pathogens used

for control of crop pests viz. Fusarium oxysporum on Nilaparmata lugens.

Verticilluim lecanii on Coccus viridis Beauveria sp on Sphodoptera litura etc.

c) The nematoda Teinernema felitae can be used against soil pests and termites

while Rhabditis sp is used against Holotricia serrate.

The major advantage of exploiting micro organisms for pest control is

their environment safety primarily due to the host specificity of these pathogens.

The cost of development and registration of these microbial insecticides is much

less than that of chemical insecticides. There is minimum effect on non- target

organism. The self perpetuating nature of most of the Pathogens both in space

and time would certainly prove to be an asset in sustainable agriculture.

5. Biological Approaches: In this Biological approach the used of pheromones,

hormonal analogues and Sterile Insect Technique is put into good use. These

Biological approaches consists of biological. control method which is approaches

consists of Bio-logical control method which is usually selective with no side

effects. There are no harmful effects on humans, livestock and other organisms.

The biological control agents posses the ability to search for their prey (pest).

This method is practised in Israel and is found to be very effective. It can be used

in our state to a great extent.

a) The used of pheromones which causes mating distruption can be put to good

use in our IPM programmes as the pheromones are not toxic, environmentally

safe and do not interfere with the beneficial biological agents. They also do not

cause hazardous effect to workers and not harmful to public health and the

application of pheromone is also very easy with long lasting effect.

b) The use of Sterile bisect Technique (SIT) to control fruit fly, Ceratistis capitata

the host of citrus, deciduous and subtropical fruit, grapes and some vegetables

can be practiced in our state. In this technique, the wild female is allowed to mate

with the sterile male and thus the wild female lay unfertile eggs. This technique

has been found to be successfull in countries like North, Central & South America,

Japan, Australia, S.Africa and Israel. This SIT can be successfully used for senous

pest and a good monitoring system is necessary for this technique.

6. Biotechnology Approaches :

Bio-technology involves the production isolation, modification and use of

substances derived by means of biosynthesis. There substances can be produced

not only from micro-organisms on cell suspension but also from entire plans.

Thus, agriculture based in such techniques can be looked at as bio-tech-

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

nology. The used of Bio-technological approaches in IPM is the use of transgenic

plants which is simply a normal plant with one or more additional genes from

diverse sources. In IPM, the additional genes in transgenic plants are introduced

for insect resistance.

e.g Transgenic cotton plants resistant against Helicoverpa sp, Spodoptera sp.

Transgenic maize plants resistant against Ostrinia nubilalis.

7. Use of Novel Insecticides :

The use of lnsecticides derived from soil micro-organisms are used in

Israel which can also be adopted in our state successfully. The various

imporatant classes of insecticides formed mostly from soil micro-organism by

fermentation procedures are used to control harmful pest. Among them are

‘Avermectin' used against spider mites and lepidopteron pest species, 'Spiosyn'

against dipteran and lepidopterans and 'Pyrrole' against coleopteran and

lepidopteran insects. The use of Biological and microbial insecticides (such as

neem extract and Bt) are compatible with organic agriculture and are used in

Israel which are used in our state as well. Besides the point discussed above a

good quarantine measure will help in protecting our crop against pests and

diseases.

Most of the achievements of Agriculture in Israel can be credited to the

excellent extension service. Similarly, a much technically improved and better

extension service in our state will help agriculture reach new heights. "The result

obtained from the different laboratories of the state eg. Soil Testing Laboratory,

Bio Control Laboratory, and Bio fertilizer laboratory can be put to greater use

which will help the farmers of the state. A good cooperation among Research

Scientist, Extension worker and tanners is necessary. A lot of research can be

done in the farmer field by researcher and extension workers. In this way the

goals of lPM can be realized in the state.

IPM aims at:

l. Effective, Economically sound, ecologically, compatible, long term solution.

2. The maximum reduction of synthetic chemical pesticides which endanger both

man and environment.

3. To prevent the outbreak of pest and diseases.

4. Combination control tactics.

5. Combination of efforts towards control of pests.

6. Concentration of different culture system and their mutual difference.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

7. Meeting the objective of pest control while using natural method suitable to

the crop environment.

As many problems are associated with chemical pesticides it is toxic to

users consumers, non-target animals and also accumulation in soil underground

water is a great problem. Toxicity to the user, increase in pest and disease

resistance, increase in production cost, effect product quality.

The training programmes had dealt with some of the most significant

issues involving food safety, ground water contamination, environmental quality

and agricultural sustainability. For this, it is necessary to develop efficient

methods. Harmonization between man and environment through utilization of

natural resources for human needs while strictly adhering to environmental

conservation. Thus, this training has been very enlightening with brain storming

sessions, the knowledge gained from this programme will be of great use in

future for the Agriculture Department and the state as a whole.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

HLAWHTLINNA THURUK (PART -1)

Lalnunpuii Parte, AEO

Vanneihthlak tak mai in nikum (2006) khan Japan ah training nei tur a

thlan ka ni ve hlauh mai a. Ni 22 November atanga 14 December inkar zawng

khawvel ram changkang zinga mi ah kan han khawsa ve a ni. Hetianga rei tak

awm tur chuan mimal a kal rual a nilo. Japan sorkar hmalakna zarah kumtin

training hmingpu si in India leh Japan inlaichinna tih that nan leh Japan hnam

nunphung /zia rang hrechiang tur in Youth Invitation Programme buatsaih thin a

ni. Japan sorkar hian Indopui II-na ti chhuaktu an ni tih an hriatchian vang

hian tunah chuan remna leh muanna lamah hma a la nasa em em a, India chauh

nilovin ram hrang hrang a bikin Asia ram tan training chi hrang a buatsaih thin a,

a senso zawng zawng, kal man thlengin a tum vek thin a ni.

Nikum ah khan ram hrang 5 tan programme a siam a, India tan pawh

programme chi 2 - Science group leh Social group a siam a ni. Science Group ah

hian state paruk atangin mi 20 thlan a ni a, Mizoram atang pawh in mi 4 ( mipa 2

& hmeichhia 2 ) kan kal ve. Science Group in a zirtur ber chu -Dil Leh Lui

humhalh Dan ( Conservation of Rivers & Lakes ) a ni. State dang atanga kal hi

Central Service (IAS, IFS leh Engineer) an ni a, a tir lamah chuan insit a na duh

ang reng khawp mai. Ni 20.11.2006 ah Hotel Nikko, New Delhi ah in hmuh

khawm tur tih anih vangin ni 18

November, 2006 ah Lengpui Aiport atangin kan

thlawk chhuak a, a ni vek hian Delhi tlang nghal a ni. 20th Nov. ah Hotel Nikko

pan in ka thlenpui NI Lalchhingpuii, Nursery' Veng nen kan chhuak a, kan kalpui

Pu Lalhmingmuana, AEO, Agriculture Department a mi chu a thlenna ah

lam kual turin Taxi kan la a, a vawikhatna a tan kan han in zawng buai phawt ta a.

Zing dar 9 ah Hotel thlen kim tur tih kha kan in zawng buai vangin dar 10 vel ah

kan thleng thei tawk a. Hotel Nikko chu Japanese hotel ni in, a lo changkang

khawp mai a. A chhung kan lut chu an lo thu thup tawh mai a, kan thianpa tur Pu

Lalnunsanga Khawlhring, ACF pawhin min lo thlir min lo thlir hman tawh a ni.

& 21

hian Japanese nula in orientation programme hi a kaihrual a, a zei in a

fel thlap mai a, nui sang in inngaitlawm programme duan chhan te, thil mamawh

tur leh awm dan tur te a sawi a. Japan tawng tlanglawn, kan hman ngei ngai tur te

min zirtir nghal a ni. A sawi uar ber chu Japanese ngaih pawimawh ber chu

hunvawn dik a ni a. India ram a hun vawn dan nen a inan loh zia te, minute 1

pawh an tlai ngailoh thu te a sawi ngun hle.

Ni 21

tlai dar 3 ah Indira Gandhi International Airport pan in Bus

changkang tak ah kan chuang a, zan dar 9 ah Japan Airlines (JAL) in kan tum ram

pan in kan thlawk chhuak ta a ni. Thlawhna chhung nawm zia leh a thawktute fel

zia lam chu sawi lo mai ila, mahse thil pakhat tarlan loh theih loh chu hei

hi a ni. Thlasik lai a ni a, khua a vawt em avangin vansang tak a thlawk tur kan ni

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

bawk sia a a vawt dawn em mai tiin kan in ha lum hlawm hle a. Kan tisual nasa

mai, T-shirt chauh pawh ha ila a lum mah mah awm e tih tur in thlawhna chhung

chu an lo vawng lum tha hle mai. Darkar 7 leh minute 30 vel thlawh hnuah Narita

Airport, Tokyo kan thleng ta a. Thlawhna chuang khat tih takah a ninawm hman

lek lek a ni. Narita Airport hi chhuahsan lovin thlawhna ah kan lut leh nghal a,

minute 30 vel thlawh hnu ah Japan cham chhunga kan inpui ber tur Osaka kan

thleng ta a ni. Osaka atang hian hmun hrang hrangah kan kal kual a, India ram a

state hrang hrang awn ang hi an ni ah chuan Prefecture an ti a, Shiga Prefecture

leh Kyoto Prefecture ah kan kual ber a ni.

Kan kal chhan ber Japan lui leh dil an enkawl dan leh vawn thianghlim dan

a nih vangin Kyoto ah hian Kamo lui kan thlawh a. Kamo lui hi tun hma kum 30

kal ta kha chuan a bal in, Kyoto khua bawlhhlawh paihna ni awm hian a lang ve

tho mai. Sorkar leh mipui(NGOs) tangrual in a then thianghlim leh cheimawi ah

hma an han la tak tak chu a danglam nasa tawh mai. Tunah chuan lui kam

ah te an in fiamin, tual lenna ber ah an nei tawh a ni. Hetiang tak a mawi leh

thianghlim a an siam theihna chhan ber chu sorkar chak vang ni in a lang. Kamo

lui hi kuang zau ve tak, mahse thuk silo dam duai a luang a ni a, Kyoto

khawchhung a awm a nih vang in tunhma chuan a kam, lui hnaih tak takah in a

ding phei thluah thin. Heta cheng ho hi sorkar chuan in lian tak sak sak in

hmundangah a sawn chhuak vek a, lui atang a 50 metres a hla ah vek in an sa a, a

kam velah thing mawi chi leh pangpar an phun a, a phul nuam takah an siam

bawk a ni. A chipchiar chuan tarlanglo mai ila, helai hmuna kan awm lai a rilru a

lian ber mai chu Chite lui leh tuikual lui vel hi hetiang hian han siam ve thei ila a.

Aizawl mai nilovin Mizoram mipui tan a va han nuam dawn em. Kan ram

hmangaih dan hi a lo in chenlo hle mai tih te an ram thatna tur chuan sum leh tha

tumahin an ui lo tih te, ngaihtuahna akal thui duh hle mai.

Shiga ah hian Japan a dil lian ber ( Biwa lake ) a awm a. Lawng in dilah hian

kan chuang a, tui fim that dan tehna ah chuan 16ft thleng lawng atanga thir phek

bial (6 inches) an thlak chu kan hmu thei a ni. Kan ram dil te nen chuan in

thianghlim hleih tak a ni. Biwa dil kamah hian khua a awm nual a, bawlhhlawh

leh hnawmhnawk tui a lang hmuh tur a awm reng reng lo! ! !.

Thunawi:

1. Japan ho hi an thianghlim em em a, khawlai leh ramhnuai ah pawh bawlhhlawh

tla mai mai hmuh tur a vang hle. Kawng sirah hian Meizial bung leh a vap paihna

tur a hran in an hung thluah thin. Vawikhat pawh kan vahchhuahna ah meizu lai

min hmuh veleh kan Japanese thian chuan ashtray a rawn pe nghal vat.

2. Mi dang tan a hnawksak nih an hreh vek niin a lang. Zaidam leh dawhthei tak

hmel an pu vek. An mipate pawh zuam sual awl tak an nih hmel. Kan thianpa (Pu

Nuna) chuan pa hi an ti hlawm khawp a, an zaidamna hian an huaisen zia leh

rilru len zia a entir a ti.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

3. A tlangpuiin sakhua an ngaihsaklo. Buddhism leh an hmanlai sakhua zuitu an

ni ber a, Kristian chu tlemte an ni.

4. Fa enkawlna sen so a tam a, an hnathawhna lamah an buai thin bawk vang hian

fa an nei tam lo tlangpui. Fa 1 emaw 2 bak an neilo.

5. Indona in mihring leh ram a tichhiat nasat theih zia hrechiangtu an nih vang

hian primary school atangin remna pawimawh zia an in zirtir nasa hle.

6. Japan ho hi hnampui tih an hriatna chu midang an pawh huam lova, biak pawh

tawh chuan engpawh tihsak an huam zel mai.

7. Tlawmngaihna an vawn nung zia chu entirna tawite han tarlang ila Mizo ho (mi

4) zan chaw ei turin Indian Restaurant ah kal kan tum a, kan zawn fe hnuah pawh

kan hmuh theih loh vangin kawng a kal mi pakhat kan zawt chawt mai a, a lo hre

biklova. A kal leh ta mai a minutes 15 hnu velah a rawn lang leh hlawl a, Indian

Restaurant chu a lo zawng kual a, a hmuh hnuah min hruai turin a lo kir leh vang

vang a lo ni.Hetiang ang hi hmun hrang hrang ah kan tawng nasa hle.(chhunzawm

tur).

PU LAIBUAIA

Pu Laibuaia hi kan Department Officer hote zingah chuan B. Sc (Agri) ni

lo zingah a thleng sang pawl a ni ve a. A ma sawi fiamthu ang deuhin Zawhte

upata ka hlawhchhuah ve mai mai a ni a ti thin a. Zoramin Agriculture awmzia

pawh kan hriatthiam loh laia thawkin, bul lo tantute zing a mi a ni a, mi kan la

tlem vangte ni pah fawmin a pension erawh hi chuan DAO-ah a pension a.

Thiamna-ah erawh chuan B.A.T chauh ani a. Hnahthiala kan Agri Training Centre

ITC kan tih ang saw a ni e. Amaherawhchu, a thiamna hniam hle mahse, kan

department officer ho zingah a ni tluka fate ti puitling an awm lohna hi a

fakawmna leh chhuanawmna lai tak a ni. Officer puitling a nih chhung hi chu kum

kua (9) emaw awrh chauh a ni a. A thawh tan tirh lama an khawsak harsat dan

thin chu a hre duh tan chuan an thenawm khawvengte zawt ila a chiang ber ang.

Tunah chuan in nuam tak, Governor Bangla atan pawha iaiawm loh khawpa

nuamah a cheng ta. A chanchin tarlan hmain a fate dinhmun lo tarlang hmasa

lawk ila.

HRANGHLUITE HUANG

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

Kum1952 ah Nl.Lalzikpuii Sailo nen an innei a, fapa 3 (pathum) leh Fanu

4 (pali) an nei. An fate leh an hna chelhte Chu:-

1) Lalropara - Joint Director

Account & Treasuries Deptt.

2) Biakhluni - Deputy Director

Account & Treasuries Deptt.

3) Dr. Zoliana - MBBS (Radiology)

4)Dr. Lalhmangaihi- MBBS (MD) Specialist

5) Laldinpuii - Assistant

6) Lalhmingmawii - MBBS (MD)

7) Vanlalhmaia - SDO PHE Department

Heng hi an fate leh an hna chelhte a ni a. Kan nu leh pa ten an tum leh

duh thu an lo sam thin, an fate Pisa babu nih tir kha ani a. Kawla ni chhuak

chhiara Vaihmite seh leh ruahpui vanawn tuar lovin, vawiinah enge ka

thawh anga, khawi lamah nge ka tuan ang, tih ngai miah lova fate hmun sang taka

a hlan kai vek avang hian Pathian malsawmna a dawng kan ti lo thei lovang. Fate

puitling taka enkawl zingah chuan kan Department hotute mai bakah, Mizoram

pum huap pawhin mi hlawhtling berah dah phal lo mah ila, fanau enkawl

hawhtling ber berte zing a mi chu a ni pha hrim hrim mai. Vanduai thlak takin,

kum 1997 April Ni 21 khan a thiannu Pi Zikpuii hian a boral san hlauh mai.

Kan sawi tawh angin Pu Lalbuaia hi kum 1925 ah a piang a. Kum 1944

September thla atanga 31.7.1953 inkar Sipai ah tangin Hav. Clerk hna a thawk a.

Sipai a ban hnu hian rei pawh chawl lovin 19 th Dec. 1953 ah Fruit Demonstrator

hna a hmu a. Hetih lai hun hi District Council kan nih lai a ni tih kan hre theuh

awm e. Aizawl-a an Office-ah chuan Inspector hovin an awm a. Office a thawk te

chu –

Inspector - Pu Saithuama

LDC - 1 (Hming ka ziak lo hlauh) Pu Hmartawnphunga ( 1954 a pension ta) Ex.

CM Pu Lalthanhawla Sailo pa leh Pu H. Vanthuama te an ni. Kum 1958 ah AAI

(Assistant Agri Inspector) ah a kaisang a. Kum 1968 ah AEO-ah a kaisang. Kum

1979 ah SDAO-ah kaisangin kum 1982 ah DAO-ah a kaisang a. Kum 1988 ah a

pension ve ta a ni. A thawh tantirh atanga a thawh tawhna hmun te chu hetiang hi

a ni.

December 1953 ah Agri. Demonstrator-in a lut a. Aizawl Chite Farm ah

Fruit Demonstrator in a awm a. AAI a a kaisan hnuin 26th Jan. 1959 ah N.

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

Vanlaiphai ah sawn a ni a. Kum 1962 September ah Champhai ah sawn leh a ni a.

Kum 1963 ah Chite farm-ah bawk an sawn lut leh a. AEO a kaisan hnu lawk kum

1969 September thlaah N. Vanlaiphai ah sawn a ni leh a. Rambuai hlim a nih

avangin Lungdar ah AO-in an awm tir nghal bawk. Kan hriat reng tur chu hetih lai

hian Agri hi BDO hnuaia awm a ni tih hi. Kum 1972 ah Chhingchhip ah sawn a ni

leh a. Kum 1973 ah Bilkhawthlir Chemphai farm enkawl turin an sawn leh a. Kum

1974 August ah AEO in W. Phailengah an sawn leh a. Kum 1975 ah BDO office

hawnah BDO charge lain a awm a. Kum 1977 ah Aizawlah sawn ani leh a. Kum

1977 hian Agiculture Department hi Block atangin a indang a, Department hranin

a din tantirh lai a ni a. Kum 1977 ah Aizawl West District hawn a ni a. Tichuan

kum 1979 ah SDAO-ah kaisangin Aizawl West Districtah dah zui a ni. Kum 1982

khan Lunglei District hawn thar a ni a. Tichuan 1982-ah Lunglei DAO atan sawn

phei leh a ni a. Kum 1983 October 5

ah Aizawl ah rawn phei leh in Aizawl West

District ah DAO-in dah a ni leh a. He hmunah hian kum 1988-a a pension thlengin

a awm ta a ni. A hnathawhna hmun a hmuh dan ka zawh chuan "Ka hnathawh hi

ka phu loh thawk niin ka in hria a, nuam ka ti em em reng mai. Hrehawm ka tih

hunlai sawi tur ka hre reng reng lo" tiin min chhang. Hengtiang ang nuam ti taka

hnathawh chawl san thei (Pensioner) kan nei hi a vanneih thlak hle a ni. Tunah

Pu Laibuaia hi kum 80 chuang niin hrisel takin Aizawl Chanmari West-ah a

khawsa mek.

Interviewer – H.Joela

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

‘A’ APPOINTMENT:

Pu M.C.Lalramenga chu Gram Sevak (Contract Basis) in Vaphai Circle a

thawk turin appointment pek ani.

'B' TRANSFER & POSTING:

Sl. Name of Officers Present place of posting New place of posting

No. & Designation

1. S.Lalchhuanawma, DAO Office, Mamit DAO Office, Kolasib.

SMS (Agro)

2. Lalringliana, ARO J.D (LUB) Office SCE Section, Dte. of Agriculture.

‘C’ PAWIMAWH DANG:

1. FARMERS' TOUR:

Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Scheme in a phalsak

angin, Mizoram a Farmer 16 (sawm leh paruk) thlan chhuahte chu Krishi Expo-

2007, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi ah ni 21

– 25

February, 2007 an neih enpuia.

Study Tour neih pui a ni a. Heng mite hi Ni 27.2.2007 khan Aizawl an lo thleng a,

Pi Lalnunpuii Parte, AEO in a hruai a ni.

2. ORGANIC FARMING ZIRCHIANNA TOUR:

Agriculture Officer - Pu H. Thankhuma, Deputy Director of Agriculture

(Extension), Pu Tlangtimawia Zote, SMS (Agro), Pu Challianenga, Gram Sevak

(Cameraman) leh Pu Zonunsanga, M.J.A Gen.Secretary te chu Kerala State ah

Organic Farming zir chiang turin Mizoram Sawrkarin atira, Ni 19.2.2007 ah

Aizawl chhuahsan in Kerala State ah Organic Farming an tih hlawhtlinna hmun

hrang hrang an zuk enkualin an zuk zir chiang a. Vawiin 27.2.2007 hian Mizoram

ah an rawn thleng leh dawn a, Mizoram tan thil lawmawm leh thil tha an rawn

puak chhuah ngei a beisei awm a ni.

3. AGRICULTURE EXHIBITION, LUNGLEI AH NEIH A NI:

KEIMAHNI

AGRI MAG ZORAM LONEITU JAN-MARCH 2007

Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Scheme tih

hlawhtlin nan leh tih hmasawn nan Agriculture Exhibition, 2007 Lunglei District

pum huapin, Lunglei ah 1.3.2007- 23.3.2007 thleng neih a ni a. He Exhibition hi a

hlawhtling tha in mipui ten an hlut hle ani.

4. MAUTAM TAM VENNA ATANA HMALAKNA KAL ZEL:

Mautam tam venna atana hmalakna kal zel ah Aieng uar taka ching turin

Mizoram Intodelhna Programme hnuaiah kalpui zel a ni a. Ni 26.2.2007 atang

khan Aieng Ching turte a hmunah enfiah sak tan an ni a, an Aieng neih pawh

engemaw zah chu leisak tum an ni. Farmer ten hlawhtling taka Aieng an chin

theihna turin High Yielding Variety rampawn atangin 1 Kg Rs. 16.60 hisap in

farmer te chin tur lakluh tum a ni a, kan sawitawh angin Mizorama loneitute

tharchhuah, hralh tur an neih ang ang te chu 1 Kg Rs. 8.50/- a leisak an ni. Kut

hnathawktu ten hlawkna tam zawk an tel theih na atan he ruahmanna hi siam a

ni a, Nodal Department chu Horticulture Department a ni.

5. NORTH EAST AGRICULTURE FAIR:

Ni 5

- 7

March, 2007 khan UMIAM, Meghalaya ah North East

Agriculture Fair, 2007 a awm a. Mizoram atangin Progress Farmers- 25 an kal ve

a, Pu H.Joela, S.O-cum - S.A in a ho a ni.

6. TRAINER'S TRAINING ON QUALITY CONTROL ARRANGEMENT ON SEEDS

NEIH A NI:

Ni 5

- 6

March, 2007 khan Agriculture Conference Hall ah Trainer's

Training on Quality Control Arrangement on Seeds tih chu neih a ni a. Officer te

an kal tha in an hlawkpui hle a ni.